Name: isolation of human myoblasts, assessment of myogenic differentiation, and store-operated calcium entry measurement
Uploaded: 2017-07-26T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement at JoVE.com

この作品は、スイス国立科学財団（助成金番号310030-166313）、「ファンデーションスイスの病気を治癒させる」、「Foundation Marcel Levaillant」、「Fondation pour la rechercheostéo-articulaire」のサポートを受けました。

健康な患者の整形外科手術中に、手術用の廃棄物としてヒトの筋肉サンプル（半腱腱筋から採取した組織）を採取した。ヒト研究に関連するすべての方法は、スイスの規制当局のガイドラインと規制に従って実施され、スイスのジュネーブ条約当局（CER番号12-259プロトコル）からの欧州委員会Cantonale d&#39;Ethique de la Recherche 。インフォームドコンセントと書面による同意は、研究に関わるすべ...

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T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orai1-dependent+calcium+entry+promotes+skeletal+muscle+growth+and+limits+fatigue.">Orai1-dependent calcium entry promotes skeletal muscle growth and limits fatigue.</a> Nat Commun. 4, 2805 (2013).</li><li>Konig, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+hyperpolarization+triggers+myogenin+and+myocyte+enhancer+factor-2+expression+during+human+myoblast+differentiation.">Membrane hyperpolarization triggers myogenin and myocyte enhancer factor-2 expression during human myoblast differentiation.</a> J Biol Chem. 279 (27), 28187-28196 (2004).</li><li>Crisan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+perivascular+origin+for+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+multiple+human+organs.">A perivascular origin for mesenchymal stem cells in multiple human organs.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3 (3), 301-313 (2008).</li><li>Bigot, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-Associated+Methylation+Suppresses+SPRY1,+Leading+to+a+Failure+of+Re-quiescence+and+Loss+of+the+Reserve+Stem+Cell+Pool+in+Elderly+Muscle.">Age-Associated Methylation Suppresses SPRY1, Leading to a Failure of Re-quiescence and Loss of the Reserve Stem Cell Pool in Elderly Muscle.</a> Cell Rep. 13 (6), 1172-1182 (2015).</li><li>Bettadapur, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+Culture+of+Aligned+Skeletal+Myotubes+on+Micromolded+Gelatin+Hydrogels.">Prolonged Culture of Aligned Skeletal Myotubes on Micromolded Gelatin Hydrogels.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 28855 (2016).</li><li>Darbellay, B., Arnaudeau, S., Bader, C. 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成体骨格筋由来のヒト筋芽細胞の単離および培養は、筋肉分化および筋肉再生を研究するインビトロモデルを提供する。この論文では、高収量のヒト筋芽細胞の精製を簡単かつ低コストな方法で可能にするプロトコールを提供する。さらに、この技術は、単離された筋芽細胞の割合および筋原性分化効率に関して、信頼性の高い再現性のある結果を提供する。?...

ヒト骨格筋は、筋原性前駆細胞の融合から生じる収縮性多核筋繊維の群からなる。骨格筋は、筋繊維（筋帯）の原形質膜と基底板との間に位置する骨格筋幹細胞であるSCの存在により、損傷後に再生する能力を有する。損傷を受けていない筋肉では、SCはほとんどが静止状態にある。機械的ストレスまたは損傷に応答して、SCが活性化（筋芽細胞）となって増殖し、SCプール1、2を補充する新しい筋線維または自己複製を形成するために、どちらかの分化を受けます。長年にわたり、SCおよびその子孫、筋芽細胞を骨格筋生検から単離するためのいくつかの技術が開発された。これらの細胞上で発現される細胞表面マーカーおよび蛍光活性化細胞選別（FACS） 3の方法論のより深い理解により、4、5、筋肉サンプルからヒト筋芽細胞の純粋な集団を単離することが可能です。 カルシウムシグナリングは、骨格筋の発達、ホメオスタシス、および再生を調節する。特に、SOCEと呼ばれる細胞内貯蔵枯渇後に活性化されるCa 2+流入は、これらのプロセスにとって非常に重要である6 。細胞刺激により、エンドソー/筋小胞体（ER / SR）におけるCa 2+レベルが減少し、それにより、ER / SR 7を補充するためにCa 2+流入を可能にする原形質膜Ca 2+チャネルが活性化される。 SOCEに関与する2つの主なタンパク質は、ER / SR Ca 2+感知間質相互作用分子1（STIM1）タンパク質および原形質膜Ca 2+チャネルOrai1である。骨格筋は、これらの2つのタンパク質ならびに同じファミリーの他のタンパク質を豊富に発現する（STIM2 aND Orai2-ORAI3）8,9及び一過性受容体電位カノニカル（TRPC）ファミリー10、11、12、13のいくつかのCa 2+チャネル-permeable。 SOCE経路を通じたCa 2+流入は、筋形成/再生14にとって非常に重要である。 STIM1またはOrai1タンパク質の変異は、筋機能に有害な影響を与え、主に筋緊張低下につながる15 。 SOCE障害を有する動物モデルはまた、強化された疲労性6、16、17と一緒に、減少した筋肉量と力を表示します。前述したように、他のSTIMタンパク質およびOraiタンパク質ならびに多くのTRPCチャネルは、骨格筋において発現され、それらのそれぞれの役割はこれまで決定されていない。ノックすることでdそれらの発現レベルを所有しているので、ヒトの骨格筋分化中のSOCEおよびそれらの役割におけるそれらの影響を調べることが可能である。 SOCE測定は、電気生理学的電流記録およびCa 2+測定の2つの異なるアプローチを用いて行うことができる。電気生理学は、関心のある電流およびそれに関連する電気生理学的特徴を測定するので、確かに直接的な方法である。しかしながら、この技術は、主に筋肉細胞のサイズが大きく、内因性SOCE電流が小さいため、筋肉細胞に適用することは非常に困難である。サイトゾルCa 2+イメージングは​​技術的に非常にアクセス可能ですが、サイトゾルで測定されたCa 2+レベルはCa 2+の流入と細胞または内部貯蔵庫からの再ポンピングの両方を反映するので、測定はより間接的です。 ヒト骨格の小片から筋芽細胞を単離することを含む方法論この論文では、酵素消化、増幅、およびFACS後の筋肉を説明します。時間の経過に伴う分化マーカーの発現に続く筋肉分化および免疫蛍光プロトコールのプロセスが記載されている18 。最後に、SOCEの測定およびCa 2+シグナル伝達および骨格筋分化における異なるイオンチャネルの役割について説明する。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="944">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Ham&#8217;s F10</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">31550-023</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">FCS</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">10270-106</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Lot 41G5532K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">O5482</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">fetuin</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">F3385</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">EGF</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">354001</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Dexamethansone</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">D1756</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Insulin</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">I9278</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Creatine</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">27900</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">P4562</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Uridine</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">U3003</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Gentamycin</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">15710-049</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Trypsin-EDTA 0.05%</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">25300-062</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">70 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">352350</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">40 &#956;m cell strainer</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">352340</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Falcon 50&#160;ml tube</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">352070</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Falcon 15&#160;ml tube</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">352096</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Falcon 5&#160;ml tube (FACS)</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">352058</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Culture medium: OPTI-MEM</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">31985-047</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Transfectant reagnt: RNAiMax</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">1756064</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">14190-094</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mounting medium</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">10981</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti-MyHC *</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">DSHB</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">MF20&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">concentrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti-myogenin</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmigen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">556358</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Rabbit anti-MEF2</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Santa Cruz Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">C-21</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Goat anti-mouse Alexa488</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">A11029</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Goat anti-rabbit Alexa 546</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">A11035</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti human CD56-Alexa488</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">557699</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti human CD146-PECy7</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">562135</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti human CD45-PE-CF594</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">562279</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti human CD34-APC</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">345804</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Mouse anti human CD144-PE</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">560410</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Alexa Fluor 488 mouse IgG1k</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">557702</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">PECy7 mouse IgG1k</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">557872</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">PE-CF594 mouse IgG1k</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">562292</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">APC mouse IgG1k</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">550854</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">PE mouse IgG1k</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">556650</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:321px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">D9542</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">CAUTION:&#160; toxic compound</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">762400</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Fura-2 AM</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">F1201</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">Pluronic F-127</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">P3000MP</td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:321px;">Thapsigargin</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">T9033</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">CAUTION&#160;: toxic compound&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:321px;">Ratio imaging acquisition software: Metafluor 6.3</td>
			<td style="width:235px;">Molecular Device</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td colspan="2" height="24" style="height:24px;">*&#160;: MF 20 was deposited to the DSHB by Fischman, D.A.&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of human myoblasts, assessment of myogenic differentiation, and store-operated calcium entry measurement

衛星細胞（SC）は、筋線維の原形質膜と周囲の基底層との間に位置する筋幹細胞である。彼らは筋肉の再生に不可欠です。骨格筋において頻繁に起こる傷害の際に、SCが活性化される。それらは筋芽細胞として増殖し、筋肉病変を修復するために分化する。筋肉分化の間に起こる多くの事象の中で、サイトゾルCa 2+シグナルは非常に重要である。これらのCa 2+シグナルは、細胞内空間、特に貯蔵操作Ca 2+エントリー（SOCE）からのCa 2+流入と同様に、内部Ca 2+貯蔵からのCa 2+放出から生じる。この論文では、整形外科手術後に収集された筋肉サンプルからヒト筋芽細胞の純粋な集団を得るために使用される方法論について説明する。組織を機械的および酵素的に消化し、細胞を増幅させ、次いで、細胞の特異的存在に基づいてフローサイトメトリーによって選別するfic膜マーカー。得られた後、ヒト筋芽細胞を増殖させ、培地から増殖因子を除去することによって分化することを約束する。特異的転写因子の発現レベルおよびin vitro免疫蛍光を用いて、対照条件下で、およびCa 2+シグナル伝達に関与するタンパク質をサイレンシングした後の筋形成分化プロセスを評価する。最後に、信頼できる再現性のあるSOCEの測定値を提供するレシオメトリックなCa 2+プローブとしてのFura-2の使用について詳しく説明します。

ヒト筋肉試料の酵素的解離の後、細胞はGMで増幅された。 CD56 + / CD146 + / CD45- / CD34- / CD144-細胞と定義されるヒト筋芽細胞は、FACS後に得られた。筋芽細胞は分析された集団の60％以上を占めていた（ 図1 ）。初代ヒト筋芽細胞を再播種し、コンフルエントになるまで増殖させ、DM中で48時間培養した。転写因子MEF2および筋肉特異的タンパク質ミオシン重鎖（MyHC）の発現の?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement at JoVE.com

Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement

ここでは、成人の筋肉組織からのヒト筋芽細胞の純粋な集団を得るための方法を説明する。これらの細胞は、in vitro骨格筋分化を研究するため、特にCa 2+シグナル伝達に関与するタンパク質を研究するために使用される。

ヒト筋芽細胞の単離、筋分化の評価、および貯蔵操作カルシウムエントリー測定

Satellite cells (SC) are muscle stem cells located between the plasma membrane of muscle fibers and the surrounding basal lamina. They are essential for ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to obtain a pure population of human myoblasts from adult skeletal muscle. These cells are used for functional studies such as assessment of myogenic differentiation and measurement of store-operated calcium entry. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows a rapid, simple and reproducible isolation of human primary myoblasts.These myoblasts are the new ex-vivo to study the calcium signaling during muscle regeneration. This method can help answer key questions in the muscle field such as, identifying the ionic channels and the transcription factors involved during muscle differentiation. For this method can provide insight into gene functions during human myogenic differentiation.It can also be applied to other studies such as, potential for using myogenic stem cells to treat muscular dystrophies. Transfer the muscle sample into a sterile six centimeter plate, wash the sample with PBS twice. Remove any remaining adipose tissue and weigh the sample.Next, add trypsin and mince the muscle into pieces smaller than two millimeters in size. Once minced, use a 10 milliliter pipette to transfer the tissue into a 200 milliliter dissociation bottle containing a stir bar, then continue collecting minced tissue in trypsin solution until the dissociation bottle is filled to 90 milliliters. Now, incubate the tissue in a water bath at 37 degrees celsius for 60 minutes with gentle stirring.After an hour, add 10 milliliters of FCS to stop the reaction and homogenize the mixture using trituration. Now, load 70 micron strainers onto two 50 milliliter tubes and pass half of the cell suspension through each strainer by pipetting the suspension into the filters. Next, make a suspension of the cells in growth medium and plate 200, 000 cells onto six centimeter plates with four milliliters of medium.Incubate the plates, changing the medium every third day. After five to seven days, the cells should be 70%to 80%confluent, then, stain them. To begin, rinse the plate of confluent cells with PBS.Then, add one milliliter of trypsin solution and let the enzyme work for three minutes. Stop the reaction by adding two milliliters of medium and collect the cells in a 15 milliliter tube. Then, spin the cells down and re-suspend them in one milliliter of medium.Next, take a cell count while storing the cells on ice. For the facts analysis, load seven tubes with 100, 000 cells each. Load the remaining cells into an eighth tube for sorting.Wash the cells with one milliliter of cold fax buffer, then, centrifuge the tubes and aspirate and discard the supernatant. Add back 200 microliters of fax buffer with the appropriate antibodies and let the cells incubate on ice for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, wash the cells again and re-suspend them in 500 microliters of fax buffer, then sort the cells using a flow cytometer.After excluding the CD45 positive hematopoietic cells, separate the CD45 negative cells based on CD56 expression. Then, gate the CD56 positive population for CD34, CD144 and CD146. Re-analyse a fraction of the sorted population, to check the purity.Now, pull the human myoblasts and wash them with five milliliters of medium. Then re-suspend them in one milliliter of medium. Transfer the suspension to a six centimeter plate with four milliliters of medium and incubate the plate at 37 degrees celsius with 7%carbon dioxide.For this procedure, have cultured myoblasts and make fresh transvection medium. Incubate the medium at room temperature for 15 to 20 minutes. During the medium incubation, prepare the myoblasts.First, rinse them once with PBS. Then, trypsinise the adherent cells. Stop the reaction by adding two milliliters of medium.Then, collection the cells into a 50 milliliter tube. Spin them down and re-suspend them in one milliliter of medium. For each transvection, prepare 500, 000 cells in 200 microliters of medium.To each 500 microliters of transvection medium, add a 200 microliter aliquot of cells and then mix using only two strokes of the pipette gun. Then, let the reactions proceed for five minutes at room temperature. After five minutes, transfer the reactions to 3.5 centimeter culture dishes, each containing one glass cover slip.Next, add 1.3 milliliters of medium for a final volume of two milliliters and incubate the dishes. After 48 hours of differentiation, the cells can be immunostained or analyzed using calcium imaging. For either option, first carefully wash the cells twice using one milliliter of room temperature PBS to wash.Try to avoid detaching the myotubes. For a calcium imaging, cover the washed cells with two micromolar fura-2 AM plus one micromolar threonic acid in calcium containing medium. Then, let them incubate for about 30 minutes before mixing.Next, wash the cells twice with unmodified calcium containing medium and then, incubate them for 10 to 15 minutes for the esterification. Now, remove the cover slip from a culture plate and install it into the experimental chamber. Load the chamber with calcium containing medium, place it under a microscope, then, start the data recording.Fura-2 is excited alternately at 340 and 380 nanometers. The emission light is collected at 510 nanometers. Diving the 340 nanometer nanometer images by the 380 images, provides the image ratios as the fluctuations and calcium concentration are relatively low, acquire one image ratio every two seconds.After two or three minutes, replace the medium with calcium free medium. Then, for one or two minutes, monitor the activity of the store operated calcium in the cells. Next, add one micromolar thapsigargin to the cells to deplete their internal calcium stores.Wait eight to 10 minutes, then, rapidly replace the medium with the calcium containing medium and record for five minutes while calcium enters the cells via the suc e channels. After terminating the experiment, analyze the images. Select an area where there are no cells for region one, which defines the background, then, select an area in the cytoplasm for region two.The two regions can be drawn on any of the images in the series. Next, go to the run experiments tab and select reference images for the 340 and 380 channels, select region one, then click on subtract background. Now, run the entire experiment to remove the background from all the images.Once completed, click log data option to open a spreadsheet in which the time and the ratio data are logged. Muscle cells were grown up, expanded and sorted using fax. Myoblasts represented more than 60%of the analyzed population.The primary human myoblasts were then cultured in differentiation medium and immunostained for the transcription factor of MEF2 and myosin heavy chain proteins. A majority of cells expressed myosin heavy chain and formed myotubes with fusion index values of about 60%the other 40%of the cells remained undifferentiated mononucleated cells, also known as reserve cells. The described store operated calcium entry experiment were successfully performed on the differentiated cells.Performing the same experiment to on cells transvected with small interfering RNA, directed against calcium permeable channels of the TRPC family, shows that the knockdown had a measurable impact on store operated calcium entry. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate human myoblasts from adult skeletal muscle. We use these cells to study the successive steps of muscle differentiation and in particular, deactivation of the transcription factors and calcium channels.Once mastered, this technique can be done in less than three hours if it is performed properly. It is a rapid, simple, reproducible method that obtains the yield of human myoblasts. While attempting this procedure, it is important to prevent the myoblast cultures from reaching full confidence, as there will be unwanted spontaneous differentiation.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

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