Name: chemo-enzymatic synthesis of n-glycans for array development and hiv antibody profiling
Uploaded: 2018-02-05T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling at JoVE.com

著者は、薄いフィルム技術部門、楽器技術研究センター (ITRC) と国立応用研究所、台湾・新竹サイエン スパークにありがとうございます。この作品は、国家科学委員会によって支えられた (付与なし。ほとんど 105-0210-01-13-01) と中央研究院。

1. D1, D2 の準備アーム モジュール22
<ol><li>中間 2 の準備
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<li>材料1 (図 2 p-methoxyphenyl-O-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-D-mannopyranoside (100 mg、0.204 ミリ モル) で表示) 15 mL チューブに開始の重量を量るし、含む Tris バッファー (25 mM、pH 7.5) に溶解マンガン塩化 (MnCl2, 10 mM) 5 mM の最終的な糖濃度を達成するた?...

<ol>
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HIV 1 菌株を循環の 70-80% の中和に非常に強力なことは、HIV-1 bNAbs PGTs 128、PG16、PG9 141-145 を含むのクラスが報告されました。これらの bNAbs のエピトープが全体の HIV-1 グループ M の変種の間で非常に節約される、従って彼らは23,抗体中和24,25 を引き出すために HIV ワクチンの有効な免疫原設計をガイドがあります。.、HIV-1 広?...

糖タンパク質糖鎖のN共有にリンクされて、アスパラギン コンセンサス Asn-Xxx-セリン/スレオニン sequon の (Asn) 残基蛋白質の構造、抗原性、溶解性、レクチン認識などいくつかの生物学的プロセスに影響を与える1,2。 Nの化学合成-糖鎖は彼らの巨大な構造マイクロ不均一性と高分岐建築のため重要な合成挑戦を表します。保護を慎重に選択グループ ビルディング ブロック、アノマー中心とプロモーターの適切な使用に選択性を達成するための反応性を調整する/activator(s) 複雑なオリゴ糖の合成における重要な要素です。N型糖鎖の合成を進める作業の偉大な量が報告された複雑なこの問題を解決するために最近3,4。これらの堅牢なアプローチにもかかわらず、(〜 20,000) 残る主要な挑戦のN型糖鎖の広い範囲の準備のための効果的な方法を見つけること。
広範な遺伝的多様性と中和抗体から脱出する能力を達成するために HIV-1 の急速な突然変異率は HIV 15,6に対して安全と予防ワクチンの開発に最大の課題の一つです。,7. HIV を使用してホストの免疫反応を回避する 1 つの効果的な戦術は多様なN封筒糖蛋白質 gp120 の翻訳後修飾糖鎖-ホスト糖機械8から派生した糖鎖のリンク 9。人間の萌芽期の腎臓 (HEK) 293 t 細胞からの組換えの単量体 1 HIV gp120 糖鎖の精密解析に関する最近の報告書は、セル固有の特徴10構造異種性の発生を示唆しています。,11,12します。 したがって、HIV-1 bNAbs の糖鎖特異性も特徴と gp120 が必要です理解関連N型糖鎖構造解析のための十分な量で。
糖鎖マイクロ アレイの技術の発見は、炭水化物結合蛋白質、ウイルス/細菌アドヘシン、毒素、抗体、および lectines1314,の多様な範囲の特異性の高スループットに基づく探査を提供.アレイ チップ ベース形式で体系的な糖鎖の配置は、多価プレゼンテーション15,16,17,18まで問題となる低親和性タンパク質糖鎖の相互作用を決定でした。このチップに基づく糖鎖の配置が効果的に細胞インターフェイスを模倣する便利に表示されます。技術を豊かにし従来の配列形式に関連付けられているムラの問題を克服する、私たちのグループは最近ホスホン酸終わった糖鎖を使用して信号強度を高めるのに酸化アルミニウム コーティング ガラス (ACG) スライドの糖鎖アレイを開発均一性、そして感度19,20。
新たに単離した HIV 1 広く中和抗体 (bNAbs) の糖鎖エピトープに関する現在の理解を向上させるため、我々 はNの広範な配列の準備のための高効率モジュール戦略を開発している-リンク糖鎖21 、、ACG に印刷される22スライド (図 1参照)。ACG 配列の HIV-1 bNAbs のプロファイリング研究を提供して非常に強力な bNAb HIV からが分離された PG9 のヘテロ糖鎖連結動作の異常検出感染個人23,24,25特異性。

<table width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">64197</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75058</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Acetic anhydride</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">108247</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Anhydrous magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7487889</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Boron trifluoride ethyl etherate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">109637</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9048468</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Bio-Gel P2 polyacrylamide</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1504118</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Bis(cyclopentadienyl)hafnium(IV) dichloride</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12116664</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">&#946;-1, 4 Galactosyl transferases from bovine milk</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48279</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="width:168px;height:84px;">BioDot Cartesion technology with robotic pin SMP3 (Stealth Micro Spotting Pins)</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Arrayit</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Cerium ammonium molybdate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">TCI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1794</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Cerium ammonium nitrate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16774213</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Clean glass slide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Schott&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">Cytidine-5&#8242;-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3063716</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Deuterated chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">865496</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">Donkey Anti-Human IgG (Alexa Fluor647 conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Jackson Immuno Research, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">709605098</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75092</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">38078090</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">68122</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">141786</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Ethylene glycol</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Acros Organic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">107211</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">FAST frame slide incubation chambers</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">Guanosine 5&#39;-diphospho-b-L-fucose disodium salt&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15839700</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lab tracer 2.0 software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Section 4 of the Protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">GenePix Pro 4300A reader (microarray image analysis)</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">moleculardevices</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:164px;">www.moleculardevices.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">GraphPad Prism Software (Image processing )</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">GraphPad Software, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:164px;">http://www.graphpad.com/guides/prism/6/user-guide/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Lithium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1310652</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Manganese chloride</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7773015</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">67561</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">N-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">71363</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Oxalic acid</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Acros Organic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">144627</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Palladium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12135227</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10010023</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Pyridine</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">110861</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">P-Toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">773476</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Silver triflate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2923286</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">144558</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7647145</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:168px;height:42px;">Sodium hydrogen carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">144558</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Sodium methoxide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">124414</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Sodium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7757826</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Toluene&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">108883</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Tris buffer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Amresco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:164px;">Ultra-pure grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:168px;height:21px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Amresco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9005645</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:168px;height:63px;">Uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose)</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">137868521</td>
			<td style="width:164px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

chemo-enzymatic synthesis of n-glycans for array development and hiv antibody profiling

Nの広い範囲の急速な準備のための非常に効率的な方法を提案する-人間の糖タンパク質でよく見られる (20,000 構造を超過する推定) オリゴ糖をリンクします。目的の構造の多様性を達成するために戦略から始まった、3 -Oと 6 -Oで彼らの段階的 α-選択的グリコシル化に続いて、oligosaccharyl フッ化物モジュールの 3 種類の化学酵素合成の位置、重要な β-マンノシドのリンケージを持つ共通のコア三のマンノース残基。我々 はさらに、HIV 抗体とヘテロ-リガンド相互作用の分析のための共有結合混合配列を作成する酸化アルミニウム コーティング ガラス (ACG) スライドの表面にN型糖鎖を添付しました。特に、バインディング動作を新たに単離した HIV 1 広く中和抗体 (bNAb)、PG9、密接に間隔をあけられた男5GlcNAc2の混合物の (男5) と 2, 6-ジ-還元末端 bi antennary 複合型N型糖鎖 (SCT) ACG 配列の HIV ワクチン開発のための効果的な免疫原設計に新しい道を開きます。また、ACG 配列は異種リガンド結合動作の他の HIV 抗体を研究する強力なツールを体現しています。

さまざまなN 型糖鎖の合成のためのモジュラー化学酵素の作戦は、図 1で示されます。戦略は、3 -Oおよび/または 6 -Oで α 固有マンノシル化に続いて、3 つの重要なモジュールの化学酵素合成法による初めの多様性を作成ことができますという事実に基づく共通のマンノース残基の位置N型糖鎖のコア三糖類です。Bi、ト?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling at JoVE.com

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

酸化アルミニウム コーティング ガラスに添付ファイルのN型糖鎖の合成にモジュラー アプローチは、糖鎖マイクロ アレイを開発し、広く中和抗体、HIV のプロファイリングの使用が示されている (ACG スライド) をスライドさせます。

N型糖鎖アレイ開発および HIV 抗体のための化学酵素合成プロファイリング

We present a highly efficient way for the rapid preparation of a wide range of N-linked oligosaccharides (estimated to exceed 20,000 structures) that are ...

The overall goal of this methodology, is to develop a modular chemo-enzymatic approach to the synthesis of N-glycans by constructing a new glycan microarray on a aluminum oxide coated glass slide for detecting heteroglycan binding of HIV antibodies. This methods can help answer key questions in glycobiology for identification of cell virus specific glycans for much development. The major advantage of this method is to detect weak binding and identify a mixture of sugars that bind to a protein such as, antibody from HIV patient.The implications of this technique extend to a diagnosis of influenza infections because sialic catabolist express on human airways epithelial cells and issues are common while the symptoms. Therefore, glycoarray will be an ideal tool to determine specificity of wild subtypes. Though this method can provide inside into the glycan specificities of HIV antibodies it can also be applied to other systems such as, diagnosis of various cancers based on the binding pattern of human serum antibodies toward human specific serum antigens printed on the surface.To begin this procedure, add 2-5 micromoles of previously prepared glycan and a five milliliter round bottom flask. Add a magnetic stir bar to the flask and cap it with a rubber septum. Add 400 microliters of freshly dried DMF and 10-25 micromoles of the phosphonic acid linker to the flask.Then, stir the reaction mixture at 800 rpm for five hours. Once the reaction is complete, evaporate the solvent using a rotary evaporator at five to 10 millibar vacuum pressure and 40 degrees Celsius. Following this, dissolve the dried reaction mixture and 0.5 milliliter of water and load on top of polyacrylamide gel bed.Elute the products using water and collect one to two milliliter fractions. To check the collected fractions by TLC, spot each fraction on a TLC plate and dip the plate in 0.25 molars Cerium Ammonium Molybdate. Heat the stained plate with a hot plate to visualize the product.After combining the product containing fractions and freezing the solution biofolize to obtain the desired product as a white powder. Next, dissolve the dried product in two milliliters of water and add Palladium Hydroxide. Attach a hydrogen containing balloon to the flask and stir the reaction mixture at 800 rpm for 15 hours under hydrogen atmosphere.Once the reaction is complete, filter the mixture through a Celite Bed and wash with two milliliters of methanol and two milliliters of distilled deionized water. Then, evaporate the solvent using a rotary evaporator at 300 millibar vacuum pressure and 40 degree Celsius. Following this, dissolve the crud mixture in approximately one milliliter of water and load it on top of a polyacrylamide gel bed.Elute the product with water and collect one to two milliliter fractions. After combining the product containing fractions and freezing the solution biofolize to obtain the desired product as a white powder. Once the product is dry, characterize it by enimar and mass spectroscopy using Deuterium Oxide as the solvent.For surface anodization, set a temperature controlled incubator to four degree Celsius. Then transfer a previously prepared 0.3 molar aqueous oxalic acid solution to a 500 milliliter beaker containing a magnetic stir bar. Place a 10 centimeter long platinum rod as a cathode into the solution.Keep stirring the oxalic acid at 300 rpm throughout the anodization process. In the lab tracer software, click on the setup button and then click on function choice Sweep Voltage. Set the start and stop voltage to 25.8 volts.The number of points to 100, the compliance to one, and the sweep delay to 1200 milliseconds. Then, click okay. Clamp an aluminum coated glass slide facing toward the cathode.Click on the run test button and observe the current measurement. After surface anodization, wash the glass slide thoroughly with double distilled water and purge dry with nitrogen gas. Store the glass slide in a 30%relative humidity chamber until further use.For fabrication, prepare 100 microliters solutions of all monovalent glycans in ethanol glycol at 10 millimolar concentration. Dilute the glycan solutions with printing buffer to make 100 micromolar solutions. For the Heteroligand Study, add five microliters of MAN-5 Glycan to five microliters of each glycan solution.Transfer the prepared glycans into the 384 well microplate for microarray printing step. After inserting a microplate on the printer array tech, print microarrays by robotic pin by depositing 0.6 nanoliters of the glycan solutions onto each aluminum coated glass slide. Next prepare 70 microliters of primary antibody PG-9 and PTSB buffer containing 3%BSA.Then prepare 120 microliters of secondary fluorescent tag antibody Donkey and Anti-human Immunoglobulin G and PBST buffer containing 3%BSA in the dark. Mix PG9 and the secondary fluorescent tag antibody in a 1:1 ratio. Then incubate the premixed antibodies for 30 minutes at four degrees Celsius.Following incubation, load an aluminum coated glass slide into the slide incubation chamber, which is divided into 16 wells. Transfer 100 microliters of the premixed antibodies to the glycan array. After incubating at four degrees Celsius for 16 hours remove the premixed antibodies from the glycan array with a pipette and then remove the slide incubation chamber.Wash the glass slide in PBST buffer and deionized water. Then spin dry the glass slide at 2000 times gravity. Next, open the microarray image analysis software.Insert the glass dried slide into the array scanner with the arrayed features facing down. Click on the settings menu. Set the image resolution to five micrometers per pixel.And set the wavelength at 635 nanometers with PMT 450 and power to 100%Click on the scan button to start imaging the slide. Finally click the file icon to save the scan image in TIF format for image analysis. In this study, a wide array of N-Glycans were synthesized using a modular chemo enzymatic strategy.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy a biantennary isometric structure was synthesized by chemoenzymatic methods. Enzymatic galactosylation for disaccharide 1 followed by fucosylation of trisaccharide 2 afforded the desired tetrasaccharide 3. Per satylation and reducing end modifications of building block two and three, afforded to desire molecule four and five.Stereoselective three O-glycosalyation of module four of trisaccharide six provided hexasaccharide seven. De-protection and reaction before module five yielded dedecasaccharide nine. Global detection afforded glycan 10 which was characterized by enimar and mass spectroscopy.Glycans containing a Pentylamine tail at the reducing end were modified with phosphonic acid linkers and attached to the aluminum glass coated surface through phospinide chemistry. HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody PG9 was screened for it's glycan specificity using homo and heteroglycan arrays to demonstarte for the first time it's ineteraction with adjacent heteroglycans in the V1/V2 loop of HIV1 PG120 surface. Once mastered, this technique can be done in 24 hours from glycan immobilization to beta analysis if it was performed properly.While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to use freshly anodized aluminum coated glass slide for Glycan 10. For laying this procedure are the med techs slides. Determination of the body constant can be performed in order to quantify the binding interactions between carbohydrate and protein of interest.After the development of this technique, it paved the way for researchers to better understand the role of carbohydrate in infectious disease in Kenya and help develop new therapies against diseases. Don't forget that working with toxic agents can be extremely hazardess and precautions such as wearing of the clothes, glasses and masks should always be taken when preforming experiments.

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

Seeded Synthesis of CdSe/CdS Rod and Tetrapod Nanocrystals

のCdSe / CdSのロッドやテトラポッドナノ結晶のシードの合成

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of multicomponent nanostructures consisting of CdS and CdSe with rod and tetrapod morphologies. A seeded ...

化学

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

プラズマを介した疎水性有機金属フレームワークの製造は、アンモニアの除去のためにペルフルオロアルカンの化学的気相成長法を強化

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

超分子コロイドの合成とキャラクタリゼーション

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

金ナノロッドのヒドロキノンベースの合成

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array

水溶性有機金属錯体アレイの合成

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

原金ナノ粒子合成による急速なナノプローブ信号強調

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

アクティブな表面の成長メカニズムを介して基質結合 Au ナノワイヤの作製

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

Au、Pd、およびソリューションに基づく還元を介して Pt エアロゲルの迅速合成法

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Synthesis Method for Cellulose Nanofiber Biotemplated Palladium Composite Aerogels

セルロースナノファイバーバイオテンプレートパラジウム複合エアロゲルの合成法

Here, a method to synthesize cellulose nanofiber biotemplated palladium composite aerogels is presented. Noble metal aerogel synthesis methods often ...