Name: endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal approach: minimally invasive surgery for pituitary adenomas
Uploaded: 2018-01-17T10:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas at JoVE.com

Vi ønsker å takke endokrinologi enheten og operativ rom team for deres hjelp og støtte i håndtering av disse pasientene. Vi har ikke noen finansieringskilde for denne arbeid heller interessekonflikt.

Protokollen illustrert Her følger retningslinjene i den menneskelige forskning etiske komiteen ved sykehuset i Lausanne.
Merk: Prosedyren forklart her er fokusert på den klassiske tilnærmingen utført hypofysen adenomer.
1. preoperativ protokollen
<ol><li>Systematisk utføre en pre-operative craniofacial CT og MRI, sammen med endocrinological og ophthalmological vurderingene.</li>
</ol>2. plassere og anestesi
<ol><li>Indusere narkose o...

<ol>
	<li>Carrau, R. L., Jho, H. D., Ko, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transnasal-transsphenoidal+endoscopic+surgery+of+the+pituitary+gland.">Transnasal-transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery of the pituitary gland.</a> Laryngoscope. 106 (7), 914-918 (1996).</li><li>Kassam, A. B., Gardner, P., Snyderman, C., Mintz, A., Carrau, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expanded+endonasal+approach:+fully+endoscopic,+completely+transnasal+approach+to+the+middle+third+of+the+clivus,+petrous+bone,+middle+cranial+fossa,+and+infratemporal+fossa.">Expanded endonasal approach: fully endoscopic, completely transnasal approach to the middle third of the clivus, petrous bone, middle cranial fossa, and infratemporal fossa.</a> Neurosurg Focus. 19 (1), E6 (2005).</li><li>Jouanneau, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+endoscopic+endonasal+approach+to+the+Meckel's+cave+tumors:+surgical+technique+and+indications.">The endoscopic endonasal approach to the Meckel's cave tumors: surgical technique and indications.</a> World Neurosurg. 82 (6 Suppl), S155-S161 (2014).</li><li>Essayed, W. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+endonasal+approach+to+the+ventral+brainstem:+anatomical+feasibility+and+surgical+limitations.">Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral brainstem: anatomical feasibility and surgical limitations.</a> J Neurosurg. , 1-8 (2017).</li><li>Messerer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extended+endoscopic+endonasal+approach+to+clival+and+paraclival+tumors:+Indications+and+limits.">Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to clival and paraclival tumors: Indications and limits.</a> Neurochirurgie. 62 (3), 136-145 (2016).</li><li>Rotenberg, B., Tam, S., Ryu, W. H., Duggal, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscopic+versus+endoscopic+pituitary+surgery:+a+systematic+review.">Microscopic versus endoscopic pituitary surgery: a systematic review.</a> Laryngoscope. 120 (7), 1292-1297 (2010).</li><li>Zaidi, H. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+outcomes+between+a+less+experienced+surgeon+using+a+fully+endoscopic+technique+and+a+very+experienced+surgeon+using+a+microscopic+transsphenoidal+technique+for+pituitary+adenoma.">Comparison of outcomes between a less experienced surgeon using a fully endoscopic technique and a very experienced surgeon using a microscopic transsphenoidal technique for pituitary adenoma.</a> J Neurosurg. 124 (3), 596-604 (2016).</li><li>Juraschka, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+endonasal+transsphenoidal+approach+to+large+and+giant+pituitary+adenomas:+institutional+experience+and+predictors+of+extent+of+resection.">Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to large and giant pituitary adenomas: institutional experience and predictors of extent of resection.</a> J Neurosurg. 121 (1), 75-83 (2014).</li><li>Pratheesh, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+current+role+of+transcranial+surgery+in+the+management+of+pituitary+adenomas.">The current role of transcranial surgery in the management of pituitary adenomas.</a> Pituitary. 16 (4), 419-434 (2013).</li><li>Messerer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+of+improved+surgical+outcome+following+endoscopy+for+nonfunctioning+pituitary+adenoma+removal.">Evidence of improved surgical outcome following endoscopy for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma removal.</a> Neurosurg Focus. 30 (4), E11 (2011).</li><li>Zoli, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cavernous+sinus+invasion+by+pituitary+adenomas:+role+of+endoscopic+endonasal+surgery.">Cavernous sinus invasion by pituitary adenomas: role of endoscopic endonasal surgery.</a> J Neurosurg Sci. 60 (4), 485-494 (2016).</li><li>Hamid, O., El Fiky, L., Hassan, O., Kotb, A., El Fiky, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomic+Variations+of+the+Sphenoid+Sinus+and+Their+Impact+on+Trans-sphenoid+Pituitary+Surgery.">Anatomic Variations of the Sphenoid Sinus and Their Impact on Trans-sphenoid Pituitary Surgery.</a> Skull Base. 18 (1), 9-15 (2008).</li><li>Frank, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+endoscopic+extended+transsphenoidal+approach+for+craniopharyngiomas.">The endoscopic extended transsphenoidal approach for craniopharyngiomas.</a> Neurosurgery. 59 (1 Suppl 1), ONS75-ONS83 (2006).</li><li>Cossu, G., Daniel, R. T., Leviver, M., Sykiotis, G., Messerer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pituitary+metastasis+and+the+role+of+CSF+pulsations+in+secondary+displacement+after+surgery.">Pituitary metastasis and the role of CSF pulsations in secondary displacement after surgery.</a> Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery. 3 (2), (2016).</li><li>Tarabay, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+pituitary+lymphoma:+an+update+of+the+literature.">Primary pituitary lymphoma: an update of the literature.</a> J Neurooncol. 130 (3), 383-395 (2016).</li><li>Dehdashti, A. R., Karabatsou, K., Ganna, A., Witterick, I., Gentili, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expanded+endoscopic+endonasal+approach+for+treatment+of+clival+chordomas:+early+results+in+12+patients.">Expanded endoscopic endonasal approach for treatment of clival chordomas: early results in 12 patients.</a> Neurosurgery. 63 (2), 299-307 (2008).</li><li>Alfieri, A., Jho, H. D., Tschabitscher, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+endonasal+approach+to+the+ventral+cranio-cervical+junction:+anatomical+study.">Endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral cranio-cervical junction: anatomical study.</a> Acta Neurochir (Wien). 144 (3), 219-225 (2002).</li><li>Trouillas, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+prognostic+clinicopathological+classification+of+pituitary+adenomas:+a+multicentric+case-control+study+of+410+patients+with+8+years+post-operative+follow-up.">A new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 126 (1), 123-135 (2013).</li><li>Kuo, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Congress+of+Neurological+Surgeons+Systematic+Review+and+Evidence-Based+Guideline+on+Surgical+Techniques+and+Technologies+for+the+Management+of+Patients+With+Nonfunctioning+Pituitary+Adenomas.">Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Surgical Techniques and Technologies for the Management of Patients With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.</a> Neurosurgery. 79 (4), E536-E538 (2016).</li><li>Lucas, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Congress+of+Neurological+Surgeons+Systematic+Review+and+Evidence-Based+Guideline+on+Primary+Management+of+Patients+With+Nonfunctioning+Pituitary+Adenomas.">Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Primary Management of Patients With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.</a> Neurosurgery. 79 (4), E533-E535 (2016).</li><li>Teixeira, M., Souteiro, P., Carvalho, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolactinoma+management:+predictors+of+remission+and+recurrence+after+dopamine+agonists+withdrawal.">Prolactinoma management: predictors of remission and recurrence after dopamine agonists withdrawal.</a> Pituitary. , (2017).</li><li>Cappabianca, P., de Divitiis, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopy+and+transsphenoidal+surgery.">Endoscopy and transsphenoidal surgery.</a> Neurosurgery. 54 (5), 1043-1048 (2004).</li><li>Jho, H. D., Carrau, R. L., Ko, Y., Daly, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+pituitary+surgery:+an+early+experience.">Endoscopic pituitary surgery: an early experience.</a> Surg Neurol. 47 (3), 213-222 (1997).</li><li>Borg, A., Kirkman, M. A., Choi, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+Endonasal+Anterior+Skull+Base+Surgery:+A+Systematic+Review+of+Complications+During+the+Past+65+Years.">Endoscopic Endonasal Anterior Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review of Complications During the Past 65 Years.</a> World Neurosurg. 95, 383-391 (2016).</li><li>Buchfelder, M., Schlaffer, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+Techniques+in+the+Surgical+Treatment+of+Acromegaly:+Applications+and+Efficacy.">Novel Techniques in the Surgical Treatment of Acromegaly: Applications and Efficacy.</a> Neuroendocrinology. 103 (1), 32-41 (2016).</li><li>Shirakawa, M., Yoshimura, S., Yamada, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+Endoscopic+Endonasal+Transsphenoidal+Surgery+Using+a+Neuronavigation:+Clinical+Results+of+178+Pituitary+Adenomas.">Effectiveness of Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery Using a Neuronavigation: Clinical Results of 178 Pituitary Adenomas.</a> Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience. 7 (1:71), (2016).</li><li>Dehdashti, A. R., Ganna, A., Karabatsou, K., Gentili, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pure+endoscopic+endonasal+approach+for+pituitary+adenomas:+early+surgical+results+in+200+patients+and+comparison+with+previous+microsurgical+series.">Pure endoscopic endonasal approach for pituitary adenomas: early surgical results in 200 patients and comparison with previous microsurgical series.</a> Neurosurgery. 62 (5), 1006-1015 (2008).</li><li>Starnoni, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+of+acromegaly+according+to+the+2010+remission+criteria:+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Surgical treatment of acromegaly according to the 2010 remission criteria: systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Acta Neurochir (Wien). 158 (11), 2109-2121 (2016).</li><li>Alahmadi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+technique+on+cushing+disease+outcome+using+strict+remission+criteria.">Impact of technique on cushing disease outcome using strict remission criteria.</a> Can J Neurol Sci. 40 (3), 334-341 (2013).</li><li>Donegan, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+Outcomes+of+Prolactinomas+in+Recent+Era:+Results+of+a+Heterogenous+Group.">Surgical Outcomes of Prolactinomas in Recent Era: Results of a Heterogenous Group.</a> Endocr Pract. 23 (1), 37-45 (2017).</li><li>Andereggen, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=10-year+follow-up+study+comparing+primary+medical+vs.+surgical+therapy+in+women+with+prolactinomas.">10-year follow-up study comparing primary medical vs. surgical therapy in women with prolactinomas.</a> Endocrine. 55 (1), 223-230 (2017).</li><li>Onnestam, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=National+incidence+and+prevalence+of+TSH-secreting+pituitary+adenomas+in+Sweden.">National incidence and prevalence of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas in Sweden.</a> J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98 (2), 626-635 (2013).</li><li>Malchiodi, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thyrotropin-secreting+pituitary+adenomas:+outcome+of+pituitary+surgery+and+irradiation.">Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: outcome of pituitary surgery and irradiation.</a> J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99 (6), 2069-2076 (2014).</li><li>Yamada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinicopathological+characteristics+and+therapeutic+outcomes+in+thyrotropin-secreting+pituitary+adenomas:+a+single-center+study+of+90+cases.">Clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic outcomes in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a single-center study of 90 cases.</a> J Neurosurg. 121 (6), 1462-1473 (2014).</li></ol>

For fleste hypofysen svulster, er kirurgi fortsatt første-linje behandling ved symptomatisk pasienter19,20. Bare for prolaktin (PRL)-sekresjon adenomer, første-linje behandling er dopamin agonister og kirurgi er valgt sekundært når medisinsk behandling mislykkes21.
Siden introduksjonen av endoskop innen skull base kirurgi i tidlig 90-tallet22,23, har...

Innføring av endoskopisk teknikker til skull base operasjonen har kraftig forbedret resultatene av skull base kirurgi når det brukes i seg selv eller som et supplement til standard Mikrokirurgiske tilnærminger. Endoskopisk endonasal tilnærming ble opprinnelig introdusert for å behandle sellar lesjoner1, men under de to siste tiårene programmene i denne teknikken har utvidet takket være betydelige teknologiske forbedringer og økt kirurgisk erfaring . Endoskopisk tilnærming er nå også brukt for lesjoner av fremre og antero-lateral skull base gjennom utvidet midtlinjen og paramedian tilnærminger. Tilnærminger fra fremre skallen base til odontoid er nå trygt utføres i mange spesialiserte sentre med tilfredsstillende resultater2,3,4,5.
Faktisk, gir endoskop en direkte visualisering av lesjonen gjennom en naturlig tilgang uten å krysse viktig Nevro vaskulære strukturer. Flere anmeldelser har vedvarende sikkerhet og relative fordelene med endoskopisk prosedyrer over tradisjonelle mikroskop-baserte tilnærminger og bekreftet at de store resultatene, som omfanget av svulst resection og endringer i hormonelle nivåer, ikke var forskjellig mellom de to tilnærmingene. Men nevrologiske komplikasjoner, operasjonstid og sykehusinnleggelse lengde, samt pasienter postoperativ ubehag, var betydelig lavere med endoskopisk tilnærming6. Ifølge en provoserende publikasjon, selv mindre erfarne kirurg kan oppnå et lignende resultat med en fullt endoskopisk teknikk som svært erfaren kirurg bruker en mikroskopisk teknikk i en kohort av ikke-fungerende hypofysen adenomer7.
Endoskopisk endonasal trans-sphenoidal tilnærming er faktisk mye anbefalt for sellar lesjoner, selv om det oppstår cavernous sinus invasjon eller suprasellar forlengelsen. Hvis suprasellar forlengelsen er svært viktig, kan en fullt endoskopisk to-trinnvis prosedyre utføres, mens du venter naturlig nedstigningen av rester8. Hvis membranen er svært stramt («midje tegnet"), en Transkraniell tilnærming kan utføres for å løse suprasellar komponent9. Om invasjonen av cavernous sinus, endoskopisk teknikken synes å være overlegen til mikroskopiske teknikker for Knosp klasse 2 og 3 ikke-fungerende hypofysen adenomer10, og endoskopisk endonasal inspeksjon kan hjelpe i å oppdage den invasjonen av cavernous sinus11.
Faktorer som kan hindre en endoskopisk radikale excision er: svulster strekker seg over og lateral arteria supraclinoid interne eller tilstedeværelse av "kysse carotis", en asymmetrisk subfrontal utvidelse, svulster nå foramen av Monro, eller fibrøse svulster invadere omkringliggende cerebral parenchyma9. I disse kompliserte tilfeller kan en kombinert Transkraniell tilnærming bli foreslått til pasienten. Pneumatization av sphenoid sinus er også en viktig faktor i å bestemme muligheten for kirurgi fordi conchal type bihulene gjengi endoskopisk tilnærming mer utfordrende12.
Gjennom sine personlige erfaringer med ca 500 endoskopisk endonasal tilnærminger for hypofysen adenomer beskriver forfatterne her de ulike trinnene av fremgangsmåten for hypofysen svulster. Operasjonen kan deles inn i tre hovedtrinn: en nasal, den sphenoidal og sellar fasen. De utføres gjennom et fullt endoskopisk prosedyre. Kohort her beskrevet inkludert pasienter med micro eller makro-adenomer med filtypen variabel til cavernous sinus, sphenoid sinus eller suprasellar plassen. Både fungerer og ikke-fungerende adenomer ble inkludert.
En fullt endoskopisk prosedyre kan også utføres for en rekke andre lesjoner som craniopharyngiomas, hypofysen metastaser, clival chordomas eller petro-clival meningiomas. Men disse patologi krevde ofte bredere tilnærminger og beskrivelsen av disse variantene går utover målet med dette papiret.
Indikasjon
Fremgangsmåten som er beskrevet her er for hypofysen adenomer (fungerer eller ikke-fungerende). Filtypen suprasellar var ikke en kontraindikasjon for prosedyren, heller var utvidelse eller invasjon av cavernous sinus. Pneumatization av sphenoidal sinus og retningen for septa av sphenoidal sinus ble analysert pre-op CT-skanningen. Retningen på synsnerven og den interne arteria carotis var viktige faktorer for å planlegge den kirurgiske strategien.
Denne kirurgiske teknikken kan også være nyttig for andre svulster ligger i regionen sellar som craniopharyngiomas13, symptomatisk Rathke leppe cyster, hypofysen metastaser14eller lymfomer15. Også andre lesjoner kan være nærmet gjennom endoskopisk tilnærming, som meningiomas av sellar membranen eller sphenoidal planum, meningiomas av petro-clival regionen og clival chordomas5,16, og epidermoid eller dermoid cyster av prepontine sisternen. I disse tilfellene, men er en bredere tilnærming nødvendig.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>The StealthStation surgical navigation system</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>ENT Fusion Software 9733652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-mm 18cm 0&#176; rigid endoscope</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28132AA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-mm 18cm 30&#176; rigid endoscope</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28132BVA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-mm 18cm 45&#176; rigid endoscope</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28132FVA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suction Tube</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164XA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coagulation Cannulas</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164MXB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164BDB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kerrison Bone Punches</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164MKA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kerrison Bone Punches</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164MKB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kerrison Bone Punches</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164MKC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Curettes</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164RN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Curettes</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164RO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Curettes</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164RI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Curettes</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164RG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Curettes</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164GLL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ring Curettes</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164GLR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>de DIVITIS-CAPPABIANCA Scalpels</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Karl Storz</td>
			<td>28164TD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-speed drill</td>
			<td>Midas Rex Medtronic</td>
			<td>1898430</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostatic agent</td>
			<td>Floseal, Baxter</td>
			<td>1503350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrin sealant</td>
			<td>Tisseel, Baxter</td>
			<td>600065</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CT Lightspeed</td>
			<td>GE medical systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carestream Vue PACS</td>
			<td>Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-Tesla Siemens Tim Trio scanner</td>
			<td>Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal approach: minimally invasive surgery for pituitary adenomas

Endoskopisk endonasal trans-sphenoidal kirurgi har blitt gullstandarden for kirurgisk behandling av hypofysen adenomer og mange andre hypofysen lesjoner. Forbedringer i kirurgiske teknikker, teknologiske fremskritt og innlemmelse av neuronavigation har gjort denne kirurgi minimal invasiv. Komplikasjon prisene for denne operasjonen er svært lav mens gode resultater konsekvent oppnås gjennom denne tilnærmingen.
Denne artikkelen fokuserer på den trinnvise kirurgisk tilnærmingen til hypofysen adenomer, som er basert på personlig erfaring, og viser resultatene med denne minimal invasiv kirurgi.

Siden 2009, hypofysen programmet utviklet seg til et punkt der en fullt endoskopisk endonasal tilnærming har vært brukt til behandling av hypofysen svulster med gode postoperativ resultater. 2009-2016, to senior kirurgene (RTD og MM) drives på 473 pasienter med hypofysen adenomer gjennom en full endoskopisk teknikk. Histology er beskrevet i tabell 1: de fleste av disse tilfellene var ikke-fungerende hypofysen adenomer (57%) (Figur 1), ette...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas at JoVE.com

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Målet med denne utredningen er å beskrive de ulike trinnene i endoskopisk endonasal tilnærming til sella turcica.

Endoskopisk Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal tilnærming: Minimal invasiv kirurgi for hypofysen adenomer

Endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas and many other pituitary ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Minimally-invasive Technique for Injection into Rat Optic Nerve

Minimal-invasiv teknikk for Injeksjon i Rat Optic Nerve

The rat optic nerve is a useful model for stem cell regeneration research. Direct injection into the rat optic nerve allows delivery into the central ...

Intramuscular Injections Along the Motor End Plates: A Minimally Invasive Approach to Shuttle Tracers Directly into Motor Neurons

Intramuskulære injeksjoner Langs Motor endeplatene: en minimal invasiv tilnærming til Shuttle Tracers Direkte inn motoriske nerveceller

Diseases affecting the integrity of spinal cord motor neurons are amongst the most debilitating neurological conditions. Over the last decades, the ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Effekter av Transkraniell vekselstrøm stimulering på primære motorisk Cortex av Online kombinert tilnærming med Transkraniell magnetisk stimulering

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish

Sunn hjernen-hypofysen skiver for elektrofysiologiske undersøkelser av hypofysen celler i Teleost fisk

Electrophysiological investigations of pituitary cells have been conducted in numerous vertebrate species, but very few in teleost fish. Among these, the ...

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation

Minimalt invasiv endoskopisk intracerebral blødning evakuering

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high mortality and poor functional outcomes, largely because there are no evidence-based ...

Non-invasive Strategies for Chronic Manipulation of DREADD-controlled Neuronal Activity

Ikke-invasiv strategier for kronisk manipulering av DREADD-kontrollerte neuronal aktivitet

Chemogenetic strategies have emerged as reliable tools for remote control of neuronal activity. Among these, designer receptors exclusively activated by ...

A Minimally Invasive Lesion Technique for Muscles Intrinsic to the Odontophore of Aplysia californica

A Minimally Invasive Lesion Technique for Muscles Intrinsic to the Odontophore of Aplysia californica

En minimal invasiv lesjon teknikk for musklene indre til Odontophore av Aplysia californica

Aplysia californica is a model system for studying the neural control of learning and behavior. This animal has a semi-open circulatory system, making it ...

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Statistisk modellering av kortikale tilkobling ved hjelp av ikke-invasiv Electroencephalograms

Non-invasive electrophysiological recordings are useful for the evaluation of nervous system function. These techniques are inexpensive, fast, replicable, ...

A Revised Surgical Approach to Induce Endolymphatic Hydrops in the Guinea Pig

En revidert kirurgisk tilnærming til indusere endolymphatic hydrops i Marsvin

Endolymphatic hydrops is an enlargement of scala media that is most often associated with Meniere&#39;s disease, though the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) ...

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Rollen diffusjon MR-tractografi i endoskopisk endonasal hodeskalle base kirurgi

Endoscopic endonasal surgery has gained a prominent role in the management of complex skull base tumors. It allows the resection of a large group of ...