Name: data processing methods for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface volcanoes: applications to the tarim flood basalt
Uploaded: 2017-08-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt at JoVE.com

Forfatterne bekrefter økonomisk støtte av NSFC til WT (grant nr. 41272368) og QKX (grant nr. 41630205).

NOTE: The data processing procedures include: synthetic seismogram calculation, synthetic-real seismic trace correlation, and geo-body extraction. Below are the step-by-step details of each procedure.
1. Calculation of Synthetic Seismogram
<ol>
	<li>Calculate the acoustic impedance at each interval of the down-well logging curve. 
	NOTE: Acoustic impedance is the product of &#39;seismic wave velocities&#39; and &#39;density&#39; (&#961;*&#957;)). The data are often averaged to sampling ...

<ol>
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Geol. 23 (6), 631-645 (2006).</li><li>Rateau, R., Schofield, N., Smith, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+potential+role+of+igneous+intrusions+on+hydrocarbon+migration,+West+of+Shetland.">The potential role of igneous intrusions on hydrocarbon migration, West of Shetland.</a> Pet. Geosci. 19 (3), 259-272 (2013).</li><li>Magee, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lateral+magma+flow+in+mafic+sill+complexes.">Lateral magma flow in mafic sill complexes.</a> Geosphere. 12 (3), 809-841 (2016).</li><li>Magee, C., Jackson, C. A. 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G., Vining, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives-Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference. 6, 833-844 (2005).</li><li>Magee, C., Hunt Stewart, ., E, C. A. L., Jackson, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volcano+growth+mechanisms+and+the+role+of+sub-volcanic+intrusions:+Insights+from+2D+seismic+reflection+data.">Volcano growth mechanisms and the role of sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights from 2D seismic reflection data.</a> Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 373, 41-53 (2013).</li><li>Schofield, N. J., Brown, D. J., Magee, C., Stevenson, C. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sill+morphology+and+comparison+of+brittle+and+non-brittle+emplacement+mechanisms.">Sill morphology and comparison of brittle and non-brittle emplacement mechanisms.</a> J. Geol. Soc. 169 (2), 127-141 (2012).</li><li>Wang, L., Tian, W., Shi, Y. M., Guan, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volcanic+structure+of+the+Tarim+flood+basalt+revealed+through+3-D+seismological+imaging.">Volcanic structure of the Tarim flood basalt revealed through 3-D seismological imaging.</a> Sci. Bull. 60 (16), 1448-1456 (2015).</li><li>Sun, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neogene+igneous+intrusions+in+the+northern+South+China+Sea:+Evidence+from+high-resolution+three+dimensional+seismic+data.">Neogene igneous intrusions in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from high-resolution three dimensional seismic data.</a> Mar. Pet. Geol. 54, 83-95 (2014).</li><li>Schofield, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seismic+imaging+of+'broken+bridges':+linking+seismic+to+outcrop-scale+investigations+of+intrusive+magma+lobes.">Seismic imaging of 'broken bridges': linking seismic to outcrop-scale investigations of intrusive magma lobes.</a> J. Geol. Soc. 169 (4), 421-426 (2012).</li><li>Thomson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volcanic+features+of+the+North+Rockall+Trough:+application+of+visualisation+techniques+on+3D+seismic+reflection+data.">Volcanic features of the North Rockall Trough: application of visualisation techniques on 3D seismic reflection data.</a> BVol. 67 (2), 116-128 (2005).</li><li>Jackson, C. A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seismic+reflection+imaging+and+controls+on+the+preservation+of+ancient+sill-fed+magmatic+vents.">Seismic reflection imaging and controls on the preservation of ancient sill-fed magmatic vents.</a> J. Geol. Soc. 169 (5), 503-506 (2012).</li><li>Tian, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Tarim+picrite-basalt-rhyolite+suite,+a+Permian+flood+basalt+from+northwest+China+with+contrasting+rhyolites+produced+by+fractional+crystallization+and+anatexis.">The Tarim picrite-basalt-rhyolite suite, a Permian flood basalt from northwest China with contrasting rhyolites produced by fractional crystallization and anatexis.</a> CoMP. 160 (3), 407-425 (2010).</li><li>Chen, M. -. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peridotite+and+pyroxenite+xenoliths+from+Tarim,+NW+China:+Evidences+for+melt+depletion+and+mantle+refertilization+in+the+mantle+source+region+of+the+Tarim+flood+basalt.">Peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths from Tarim, NW China: Evidences for melt depletion and mantle refertilization in the mantle source region of the Tarim flood basalt.</a> Lithos. 204, 97-111 (2014).</li><li>Magee, C., Maharaj, S. M., Wrona, T., Jackson, C. A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controls+on+the+expression+of+igneous+intrusions+in+seismic+reflection+data.">Controls on the expression of igneous intrusions in seismic reflection data.</a> Geosphere. 11 (4), 1024-1041 (2015).</li><li>Bahorich, M., Farmer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3-D+seismic+discontinuity+for+faults+and+stratigraphic+features:+The+coherence+cube.">3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: The coherence cube.</a> The Leading Edge. 14 (10), 1053-1058 (1995).</li></ol>

Her viser vi 2 metoder for å illustrere morfologi og strukturen i avløp systemet av begravet basaltisk vulkaner; en tetthet gjengivelse, den andre er tid kutting.
Tetthet gjengivelsesteknologi metoden er egnet for geo-organer som har kontinuerlig og vannrette grensesnitt med de med lag. Med denne metoden kan man trekke 3D morfologi av magma lobes. Normalt skal flytretninger langs den lange aksen av magma flikene. Det er også viktig at overflaten horisonter har høy refleksjon koeffisientene...

Målet med de fleste av industrielle seismiske imaging prosjektene i sedimentære bassenger er å utforske for hydrokarbon reservoarer. De siste årene, har oljeleting utvidet til bassenger som inneholder store mengder vulkanske bergarter fordi mange av volcanogenic saltutvinningsanleggene har betydelig olje- og gassressurser. Men på grunn av grensesnittet av vulkanske bergarter i volcanogenic områder presenterer seismisk dataprosessering en rekke utfordringer av ulike inntrenging, som redusert energi overføring, iboende demping, forstyrrelser effekter, brytning og spredning1. Derfor fokuserer oljefelt selskaper sin innsats på å redusere så "negativ effekt" på seismiske imaging2,3,4.
Vulkanske organer i sedimentære bassenger er lett identifiseres ved to dimensjonal eller 3D seismikk refleksjon bildebehandling på grunn av store akustiske impedans kontrast med med steiner1,5,6. Denne metoden kan gi spektakulære bilder av både vertikale og horisontale strukturer vulkanske avløp systemer7,8,9,10,11,12,13. Strategier for imaging undergrunnen vulkaner er imidlertid svært forskjellig fra olje og gass undersøkelser8,14,15. Dette har begrenset bruken av industrielle seismikk i studier av undergrunnen vulkaner, bortsett fra et par vellykkede tilfeller10,15,16. I dette papiret rapportere vi detaljerte prosedyrer for seismisk databehandling som er tilpasset tolkning av undergrunnen vulkaner. Vi behandle to seismiske kuber, TZ47 og YM2 (figur 1), som viser hvordan å visualisere begravet vulkanske organer i Tarim flom basalt17.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="627">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">The Petrel E&#38;P software platform</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Schlumberger</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">software version:2014</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

data processing methods for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface volcanoes: applications to the tarim flood basalt

Morfologi og strukturen i rørsystemene kan gi informasjon på utbruddet rate og stil av basalt lava-felt. Mest effektive måten å studere undergrunnen geo-organer er å bruke industrielle 3D refleksjon Seismologiske bildebehandling. Strategier for å bilde undergrunnen vulkaner er imidlertid svært forskjellig fra olje- og gassforekomster. I denne studien behandle vi seismikk kuber fra det nordlige Tarimbekkenet, Kina, å illustrere hvordan å visualisere sills gjennom tetthet rendering teknikker og hvordan the rør av tidsdeling. I det første tilfellet isolert vi sonder av seismiske horisonter merking kontaktene mellom kanalene og encasing strata, bruke tetthet rendering teknikker for å trekke ut kanalene fra seismiske kuben. Resulterende detaljert terskel morfologi viser at flytretningen er fra kuppelen center til rim. I andre seismiske kuben bruker vi tid-skiver for å image kanaler, som tilsvarer merket avbrudd i med steiner. En rekke tid-skiver på ulike dybder viser at Tarim flom basalts utbrudd fra sentrale vulkaner, matet av egen pipe-lignende oppførsel.

Viser vi nytten av teknikkene ovenfor ved å bruke dem for 2 typer vulkanske organer, vannrette sills og loddrett vulkanske rør. Utvinning av vinduspostene utføres ved hjelp av ugjennomsiktig rendering teknikk, og tolkning av den vulkanske åren utføres ved hjelp av kutting teknikk.
Utvinning av kanalene
Industrielle bore brønner har krysses mange kanalene i Yingmai-2...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt at JoVE.com

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Tredimensjonale (3D) seismikk er en kraftig metode for imaging undergrunnen vulkaner. Ved hjelp av industrielle 3D Seismologiske data fra Tarimbekkenet, illustrerer vi hvordan å trekke ut vinduspostene og rør av undergrunnen vulkaner fra seismikk kuber.

Databehandling metoder for 3D seismikk av undergrunnen vulkaner: programmer Tarim flom Basalt

The morphology and structure of plumbing systems can provide key information on the eruption rate and style of basalt lava fields. The most powerful way ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to illustrate how to extract sills and conduits of subsurface volcanoes from seismic data cubes. This method can help answer key questions in volcanology, as the structure and the morphology of the plumbing systems can provide key information about eruption rate and the style of basaltic lava fields. The main advantage of this technique is that the 3D structure of subsurface volcanoes are extracted from industrial 3D reflection seismology images for overall exploration.In this study, we process seismic data cubes from the Tarim Basin in China, to illustrate how to visualize sills and the conduce of subsurface volcanoes. To begin the calculation, first import the seismic acoustic data cube into an appropriate data processing program. Display the data in 2D and 3D, and adjust the data set appearances, as desired.Then open the settings menu for the well of interest, and open the Time sub menu. Select Create new and name the time log. Use the velocity function DT data to create a one-way time log from the acoustic log.Next, in the 3D data window, select TWT, to display the data in the two-way time domain. Set the newly-created one-way time log as the active time-depth relationship. Select the wired logs of interest to display their seismic profiles in the 3D window.Then, use the Manipulate plane tool to adjust the profile, until it intersects the well. Next, in the Seismic tree, uncheck one plane. In the Well tops tree, select the corresponding well filter and set it to surface.Enable annotations for the Well tops and verify that wired log domains are displayed with the seismic profile. Next, open the Seismic well tie menu. Set the study to Integrated seismic well tie and select the well of interest.Set the TDR to the calibrated one-way time log. and select the seismic data cube. Select any log from the RC calculation method options and fill in the corresponding parameters.Use the Wavelet tool box to create or edit a Ricker wavelet. Click OK to generate the synthetic seismogram. Repeat the process if the synthetic trace does not satisfactorily match the seismic data.Then open the one-way time log created from the acoustic log. Identify a real continual seismic horizon that intersects the well of interest. Add a small increment of time to the Well Log, to adjust the depth of the synthetic trace.Open the calculator tool. Compare the Well log and the seismic horizon. Continue adjusting the Well log in this way to maximize the overlap of the high amplitude reflectors in the synthetic and real traces.The synthetic seismogram from the wired log we have force features. Because the log imaging does not perfectly fit with the burgherwalls. Regional geological information, and a vertical seismic profile are needed to correct and optimize the seismogram.Open the Seismic interpretation menu, and select Insert a Horizon probe. In the individual probe settings, open the Horizons tab, and select two high amplitude surfaces encasing the sills of interest. Select the new probe to display a seismic cube in the 3D window.Open the probe settings, and select the opacity tab. Use the seismic amplitude histogram, to decrease the opacity of low amplitude reflections, leaving only the basaltic sills of interest. Adjust the histogram repeatedly, until the desired shape of the interested geobody of igneous rocks, is achieved.Next, open the Volume attributes menu. Set the category to Structural methods and the Attribute to variance. Set the seismic cube as the input.Enable the Realize option to improve performance and run the process. Choose the variance cube, and select Insert time slice intersection. Use the Manipulate plane tool, in the 3D window, to move the slices to optimize the visualization of discontinuities, corresponding to vertical feeding conduits.Repeat this process with the Seismic amplitude cube. Adjust the two-way time, and vary the slicing depths, to find the best visualization parameters for the data. A 3D seismic data cube, from the Northern Tarim Basin, was processed with this technique.Separated lava lobes were observed in the extracted horizontal sills, suggesting that the lava flow, moves from the dome center to the rim of the dome. Time slices were obtained from the seismic cube, and from a variance data cube to visualize vertical volcanic conduits. Different slicing depths were required for the seismic and variance cubes to visualize the conduits.While attempting this procedure, remember to obtain adequate knowledge of regional geology, the stratigraphic framework, and the characteristics of the marker horizons. After it's development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of volcanology, to investigate the 3D structures of the subsurface parts of ash in volcanoes. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to image subsurface volcanoes using our industrial, 3D seismological data cube.

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