Name: experimental models to study the neuroprotection of acidic postconditioning against cerebral ischemia
Uploaded: 2017-07-31T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev finansieret af National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573406, 81373393, 81273506, 81221003, 81473186 og 81402907), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LR15H310001) og Programmet for Zhejiang Leading Team af S &amp; T Innovation Team (2011R50014).

Alle forsøg blev godkendt af og udført i overensstemmelse med de etiske retningslinjer fra Zhejiang University Animal Experimentation Committee og var i fuld overensstemmelse med National Institutes of Health Guide til pleje og brug af laboratoriedyr. Der blev gjort en indsats for at minimere smerte eller ubehag, og det mindste antal dyr blev brugt. 1. OGD af Corticostriatal Skiver <ol><li> Opløsning forberedelse: <ol><li> Forbered 1.000 ml r-ACSF (124 mmol / l, NaCl, 5...

<ol>
	<li>Zhao, H., Sapolsky, R. M., Steinberg, G. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interrupting+reperfusion+as+a+stroke+therapy:+ischemic+postconditioning+reduces+infarct+size+after+focal+ischemia+in+rats.">Interrupting reperfusion as a stroke therapy: ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size after focal ischemia in rats.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 26 (9), 1114-1121 (2006).</li><li>Leconte, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+hypoxic+postconditioning+protects+against+cerebral+ischemia+in+the+mouse.">Delayed hypoxic postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia in the mouse.</a> Stroke. 40 (10), 3349-3355 (2009).</li><li>Fan, Y. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+lack+of+glucose+but+not+O2+is+involved+in+ischemic+postconditioning-induced+neuroprotection.">Transient lack of glucose but not O2 is involved in ischemic postconditioning-induced neuroprotection.</a> CNS Neurosci Ther. 19 (1), 30-37 (2013).</li><li>Hess, D. C., Hoda, M. N., Bhatia, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remote+limb+perconditioning+[corrected]+and+postconditioning:+will+it+translate+into+a+promising+treatment+for+acute+stroke.">Remote limb perconditioning [corrected] and postconditioning: will it translate into a promising treatment for acute stroke.</a> Stroke. 44 (4), 1191-1197 (2013).</li><li>Ren, C., Yan, Z., Wei, D., Gao, X., Chen, X., Zhao, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limb+remote+ischemic+postconditioning+protects+against+focal+ischemia+in+rats.">Limb remote ischemic postconditioning protects against focal ischemia in rats.</a> Brain Res. 1288, 88-94 (2009).</li><li>Sun, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+effect+of+delayed+remote+limb+ischemic+postconditioning:+role+of+mitochondrial+K(ATP)+channels+in+a+rat+model+of+focal+cerebral+ischemic+reperfusion+injury.">Protective effect of delayed remote limb ischemic postconditioning: role of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 32 (5), 851-859 (2012).</li><li>Li, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remote+limb+ischemic+postconditioning+protects+mouse+brain+against+cerebral+ischemia/reperfusion+injury+via+upregulating+expression+of+Nrf2,+HO-1+and+NQO-1+in+mice.">Remote limb ischemic postconditioning protects mouse brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via upregulating expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 in mice.</a> Int J Neurosci. , 1-8 (2015).</li><li>Fan, Y. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+neuroprotective+strategy+for+ischemic+stroke:+transient+mild+acidosis+treatment+by+CO2+inhalation+at+reperfusion.">A novel neuroprotective strategy for ischemic stroke: transient mild acidosis treatment by CO2 inhalation at reperfusion.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 34 (2), 275-283 (2014).</li><li>Shen, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PARK2-dependent+mitophagy+induced+by+acidic+postconditioning+protects+against+focal+cerebral+ischemia+and+extends+the+reperfusion+window.">PARK2-dependent mitophagy induced by acidic postconditioning protects against focal cerebral ischemia and extends the reperfusion window.</a> Autophagy. , (2017).</li><li>Skolnik, J., Takacs, L., Szende, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+oxygen+consumption+of+slices+from+kidney,+brain,+cortex+and+liver+in+hypoxia.">In vitro oxygen consumption of slices from kidney, brain, cortex and liver in hypoxia.</a> Nature. 209 (5020), 305 (1966).</li><li>Lynch, G., Schubert, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+in+vitro.+brain+slices+for+multidisciplinary+studies+of+synaptic+function.">The use of in vitro. brain slices for multidisciplinary studies of synaptic function.</a> Annu Rev Neurosci. 3, 1-22 (1980).</li><li>Zheng, S., Zuo, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoflurane+preconditioning+reduces+purkinje+cell+death+in+an+in+vitro+model+of+rat+cerebellar+ischemia.">Isoflurane preconditioning reduces purkinje cell death in an in vitro model of rat cerebellar ischemia.</a> Neuroscience. 118 (1), 99-106 (2003).</li><li>Yin, B., Barrionuevo, G., Weber, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+real-time+monitoring+of+glutathione+redox+status+in+single+pyramidal+neurons+in+organotypic+hippocampal+slices+during+oxygen-glucose+deprivation+and+reperfusion.">Optimized real-time monitoring of glutathione redox status in single pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion.</a> ACS Chem Neurosci. 6 (11), 1838-1848 (2015).</li><li>Medvedeva, Y. V., Ji, S., Yin, H. Z., Weiss, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+vulnerability+of+CA1+vs+CA3+pyramidal+neurons+after+ischemia:+possible+relationship+to+sources+of+Zn2++accumulation+and+its+entry+into+and+prolonged+effects+on+mitochondria.">Differential vulnerability of CA1 vs CA3 pyramidal neurons after ischemia: possible relationship to sources of Zn2+ accumulation and its entry into and prolonged effects on mitochondria.</a> J Neurosci. , (2016).</li><li>Pignataro, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+and+in+vitro+characterization+of+a+novel+neuroprotective+strategy+for+stroke:+ischemic+postconditioning.">In vivo and in vitro characterization of a novel neuroprotective strategy for stroke: ischemic postconditioning.</a> J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 28 (2), 232-241 (2008).</li><li>Zhang, X., Ding, H. Z., Jiang, S., Zeng, Y. M., Tang, Q. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+study+of+the+neuroprotective+effect+of+propofol+on+hypoxic+hippocampal+slice.">An in vitro study of the neuroprotective effect of propofol on hypoxic hippocampal slice.</a> Brain Inj. 28 (13-14), 1758-1765 (2014).</li><li>Niu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+profiling+with+HPLC-FTMS+of+exogenous+and+endogenous+chemicals+susceptible+to+the+administration+of+chotosan+in+an+animal+model+of+type+2+diabetes-induced+dementia.">Chemical profiling with HPLC-FTMS of exogenous and endogenous chemicals susceptible to the administration of chotosan in an animal model of type 2 diabetes-induced dementia.</a> J Pharm Biomed Anal. 104, 21-30 (2015).</li></ol>

Her præsenterer vi to eksperimentelle modeller for at studere neuroprotektion af APC mod cerebral iskæmi. I hjerneskiver opnås APC ved at inkubere mus kortikostriatale skiver i sur puffer boblet med 20% CO 2 efter reperfusionsstart, mens APC opnås ved at inhalere 20% CO 2 til mus efter reperfusion. Begge modeller afspejler neuroprotektion af APC mod cerebral iskæmi. Beskyttelsen var sammenlignelig med den, der blev opnået ved iskæmisk efterkonditionering, men med et bredere tidsvindue. I MCA...

Slag er en af ​​de førende årsager til dødelighed og handicap verden over. Der er gjort en stor indsats for at finde effektive behandlinger for slagtilfælde i de sidste årtier, men præstationen er ret utilfredsstillende. Postkonditionering er en proces manipuleret af subtoksiske belastninger efter en iskæmisk episode. Postkonditionering, herunder iskæmisk, hypoxisk, lavglucose og fjern iskemisk efterkonditionering, udløser endogene adaptive mekanismer og har vist sig at være lovende behandlinger mod cerebral iskæmi 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Imidlertid kan iskæmisk postkonditionering indføre yderligere skade. Limben fjern iskemisk postkonditionering har normalt brug for flere cykler med 5-20 min okklusion og reperfusion på de ipsilaterale eller bilaterale bagben 5 , 6 , 7 . thDerfor er disse efterbehandlingsmanipulationer farlige eller upraktiske i klinisk praksis. For at overvinde disse ulemper har vi udviklet APC som en terapi for fokal cerebral iskæmi hos mus 8 . Induceret simpelthen ved at indånde 20% CO 2 , reducerer APC signifikant iskæmisk hjerneskade på en mere gennemførlig og sikrere måde. For nylig har vi bevist, at APC udvider reperfusionsvinduet og fremhæver APC&#39;s betydning for strokebehandling 9 . Her præsenterer vi to eksperimentelle modeller for at studere neuroprotektion af APC mod cerebral iskæmi. Den første er oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model i mus kortikostriatale skiver. Hurtig forberedelse og overførsel af hjerneskiver til et kunstigt miljø, som regel kunstig cerebrospinalvæske (ASCF), kan bevare cellelevedygtighed og neuronalkredsløb, hvilket gør det muligt at studere hjernefunktion in vitro 10 &lt;Sup&gt; 11 . OGD i ASCF efterligner cerebral iskæmi og inducerer iskæmisk skade 12 , 13 , 14 . Efter OGD bliver hjerneskiverne opdateret i almindelig ASCF (r-ASCF) for at give reperfusion og derefter behandlet med APC ved anvendelse af sur ASCF boblet med 20% CO 2 . Den kortikostriatale skive opretholder den intakte histologiske karakterisering sammenlignet med primære dyrkede celler. For at studere hjernefunktion in vivo anvendes musen mellem cerebral arterieeklusion (MCAO) -modellen. Den midterste cerebrale arterie er blokeret ved at indsætte et flammeformet monofilament via den fælles halspulsårer. Som en af ​​de mest anvendte stroke-modeller viser MCAO-modellen klinisk relevans, og anvendelsen af ​​et monofilament gør det lettere at opnå reperfusion. Blot ved at indånde normoxisk blandet gas indeholdende 20% CO 2 efter indtræden af ​​reperfusioN viste APC signifikante beskyttende virkninger mod cerebral iskæmi indikeret ved reducerede hjerneinfarktvolumener.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="723">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">S5886</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">P5405</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Potassium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">P9791</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">M2643</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">S5761</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">C5080</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">G7021</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Vibratome</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">VT1000 S</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">T8877</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Absolute Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Aladdin Industrial Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">E111993</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">D8418</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Laser Doppler Flowmetry</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Moor Instruments Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Model Moor VMS-LDF2</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Diethyl ether anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">80059618</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Trichloroacetaldehycle hydrate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">30037517</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">10% Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Aladdin Industrial Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">F111936</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">24-well plates</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Jet Biofil</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">TCP-010-024</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

experimental models to study the neuroprotection of acidic postconditioning against cerebral ischemia

Stroke er en af ​​de førende årsager til dødelighed og handicap verden over, med begrænsede terapeutiske tilgange. Som en endogen strategi for neuroprotektion har postkonditionerende behandlinger vist sig at være lovende terapier mod cerebral iskæmi. Imidlertid begrænser komplicerede procedurer og potentielle sikkerhedsproblemer deres kliniske anvendelse. For at overvinde disse ulemper har vi udviklet sur postconditioning (APC) som en terapi til eksperimentel fokal cerebral iskæmi. APC refererer til mild acidosebehandling ved inhalation af CO 2 under reperfusion efter iskæmi. Her præsenterer vi to modeller til henholdsvis APC in vitro og in vivo . Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) behandling af mus og corticostriatal okklusion og midter cerebral arterie okklusion (MCAO) af mus blev anvendt til at efterligne cerebral iskæmi. APC kan simpelthen opnås ved at overføre hjerneskiver til sur puffer boblet med 20% CO 2 , oR ved mus inhalering 20% ​​CO 2 . APC viste signifikante beskyttende virkninger mod cerebral iskæmi, som afspejlet af vævsevnen og hjerneinfarktvolumen.

I den ovenfor beskrevne kortikostriatale skivemodel blev corticostriatal skive-levedygtighed kvantificeret ved TTC-analyse efter 1 h efter reperfusion. TTC-omdannelse blev beregnet ved normalisering af absorptionen ved 490 nm til kontrolstykket. Ifølge TTC-omdannelse beskyttes APC mod OGD-induceret reperfusionsskade i en starttid og varighedsafhængig måde. I detaljer blev både 1 og 3 min. Acidosisbehandling signifikant forbedret levedygtighed ved 5 minutter efter 15 min OGD, mens 5 m...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia at JoVE.com

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Acid postkonditionering beskytter mod cerebral iskæmi. Her præsenterer vi to modeller til at udføre APC. De opnås henholdsvis ved at overføre kortikostriatale skiver til sur buffer efter oxygen-glucose-deprivation in vitro og ved at inhalere 20% CO 2 efter midter cerebral arterieeklusion i vivo .

Eksperimentelle modeller til undersøgelse af neuroprotektion af sur postkonditionering mod cerebral iskæmi

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited therapeutic approaches. As an endogenous strategy for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces

The non-stationary nature and variability of neuronal signals is a fundamental problem in brain-machine interfacing. We developed a brain-machine ...

Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence

Monitoring of the spatiotemporal characteristics of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation is crucial for better understanding of the 
...

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable ...

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium ...

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound fTCD

There are many unanswered questions about cerebral lateralization.  In particular, it remains unclear which aspects of language and nonverbal ability are ...

Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning

Neurological injury is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality from general anesthesia and related surgical procedures that could be alleviated by ...

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetisk manipulation af Cerebellær granuleneuroner<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Og<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; At studere Neuronal morfologi og Migration

Developmental events in the brain including neuronal morphogenesis and migration are highly orchestrated processes. In vitro and in vivo analyses allow ...

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells

Evaluering af bioenergetic Funktion i cerebrale vaskulære endotelceller

The integrity of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is critical to prevent brain injury. Cerebral vascular endothelial (CVE) cells are one of the cell types ...

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

En magnetisk resonans protokol for slagtilfælde indsættende tid skøn i Permanent Cerebral iskæmi

MRI provides a sensitive and specific imaging tool to detect acute ischemic stroke by means of a reduced diffusion coefficient of brain water. In a rat ...

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures As a Model to Study Neuroprotection and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells

Organotypic hippocampus skive kulturer som en Model til undersøgelse Neuroprotection og invasionsevne af tumorceller

In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), the morphological and functional characteristics of both neurons and glial cells are well preserved. ...