Name: selection-dependent and independent generation of crispr/cas9-mediated gene knockouts in mammalian cells
Uploaded: 2017-06-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells at JoVE.com

저자는 Gissell Sanchez, Megan Lee 및 Jason Estep을 실험 지원을 위해, Weifeng Gu와 Xuemei Chen은 시약 공유에 대해 인정하고 싶습니다.

1. 바람직한 제거 주위의 상 동성 영역의 동정 참고 : 선택 기반 편집을 사용하는 경우에만 필요합니다. <ol><li> HDR 템플릿 ( 그림 1A )에서 상 동성 암 역할을 원하는 원하는 deletecus의 양쪽에 두 개의 영역, 처음 1.5-2 킬로바이트를 선택합니다. 복제를 용이하게하기 위해 두 가닥 (BsGI)에서 BsaI 인식 부위가 부족한 부위를 확인하십시오 (GGTCTC). BsaI 사이트가...

<ol>
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CRISPR / Cas9 시스템은 다른 일시적인 조작 방법에 대한보다 일관된 대안을 제공하는 안정한 게놈 변형의 효율적인 생성을 가능하게했다. 여기, 우리는 포유 동물 세포 라인에서 CRISPR / Cas9 유전자 녹아웃의 신속한 식별을위한 두 가지 방법을 제시했습니다. 두 가지 방법 모두 세포질이 거의 필요하지 않으므로 클론 배양의 초기 단계에서 시험을 수행하여 시간과 시약을 절약 할 수 있습니다. 두 가?...

<html> 안정한 유전 적 변형은 일시적인 세포 섭동 (perturbation)의 방법보다 이점을 제공하는데, 이는 효율성과 지속 기간이 가변적 일 수 있습니다. 게놈 편집은 징크 핑거 핵산 분해 효소 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 전사 활성제 유사 이펙터 핵산 효소 (TALENs) 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 와 같은 표적 특이 적 뉴 클레아 제의 개발로 인해 최근에 점점 더 보편화되고있다. (CRISPR) 시스템 10 에서 유래 된 RNA 유도 뉴 클레아 제를 포함한다. CRISPR / Cas9 편집 기계는 박테리아와 고세균이 바이러스 감염을 막기 위해 사용하는 면역계로부터 변형되었습니다.ass = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 11 , 12 , 13 . 이 과정에서, 침입 바이러스 서열의 짧은 20-30nt 단편이 반복 단위 14 , 15 에 의해 둘러싸인 &quot;스페이서&quot;로서 게놈 궤적에 편입된다. 후속 전사 및 RNA 프로세싱은 trans-activating crRNA 17 (tracrRNA)과 함께 작동 자 Cas9 엔도 뉴 클레아 제와 함께 조립되는 작은 CRISPR- 관련 RNAs 16 (crRNA)을 생성한다. 따라서 crRNA는 Cas9 표적화에 대한 특이성을 제공하고, 상보적인 바이러스 DNA 서열을 절단하고 추가 감염을 예방하기 위해 복합체를 유도한다 18 , 19 . 표적 DNA에있는 어떤 &quot;protospacer&quot;서열이라도 짧은 protospacer 인접 모티프 (PAM), S. pyogenes Casg의 경우 NGG에 직접 5 &#39;있는 한, crRNA의 원천이 될 수있다 <sup class = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 20. 숙주의 CRISPR 궤적의 스페이서 근처에 PAM 서열이 없다는 것은 자기와 비 - 자기를 구별하여 숙주의 표적화를 방지한다. 이 생물학적 시스템은 보편성과 유연성으로 인해 거의 모든 PAM 인접 DNA 사이트를 타겟팅 할 수 있도록 게놈 편집에 강력하게 적응했습니다. 이 버전에서는 추가 변경으로 crRNA와 tracrRNA를 Cas9 단백질 21 에로드되는 단일 가이드 RNA (sgRNA) 성분으로 융합시켰다. 진핵 세포에서 Cas9와 sgRNA의 발현시, Cas9 단백질은 표적 유전자좌에서 두 DNA 가닥을 절단한다. 상 동성 서열의 적당한 영역이없는 경우, 세포는 전형적으로 작은 결실 또는 드물게 삽입을 유도하는 비 - 상 동성 말단 결합 (NHEJ) 22 , 23 , 24 를 통해 이러한 단절을 고정시킨다. 공개를 타겟팅 할 때판독 프레임에서, 수리는 비 기능성 단백질 생성물을 생성하는 번역적인 골격 이동을 유발할 수있다. 대조적으로, 큰 상 동성 영역을 갖는 외인성 템플레이트가 제공 될 때, 세포는 상 동성 지시에 의한 보수에 의해 이중 가닥 절단을 고칠 수있다 25 , 26 . 이 경로는 excisable 선택 마커 27 도입과 함께 게놈에서 더 큰 정확한 삭제, 교체 또는 삽입을 허용합니다. 여기, 우리는 두 가지 CRISPR / Cas9 방법 ( 그림 1A ) 중 하나에 의해 녹아웃 세포 라인을 생성하기위한 프로토콜을 제시합니다. NHEJ 접근법은 단일 sgRNA 절단 사이트 및 선발 독립 스크리닝을 사용하므로 초기 준비가 거의 필요하지 않습니다. 이 방법을 사용할 때 녹아웃을 생성 할 가능성이 가장 높은 전사 인자의 5 &#39;말단 근처에있는 엑손과 상보적인 RNA를 고안해야합니다. 수정 이후이 경우 게놈에 대한 이온은 작으며, 녹아웃 클론을 스크리닝하는 것은 도트 블롯을 기반으로하며, 여기서 단백질 생산물은 고효율 방식으로 평가됩니다. 우리는 ELAV와 유사한 1 단백질 (ELAVL1) 녹아웃 라인을 예로 들어 사용합니다. 두 번째 접근법은 homology directed repair (HDR)에 의존하고 관심있는 유전자 또는 관심 영역에 걸친 2 개의 sgRNA 절단 부위를 사용하여 수십 kb의 결실을 허용합니다. 절단 부위의 측면에 위치하는 두 개의 상 동성 영역을 갖는 플라스미드는 녹아웃 생성의 효율을 증가시키는 선택 가능한 저항 마커를 도입하는 대체 주형 ( 도 1b )을 제공한다. 이 방법은 적절하게 설계된 상 동성 암으로 유전자 변형을 도입하는 데에도 적용될 수있다. 이 경우 새로운 DNA 단편을 통합하면 PCR 기반의 스크리닝이 가능합니다 ( 그림 1C ). 여기에서는 Pumilio RNA binding family member 2 (PUM2) knockout line의 생성을 예로 사용합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="740">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:227px;">Competent E. coli cells</td>
			<td style="width:95px;"></td>
			<td style="width:120px;"></td>
			<td style="width:299px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">plasmid prep kit</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pSpCas9(BB) plasmid</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>42230</td>
			<td>Ran et al 2013, cloning sgRNAs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">BbsI enzyme</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>FD1014</td>
			<td>Ran et al 2013, cloning sgRNAs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">T7 DNA ligase</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>M0318L</td>
			<td>Ran et al 2013, cloning sgRNAs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tango Buffer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>BY5</td>
			<td>Ran et al 2013, cloning sgRNAs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PlasmidSafe exonuclease</td>
			<td>Epicentre</td>
			<td>E3105K</td>
			<td>Ran et al 2013, cloning sgRNAs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Q5 hot start high fidelity polymerase</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>M0494A</td>
			<td>HA amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pUC19-BsaI</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Modified pUC19 plasmid, mutated existing BsaI site and inserted two outward facing BsaI sites after BamHI/EcoRI digestion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pGolden-Neo</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>51422</td>
			<td>Resistance cassette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pGolden-Hygro</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>51423</td>
			<td>Resistance cassette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">BsaI enzyme</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>R3535S</td>
			<td>Homology arm contruction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">T7 DNA ligase</td>
			<td>NEB</td>
			<td>M0318L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PlasmidSafe exonuclease</td>
			<td>Epicentre</td>
			<td>E3105K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Toothpicks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>bacterial PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Taq polymerase</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>bacterial colony PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEK293 human cells</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>10-013-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FBS</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>MT35010CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Penicillin-Strep (opt.)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6 well plates</td>
			<td>BioLite</td>
			<td>12556004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TransIT-LTI Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Mirus</td>
			<td>MIR2300</td>
			<td>for lipofection only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Opti-MEM</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>31985062</td>
			<td>for lipofection only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">G418 (Neomycin)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A1720-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hygromycin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3274-250MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96 well plates</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>12556008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;">Passive Lysis Buffer, 5x</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;">1xSDS loading buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>recipe decribed in protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nitrocellulose Membrane</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>162-0115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TBST</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>recipe decribed in protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dehydrated milk</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">SuperSignal West Dura Extended Duration Substrate</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>34075</td>
			<td>for HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Extracta DNA prep for PCR</td>
			<td>Quantabio</td>
			<td>95091-025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">KOD polymerase</td>
			<td>Novagen</td>
			<td>71316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

selection-dependent and independent generation of crispr/cas9-mediated gene knockouts in mammalian cells

CRISPR / Cas9 게놈 공학 시스템은 적은 노력으로 정확한 게놈 편집을 가능하게함으로써 생물학에 혁명을 일으켰습니다. 특이성을 부여하는 단일 가이드 RNA (sgRNA)에 의해 유도 된 Cas9 단백질은 표적 유전자좌에서 DNA 가닥 둘 모두를 절단합니다. DNA가 끊어지면 NHEJ (homologous end joining) 또는 homology directed repair (HDR)가 유발 될 수 있습니다. NHEJ는 프레임 변이 돌연변이를 유도하는 작은 결실 또는 삽입을 도입 할 수있는 반면, HDR은 더 크고 더 정확한 섭동을 허용한다. 여기, 우리는 다운 스트림 선택 / 스크리닝을위한 두 가지 옵션으로 설립 CRISPR / Cas9 방법을 결합하여 녹아웃 세포 라인을 생성하기위한 프로토콜을 제시합니다. NHEJ 접근법은 하나의 sgRNA 절단 사이트와 선택에 의존하지 않는 스크리닝을 사용하며, 단백질 생산은 도트 면역 블롯 (dot immunoblot)으로 높은 처리량 방식으로 평가됩니다. HDR 접근법은 관심있는 유전자를 스팬하는 2 개의 sgRNA 절단 부위를 사용합니다. 제공된 HDR 템플릿과 함께이 메소드는 삭제를 수행 할 수 있습니다.삽입 된 선택 저항 마커의 도움을 받아 수십 kb의 적절한 방법과 각 방법의 장점에 대해 설명합니다.

ELAVL1 knockout line을 생성하기 위해 강력한 항체를 사용할 수 있었으므로 단일 sgRNA ( 그림 1A , 왼쪽)를 사용하여 편집 한 다음 도트 면역 블롯을 수행했습니다. 3 개의 sgRNA를 독립적으로 트랜 스펙 션하여 효율을 비교하고 결과 클론에서 표적 효과를 배제했습니다. clonal population으로부터 2 개의 nitrocellulose membrane으로 세포 용 해물을 채취하고 blotting 한 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells at JoVE.com

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

체세포를 유 전적으로 조작하는 능력의 최근 진보는 기본 및 응용 연구에 큰 가능성을 안겨줍니다. 여기, 우리는 선택 마커의 사용 여부에 관계없이 포유류 세포주에서 CRISP / Cas9 생성 녹아웃 생산 및 스크리닝을위한 두 가지 접근법을 제시한다.

포유류 세포에서 CRISPR / Cas9 매개 유전자 knockouts의 선택 의존 및 독립적 생성

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering system has revolutionized biology by allowing for precise genome editing with little effort. Guided by a single guide ...

The goal of this procedure is to isolate and identify clonal knockout cell lines generated by two types of CRIPSR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. One method detects protein knockout caused by nonhomologous end joining while the other detects genomic perturbations generated by homology-directed repair. This method is particularly useful in the field of molecular biology, where generation of cell lines with genetic perturbations is an important tool in dissecting gene function.The main advantage of this technique is that it is a quick and relatively high-throughput method that can be easily executed using basic molecular biology techniques. Nonhomologous end joining introduces small deletions or insertions, and are assessed by a dot immunoblot, while homology-directed repair allows for larger and more precise perturbations, and are assessed by colony PCR. This experiment uses T-REx-293 cells cultured in DMEM media, supplemented with 10%FBS at 37 degrees Celsius, and 5%carbon dioxide.Prior to transvection, plate the cells onto six well plates and include a well for an untransvected control. Grow the cells to approximately 70%confluency. Transvect the cells with 2.5 micrograms of total plasmid using a commercial transvection protocol.For transvection of cells without selection, use 2.5 micrograms of Cas9-sgRNA plasmid. For transvection of cells with selection, use 0.75 micrograms of Cas9-sgRNA1, 0.75 micrograms of Cas9-sgRNA2, and one microgram of homologous recombination template. Incubate the transvected cells and the untransvected control at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 48 hours.For cells transvected with selection, begin the drug selection by treating the cells with the appropriate drug, which is Neomycin in this case. Return the six-well plate to the incubator. Observe the treated cells once a day to check for rates of cell death, until all cells in the untransvected control die.To isolate clonal populations, first grow the cells to 100%confluency in the original well after selection. Next make serial dilutions of the cells and count the cells. Since the proper generation of monoclonal colonies is key to obtaining a full knockout, care must be taken to determine the correct dilution for seating cells at the desired density.Once the correct dilution has been determined, seat the cells into 96-well plates at a density of 0.33 cells per well. Seating three 96=well plates is a good starting point to ensure isolation of more than one correct clone. Over a two-to-four week period, observe the colonies until colonies are visible to the eye.These representative images show colonies at different stages of growth. A single cell at seating, cells at day five, and a well-established colony at day 10. Using a sterile pipette tip, pick visible colonies with care and precision, and reseat in new wells to encourage monolayer growth.Continue growing the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide. Knockout candidates without selection are screened by dot immunoblot to assess the protein product in a high-throughput manner. After growing individual clones to 50 to 100%confluency, dislodge the monolayer of cells by pipetting within the well.Aliquot 90 microliters of the 100 microliter total volume from each well to a clean microcentrifuge tube. For the purposes of this video, only two samples will be processed. Spin down at 6, 000 RPM for five minutes, remove the media, and lyse the cell pallet in 10 microliters of 1X SDS loading buffer.Add 90 microliters of new media to the remainder of the cells in the well, and return the plate to the incubator to continue propagating the cells. Pipette one microliter of cell lysate onto a dry nitrocellulose membrane to form a dot. Blot each sample twice on two separate membranes, creating two identical patterns of samples.Block the membranes in 5%milk in TBST at room temperature, with rocking, for one hour. After one hour, blot the membranes with primary antibodies at the recommended primary antibody dilution, and TBST plus 5%milk. On one membrane use the primary antibody against the target protein, ELAVL1 in this experiment.On the other membrane, use the primary antibody for a control protein that is not expected to change, PUM2 is used here. Incubate at room temperature for one hour. Remove the primary antibody solution from each blot, add TBST, and incubate for five minutes.In this manner, wash the blots three times with TBST. Next, add to each membrane the appropriate HRP conjugated secondary antibody, and blot at room temperature for one hour. After one hour, wash the membranes three times with TBST for five minutes each time.Apply a chemiluminescent substrate solution to the blots, following the manufacturer's instructions, and image the blotted membranes on a digital chemiluminescence imager. Lastly, quantify dot intensities for the target and control proteins using the appropriate software, and analyze the results as described in the text protocol. Candidates with the selectable resistance marker are screened by colony PCR.Begin this procedure by duplicating individual colonies in a new 96-well plate, and growing them to 100%confluency for preparation of cell lysates. Remove the media from one set of the clones, resuspend the cells from each well in 30 microliters of extraction buffer from a commercial DNA preparation kit, and transfer to a clean 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube. Heat the solution to 96 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes, and then let cool to room temperature.Add 30 microliters of stabilization buffer to each microcentrifuge tube and mix well. To identify wild-type and monoallelic or biallelic mutant lines by colony PCR, design two separate sets of PCR primers to amplify regions around the homology arms based on either successful or unsuccessful integration of the resistance cassette. On each side, use a common primer that anneals outside of the homology arm.To test for the wild-type allele, use the common primer with the corresponding paired primer that is complementary to the endogenous sequence spanning the homology region. To test for the desired mutation, use the common primer with another paired primer, complementary to the inserted resistance cassette. For each sample to be tested, prepare a reaction mixture containing the following, 0.5 microliters of cell lysate, 1.25 microliters of 10X KOD buffer, 0.75 microliters of 25 millimolar magnesium sulfate, 1.25 microliters of two millimolar dNTPs, 0.375 microliters of forward primer, 0.375 microliters of reverse primer, 0.25 microliters of KOD polymerase, and 7.75 microliters of water.Perform PCR using the following conditions, 95 degrees Celsius for two minutes, followed by 25 cycles of 95 degree Celsius for 20 seconds, primer melting temperature for 10 seconds, and 70 degrees Celsius for 20 seconds per KB.Subsequently, visualize the PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. Genome editing using non-homologous end joining was performed to generate ELAVL1 knockout lines followed by dot immunoblot, probing for ELAVL1 and PUM2. Clones that displayed little control signal were marked with an X, and excluded from further analysis.Clones with low ELAVL1 signals were further tested by western blot. Confirmed candidates are indicated in green, and invalidated candidates are indicated in gray. This graphic shows the ratios of ELAVL1 to control protein signal in increasing order.In most cases, clonal populations with the lowest relative ELAVL1 signal were correctly identified as knockouts. Candidates generated by the homology directed repair method were screened by colony PCR, and the PCR products visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Shown are example results using primers spanning the upstream integration junction using endogenous inside primers and knockout inside primers.Primers were first validated in both parental cells and bulk selected cells. Results from 24 individual candidate clones are shown together with the expected band patters for wild-type, knockout, and monoallelic deletion clones. The black arrows indicate the correct amplification products, stars indicate biallelic knockout clones.The biallelic mutant lines were further validated by western blot. Nonhomologous end joining uses a single Cas9 cut and selection-independent screening, thus requiring little up-front preparation, and screening for knockout clones by dot blots can quickly determine if a knockout generation was successful. PCR-based screening accurately detects correct candidates with large genomic perturbations generated by homology-directed repair.These techniques enable researchers in molecular biology to easily and efficiently identify knockouts, allowing them to explore normal or dysfunctional cellular processes using cell lines. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate and identify clonal knockout cell lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing.

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

양육 및 숨기기 비틀에 RNA 매개 유전자 최저를 두 번 좌초,<em&gt; Dermestes maculatus</em

Advances in genomics have raised the possibility of probing biodiversity at an unprecedented scale. However, sequence alone will not be informative ...

연구

유전학

Using a Fluorescent PCR-capillary Gel Electrophoresis Technique to Genotype CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout Mutants in a High-throughput Format

CRISPR을 유전자형하기 위해 형광 PCR-모세관 젤 전기 영동 기술을 사용 / 높은 처리량 형식으로 녹아웃 돌연변이를 Cas9 매개

The development of programmable genome-editing tools has facilitated the use of reverse genetics to understand the roles specific genomic sequences play ...

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

점 돌연변이 수리 CRISPR/Cas9 및 SsODN 인간 세포에 의해 촉매의 기능으로 현지 변이 검사 하는 표준 방법론

Combinatorial gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded oligonucleotides is an effective strategy for the correction of single-base point ...

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

유전자 교란 mutans 연쇄 상 구 균 긴장 없이 유전자 복제의 생성

Typical methods for the elucidation of the function of a particular gene involve comparative phenotypic analyses of the wild-type strain and a strain in ...

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy

CRISPR/Cas9-중재 대상된 통합에서 Vivo에서 Homology 중재 끝에 합류 기반 전략을 사용 하 여

As a promising genome editing platform, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has great potential for efficient genetic manipulation, especially for targeted integration ...

A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells

CRISPR/Cas9-중재 유전자 녹아웃 셀 분할에 대 한 Integrase 불충분 한 Lentiviral 벡터의 생산을 위한 프로토콜

Lentiviral vectors are an ideal choice for delivering gene-editing components to cells due to their capacity for stably transducing a broad range of cells ...

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

효율적인 생산 및 모델 시스템 Danio rerio 에 유전자 녹아웃 식별의 CRISPR/Cas9 생성

Characterization of the clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system of Streptococcus pyogenes has enabled the development ...

Adaptation of Hybridization Capture of Chromatin-associated Proteins for Proteomics to Mammalian Cells

교 잡의 적응 포유류 세포 단백질 Chromatin 관련 단백질의 캡처

The hybridization capture of chromatin-associated proteins for proteomics (HyCCAPP) technology was initially developed to uncover novel DNA-protein ...

Formaldehyde-assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements to Measure Chromatin Accessibility in Mammalian Cells

포유류 세포에 측정 Chromatin 접근 규제 요소의 포 름 알 데히드 기반 격리

Appropriate gene expression in response to extracellular cues, that is, tissue- and lineage-specific gene transcription, critically depends on highly ...

Highly Efficient Gene Disruption of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9에 의해 Murine 인간과 조 혈 조상 세포의 고효율 유전자 장애

Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. ...