Name: data processing methods for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface volcanoes: applications to the tarim flood basalt
Uploaded: 2017-08-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt at JoVE.com

Gli autori riconoscono il sostegno finanziario di NSFC al WT (grant No. 41272368) e QKX (grant No. 41630205).

NOTE: The data processing procedures include: synthetic seismogram calculation, synthetic-real seismic trace correlation, and geo-body extraction. Below are the step-by-step details of each procedure.
1. Calculation of Synthetic Seismogram
<ol>
	<li>Calculate the acoustic impedance at each interval of the down-well logging curve. 
	NOTE: Acoustic impedance is the product of &#39;seismic wave velocities&#39; and &#39;density&#39; (&#961;*&#957;)). The data are often averaged to sampling ...

<ol>
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G., Vining, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives-Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference. 6, 833-844 (2005).</li><li>Magee, C., Hunt Stewart, ., E, C. A. L., Jackson, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volcano+growth+mechanisms+and+the+role+of+sub-volcanic+intrusions:+Insights+from+2D+seismic+reflection+data.">Volcano growth mechanisms and the role of sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights from 2D seismic reflection data.</a> Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 373, 41-53 (2013).</li><li>Schofield, N. J., Brown, D. J., Magee, C., Stevenson, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sill+morphology+and+comparison+of+brittle+and+non-brittle+emplacement+mechanisms.">Sill morphology and comparison of brittle and non-brittle emplacement mechanisms.</a> J. Geol. Soc. 169 (2), 127-141 (2012).</li><li>Wang, L., Tian, W., Shi, Y. M., Guan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volcanic+structure+of+the+Tarim+flood+basalt+revealed+through+3-D+seismological+imaging.">Volcanic structure of the Tarim flood basalt revealed through 3-D seismological imaging.</a> Sci. Bull. 60 (16), 1448-1456 (2015).</li><li>Sun, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neogene+igneous+intrusions+in+the+northern+South+China+Sea:+Evidence+from+high-resolution+three+dimensional+seismic+data.">Neogene igneous intrusions in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from high-resolution three dimensional seismic data.</a> Mar. Pet. Geol. 54, 83-95 (2014).</li><li>Schofield, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seismic+imaging+of+'broken+bridges':+linking+seismic+to+outcrop-scale+investigations+of+intrusive+magma+lobes.">Seismic imaging of 'broken bridges': linking seismic to outcrop-scale investigations of intrusive magma lobes.</a> J. Geol. Soc. 169 (4), 421-426 (2012).</li><li>Thomson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volcanic+features+of+the+North+Rockall+Trough:+application+of+visualisation+techniques+on+3D+seismic+reflection+data.">Volcanic features of the North Rockall Trough: application of visualisation techniques on 3D seismic reflection data.</a> BVol. 67 (2), 116-128 (2005).</li><li>Jackson, C. A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seismic+reflection+imaging+and+controls+on+the+preservation+of+ancient+sill-fed+magmatic+vents.">Seismic reflection imaging and controls on the preservation of ancient sill-fed magmatic vents.</a> J. Geol. Soc. 169 (5), 503-506 (2012).</li><li>Tian, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Tarim+picrite-basalt-rhyolite+suite,+a+Permian+flood+basalt+from+northwest+China+with+contrasting+rhyolites+produced+by+fractional+crystallization+and+anatexis.">The Tarim picrite-basalt-rhyolite suite, a Permian flood basalt from northwest China with contrasting rhyolites produced by fractional crystallization and anatexis.</a> CoMP. 160 (3), 407-425 (2010).</li><li>Chen, M. -. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peridotite+and+pyroxenite+xenoliths+from+Tarim,+NW+China:+Evidences+for+melt+depletion+and+mantle+refertilization+in+the+mantle+source+region+of+the+Tarim+flood+basalt.">Peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Tarim, NW China: Evidences for melt depletion and mantle refertilization in the mantle source region of the Tarim flood basalt.</a> Lithos. 204, 97-111 (2014).</li><li>Magee, C., Maharaj, S. M., Wrona, T., Jackson, C. A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controls+on+the+expression+of+igneous+intrusions+in+seismic+reflection+data.">Controls on the expression of igneous intrusions in seismic reflection data.</a> Geosphere. 11 (4), 1024-1041 (2015).</li><li>Bahorich, M., Farmer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3-D+seismic+discontinuity+for+faults+and+stratigraphic+features:+The+coherence+cube.">3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: The coherence cube.</a> The Leading Edge. 14 (10), 1053-1058 (1995).</li></ol>

Qui dimostriamo 2 metodi per illustrare la morfologia e la struttura del sistema idraulico dei vulcani basaltici sepolti; uno è il rendering di opacità, l'altro è tempo affettare.
Il metodo di rendering di opacità è adatto per geo-corpi che hanno continuo orizzontale interfacce con gli strati di incassamento nei pressi. Con questo metodo, si può estrarre la morfologia 3D dei lobi di magma. Normalmente, le direzioni del flusso dovrebbero essere lungo l'asse dei lobi magma. È anche import...

L'obiettivo della maggior parte dei progetti industriali di imaging sismici in bacini sedimentari è da esplorare per serbatoi di idrocarburi. Negli ultimi anni, ha ampliato l'esplorazione di idrocarburi ai bacini contenenti grandi quantità di rocce ignee, perché molti dei bacini levigati hanno notevole olio e serbatoi di gas. Tuttavia, a causa dell'interfaccia di rocce ignee nei bacini levigate, elaborazione di dati sismico presenta una serie di sfide indotte da varie intrusioni, come trasmissione di energia ridotta, attenuazione intrinseco, effetti di interferenza, rifrazione e dispersione1. Pertanto, giacimento di petrolio società stanno concentrando gli sforzi sulla riduzione di un "impatto negativo" su imaging sismico2,3,4.
Rocce ignei corpi all'interno di bacini sedimentari sono facilmente identificabili da due imaging tridimensionale o 3D sismica a riflessione grazie al contrasto di impedenza acustica grande con l'incassamento rocce1,5,6. Questo metodo può fornire immagini spettacolari delle strutture verticali ed orizzontali del vulcanico dell'impianto idraulico sistemi7,8,9,10,11,12,13. Tuttavia, le strategie di imaging sottosuolo vulcani sono molto diverse da quella del petrolio e del gas esplorazioni8,14,15. Questo ha limitato l'uso dei dati sismici industriali negli studi dei vulcani sotto la superficie, a parte pochi casi di successo10,15,16. In questa carta, segnaliamo le procedure dettagliate di elaborazione di dati sismico, che vengono personalizzate per l'interpretazione dei vulcani sotto la superficie. Elaboriamo due cubi sismiche, TZ47 e YM2 (Figura 1), per mostrare come visualizzare i corpi ignei sepolti nel Tarim inondazione basalto17.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="627">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">The Petrel E&#38;P software platform</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Schlumberger</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">software version:2014</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

data processing methods for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface volcanoes: applications to the tarim flood basalt

La morfologia e la struttura di sistemi idraulici può fornire informazioni chiave sul tasso di eruzione e stile di campi di lava basaltica. Il modo più potente per studiare il sottosuolo geo-corpi consiste nell'utilizzare imaging sismico industriale 3D riflesso. Tuttavia, strategie ai vulcani sottosuolo immagine sono molto diverse da quella dei serbatoi di petrolio e gas. In questo studio, abbiamo elaborare cubi di dati sismici dal bacino del Tarim, Cina del Nord, per illustrare come visualizzare davanzali attraverso tecniche di rendering di opacità e come di immagini i condotti mediante tranciatura di tempo. Nel primo caso, abbiamo isolato le sonde dagli orizzonti sismici marcatura i contatti tra davanzali e inglobante strata, applicando tecniche di rendering di opacità per estrarre davanzali dal cubo sismico. La morfologia dettagliata davanzale risultante mostra che la direzione del flusso è dal centro della cupola al bordo. Nel secondo cubo sismico, usiamo intervalli di tempo all'immagine i condotti, che corrisponde alla profonda discontinuità all'interno delle rocce incassamento. Viene visualizzato un insieme di intervalli di tempo ottenuto a diverse profondità che i basalti dell'inondazione di Tarim eruttato da vulcani centrali, alimentati da separati tubo-come conduttori.

Dimostriamo l'utilità delle tecniche descritte sopra applicandoli a 2 tipi di corpi ignei, davanzali orizzontale e verticale condotti vulcanici. Estrazione del sills è condotto utilizzando la tecnica del rendering opaco, e l'interpretazione del condotto vulcanico viene effettuata utilizzando la tecnica del trancio.
Estrazione di davanzali
Pozzi di perforazione industria...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt at JoVE.com

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Sismica a riflessione (3D) tridimensionale è un metodo potente per l'imaging di sottosuolo vulcani. Utilizzando i dati sismologici 3D industriali dal bacino del Tarim, illustriamo come estrarre i davanzali e le condotte del sottosuolo vulcani da cubi di dati sismici.

Metodi di elaborazione dei dati per l'Imaging 3D sismica del sottosuolo vulcani: applicazioni per il basalto dell'inondazione del Tarim

The morphology and structure of plumbing systems can provide key information on the eruption rate and style of basalt lava fields. The most powerful way ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to illustrate how to extract sills and conduits of subsurface volcanoes from seismic data cubes. This method can help answer key questions in volcanology, as the structure and the morphology of the plumbing systems can provide key information about eruption rate and the style of basaltic lava fields. The main advantage of this technique is that the 3D structure of subsurface volcanoes are extracted from industrial 3D reflection seismology images for overall exploration.In this study, we process seismic data cubes from the Tarim Basin in China, to illustrate how to visualize sills and the conduce of subsurface volcanoes. To begin the calculation, first import the seismic acoustic data cube into an appropriate data processing program. Display the data in 2D and 3D, and adjust the data set appearances, as desired.Then open the settings menu for the well of interest, and open the Time sub menu. Select Create new and name the time log. Use the velocity function DT data to create a one-way time log from the acoustic log.Next, in the 3D data window, select TWT, to display the data in the two-way time domain. Set the newly-created one-way time log as the active time-depth relationship. Select the wired logs of interest to display their seismic profiles in the 3D window.Then, use the Manipulate plane tool to adjust the profile, until it intersects the well. Next, in the Seismic tree, uncheck one plane. In the Well tops tree, select the corresponding well filter and set it to surface.Enable annotations for the Well tops and verify that wired log domains are displayed with the seismic profile. Next, open the Seismic well tie menu. Set the study to Integrated seismic well tie and select the well of interest.Set the TDR to the calibrated one-way time log. and select the seismic data cube. Select any log from the RC calculation method options and fill in the corresponding parameters.Use the Wavelet tool box to create or edit a Ricker wavelet. Click OK to generate the synthetic seismogram. Repeat the process if the synthetic trace does not satisfactorily match the seismic data.Then open the one-way time log created from the acoustic log. Identify a real continual seismic horizon that intersects the well of interest. Add a small increment of time to the Well Log, to adjust the depth of the synthetic trace.Open the calculator tool. Compare the Well log and the seismic horizon. Continue adjusting the Well log in this way to maximize the overlap of the high amplitude reflectors in the synthetic and real traces.The synthetic seismogram from the wired log we have force features. Because the log imaging does not perfectly fit with the burgherwalls. Regional geological information, and a vertical seismic profile are needed to correct and optimize the seismogram.Open the Seismic interpretation menu, and select Insert a Horizon probe. In the individual probe settings, open the Horizons tab, and select two high amplitude surfaces encasing the sills of interest. Select the new probe to display a seismic cube in the 3D window.Open the probe settings, and select the opacity tab. Use the seismic amplitude histogram, to decrease the opacity of low amplitude reflections, leaving only the basaltic sills of interest. Adjust the histogram repeatedly, until the desired shape of the interested geobody of igneous rocks, is achieved.Next, open the Volume attributes menu. Set the category to Structural methods and the Attribute to variance. Set the seismic cube as the input.Enable the Realize option to improve performance and run the process. Choose the variance cube, and select Insert time slice intersection. Use the Manipulate plane tool, in the 3D window, to move the slices to optimize the visualization of discontinuities, corresponding to vertical feeding conduits.Repeat this process with the Seismic amplitude cube. Adjust the two-way time, and vary the slicing depths, to find the best visualization parameters for the data. A 3D seismic data cube, from the Northern Tarim Basin, was processed with this technique.Separated lava lobes were observed in the extracted horizontal sills, suggesting that the lava flow, moves from the dome center to the rim of the dome. Time slices were obtained from the seismic cube, and from a variance data cube to visualize vertical volcanic conduits. Different slicing depths were required for the seismic and variance cubes to visualize the conduits.While attempting this procedure, remember to obtain adequate knowledge of regional geology, the stratigraphic framework, and the characteristics of the marker horizons. After it's development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of volcanology, to investigate the 3D structures of the subsurface parts of ash in volcanoes. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to image subsurface volcanoes using our industrial, 3D seismological data cube.

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