Name: experimental models to study the neuroprotection of acidic postconditioning against cerebral ischemia
Uploaded: 2017-07-31T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia at JoVE.com

Dit werk werd gefinancierd door de National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573406, 81373393, 81273506, 81221003, 81473186 en 81402907), Zhejiang Provinciale Natuurwetenschappenstichting (LR15H310001) en het Programma voor Zhejiang Leading Team van S &amp; T Innovatie Team (2011R50014).

Alle experimenten werden goedgekeurd door en uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met de ethische richtlijnen van de Zhejiang Experimentatie Dieren Experimentatie en waren in volledige overeenstemming met de National Institutes of Health Guide voor de zorg en het gebruik van laboratoriumdieren. Er werden inspanningen gedaan om pijn of ongemak te minimaliseren en het minimale aantal dieren werd gebruikt. 1. OGD van Corticostriatale Plakjes <ol><li> Oplossingspreparatie: <ol><li> B...

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Hier presenteren wij twee experimentele modellen om de neuroprotectie van APC tegen cerebrale ischemie te bestuderen. In breinschijfjes wordt APC bereikt door incubatie van muizen corticostriatale plakjes in zure buffer, die met 20% CO 2 na 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 30 35 60 100 Beide modellen weerspiegelen de neuroprotectie van APC tegen cerebrale ischemie. De bescherming was vergelijkbaar met dat verkregen door ischemische postconditioning maar met een breder tij...

Beroerte is een van de belangrijkste oorzaken van sterfte en handicap wereldwijd. Er zijn grote inspanningen gedaan om effectieve behandelingen voor beroerte in de afgelopen decennia te vinden, maar de prestatie is nogal onbevredigend. Postconditioning is een proces gemanipuleerd door subtoxische spanningen na een ischemische aflevering. Postconditioning, met inbegrip van ischemische, hypoxische, lage glucose en afgelegen ischemische postconditioning, trigger endogene adaptieve mechanismen, en bewezen zijn veelbelovende therapieën tegen cerebrale ischemie 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . Echter, ischemische postconditioning kan extra verwonding veroorzaken. Limb op afstand ischemische postconditioning heeft meestal verschillende cycli van 5 tot 20 minuten occlusie en reperfusie op de ipsilaterale of bilaterale achterste ledematen 5 , 6 , 7 . thDaarom zijn deze postconditioning manipulaties gevaarlijk of onpraktisch in de klinische praktijk. Om deze nadelen te overwinnen hebben we APC ontwikkeld als een therapie voor focal cerebrale ischemie bij muizen 8 . Geïnduceerd door simpelweg 20% ​​CO 2 in te ademen, vermindert APC de ischemische hersenletsel op een meer haalbare en veiliger manier. Onlangs hebben we aangetoond dat APC het reperfusievenster uitbreidt, waarbij de betekenis van APC voor beroertetherapie 9 wordt benadrukt. Hier presenteren wij twee experimentele modellen om de neuroprotectie van APC tegen cerebrale ischemie te bestuderen. De eerste is het zuurstof-glucose-deprivatie model (OGD) in muizen corticostriatale plakjes. Snelle voorbereiding en overdracht van de hersenschijfjes in een kunstmatige omgeving, meestal kunstmatige cerebrospinale vloeistof (ASCF), kan de levensvatbaarheid van cellen en neuronale schakelingen handhaven, waardoor het mogelijk is om hersenfunctie in vitro te studeren 10 &lt;Sup&gt;, 11 . OGD in ASCF nabootst cerebrale ischemie en induceert ischemische schade 12 , 13 , 14 . Na OGD worden de hersenschijfjes vernieuwd in regelmatig ASCF (r-ASCF) om reperfusie te verschaffen en vervolgens met APC te behandelen met behulp van zure ASCF met 20% CO 2 geborreld. De corticostriatale plak houdt de intacte histologische karakterisering in vergelijking met primaire gekweekte cellen. Om de hersenfunctie in vivo te bestuderen wordt het muizen midden cerebrale slagader occlusie (MCAO) model gebruikt. De middelste hersenslagader wordt geblokkeerd door een vlamvormige monofilament via de gemeenschappelijke halsslagader in te voegen. Als een van de meest gebruikte stroke modellen, toont het MCAO-model klinische relevantie en de toepassing van een monofilament maakt het gemakkelijker om reperfusie te bereiken. Simpelweg door het inademen van normoxisch gemengd gas met 20% CO 2 na het begin van reperfusioN, APC toonde significante beschermende effecten tegen cerebrale ischemie, aangeduid door verminderde infarctvolumes van de hersenen.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">S5886</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">P5405</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Potassium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">P9791</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">M2643</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">S5761</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">C5080</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">G7021</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Vibratome</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">VT1000 S</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">T8877</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Absolute Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Aladdin Industrial Corporation</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">D8418</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Laser Doppler Flowmetry</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Moor Instruments Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">Model Moor VMS-LDF2</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Diethyl ether anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">80059618</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Trichloroacetaldehycle hydrate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">30037517</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">10% Formalin</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Aladdin Industrial Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">F111936</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">24-well plates</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Jet Biofil</td>
			<td style="width:157px;">TCP-010-024</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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experimental models to study the neuroprotection of acidic postconditioning against cerebral ischemia

Stroke is een van de belangrijkste oorzaken van sterfte en handicap wereldwijd, met beperkte therapeutische benaderingen. Als een endogene strategie voor neuroprotectie, hebben postconditionerende behandelingen bewezen veelbelovende therapieën tegen cerebrale ischemie. Maar ingewikkelde procedures en mogelijke veiligheidsproblemen beperken hun klinische toepassing. Om deze nadelen te overwinnen hebben we een zware postconditioning ontwikkeld (APC) als een therapie voor experimentele focal cerebrale ischemie. APC verwijst naar de milde acidose behandeling door CO 2 in te ademen tijdens reperfusie na ischemie. Hier presenteren wij twee modellen om respectievelijk APC in vitro en in vivo uit te voeren. De zuurstof-glucose-deprivatie (OGD) -behandeling van muizen en de corticostriatale occlusie- en middelste cerebrale arteriële occlusie (MCAO) van muizen werden gebruikt om cerebrale ischemie te mimmen. APC kan eenvoudig worden bereikt door hersenschijfjes over te brengen naar zuurbuffer die met 20% CO 2 , o wordt geborreldR door muizen die 20% CO 2 inademen. APC vertoonde significante beschermende effecten tegen cerebrale ischemie, zoals weerspiegeld door weefsel levensvatbaarheid en het infarct volume van het hersenen.

In het hierboven beschreven corticostriatale snijmodel werd de corticostriatale snij-levensvatbaarheid gekwantificeerd door TTC-analyse op 1 uur na reperfusie. TTC-omzetting werd berekend door de absorptie bij 490 nm te normaliseren op de controleschijf. Volgens de TTC-omzetting beschermt APC tegen OGD-geïnduceerde reperfusie letsel in een aanvangstijd en duurafhankelijke wijze. In detail heeft zowel 1 en 3 min. Acidose behandeling de levensduur verbeterd na 5 minuten na 15 minuten OGD,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia at JoVE.com

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Zure postconditioning beschermt tegen cerebrale ischemie. Hier presenteren wij twee modellen om APC uit te voeren. Ze worden respectievelijk bereikt door corticostriatale plakjes over te brengen naar zure buffer na zuurstof-glucose-deprivatie in vitro en door inademing van 20% CO 2 na middelste cerebrale arterie-occlusie in vivo .

Experimentele modellen om de neuroprotectie van zure postconditioning te bestrijden tegen cerebrale ischemie

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited therapeutic approaches. As an endogenous strategy for ...

The overall goal of acidosis treatment in a cortico striatal slice model in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model is to study the neuroprotective effect of acidic postconditioning against cerebral ischemia. This method can help answer key questions of how acidosis postconditioning may protect ischemic brain injury, and to develop new strategy for stroke therapy. The main advantage of this technique is being able to use widely available experiment models to study the neuroprotection of acidosis postconditioning.Demonstrating the procedure will be Yarong Zheng a graduate student from my lab. Begin by removing the brain from the skull of a decapitated mouse with a thin spatula and dropping it carefully into a beaker containing ice cold regular ACSF equilibrated with five percent carbon dioxide and 95%oxygen. Apply cryoprecipitate glue to the vibratone plate in two strips.Put a piece of three percent agarose on the glue strip furthest from the blade to support the brain. Then use forceps to transfer the brain to filter paper. Cut off the frontal pole and the cerebellum with a blade.Place the brain tissue vertically on the free strip of glue with the brain leaning against the agarose. Add ice cold ACSF to the cutting reservoir to submerge the brain and add ice to the ice holder area. Keep the ACSF in the reservoir bubbled with five percent carbon dioxide and 95%oxygen.After setting the vibratone to cut 400 micron sections, and correctly positioning the brain relative to the cutting blade, press the start-stop button to start automatic cutting. Use a Pasteur pipette with a cut tip to transfer five brain slices one by one and place them into the tissue holder in ice cold regular ACSF bubbled with five percent carbon dioxide and 95%oxygen. After 30 minutes at room temperature place the brain slices in a water bath at 37 degrees Celsius for ten minutes to recover synaptic function.Place glucose free ACSF and acidic ACSF into the 37 degree Celsius water bath and bubble the solutions with five percent carbon dioxide and 95%nitrogen and 20 percent carbon dioxide and 80%oxygen respectively for 30 minutes. Carefully transfer four of the five brain slices into a preheated 37 degree Celsius, glucose free ACSF and incubate for 15 minutes. To study the time window for acidic preconditioning transfer one slice directly from glucose free ACSF to acidic ACSF and transfer the other three slices to regular ACSF for reperfusion.After three minutes transfer the slice in acidic ACSF to regular ACSF. Then after five minutes in regular ACSF transfer one of the slices from regular ACSF to the tissue holder in acidic ACSF for three minutes. Transfer another slice in the same manner 15 minutes after reperfusion.The remaining slice that was placed in glucose free ACSF but not acidic ACSF is set as the oxygen glucose deprivation group. Transfer the slices from the ACSF into the wells of a 24 well plate containing TTC solution. Stretch out the slice in the solution.And then incubate at 37 degrees Celsius in a shallow water bath for 30 minutes. Next transfer the slices into clean, weighed, 1.5 milliliter centrifuge tubes covered in foil and measure the dry weight of the slices. After weighing, extract Formazan by adding a one to one solution of ethanol and dimethyl sulphoxide to the tubes at a volume to weight ratio of 10 to one.Incubate away from light for 24 hours. The next day transfer the ethanol dimethyl sulphoxide solution from the tubes to a 96 well plate and measure the absorbance at 490 nanometers using a plate reader. First confirm proper anesthesia by the absence of a toe pinch reflex.Then place the anesthetized mouse with LDF probe attached to its skull in a supine position and fix using sterile cotton threads. Disinfect the shaved skin of the neck with 75%ethyl alcohol. Then after making a peri median skin incision in the neck blunt dissect the soft tissues with forceps to expose the blood vessels.Add one drop of saline to the exposed tissues to keep them hydrated. Next, use ophthalmic forceps to dissect the common carotid artery from surrounding tissue and the vagus nerve. Be careful not to damage the vagus nerve.Place a micro vessel clamp at the distal end of the common carotid artery. And tie a dead knot with 6-0 silk sutures at the proximal end. Then tie a loose knot proximal to the clamp as a temporary suture.Next, use micro ophthalmic scissors to make a small longitudinal incision between the two knots as close to the dead knot as possible. Now insert a 12 millimeter, tip blunted monofilament through the incision into the artery lumen and advance it a few millimeters. Tighten the loose knot around the tip of the monofilament and then remove the clamp.Then use ophthalmic forceps to advance the filament into the internal carotid artery until the LDF software shows a sharp decline in blood flow. Record the start time of occlusion. Then cut off the LDF probe, and put the mouse in a 30 degree Celsius incubator for the one hour duration of occlusion.55 minutes after the start of occlusion reanesthetize the animal with isoflurane and position the animal as before. Then open the neck incision, and reexpose the common carotid artery. After the occlusion period, use ophthalmic forceps to gently pull out the filament to achieve reperfusion.Then turn the temporary suture into a permanent one by tightening the knot. For acidosis treatment change the gas inhaled by the nose cone to 20%carbon dioxide 20%oxygen, and 60%nitrogen for five minutes. After closing the incision with an interrupted surgical suture place the mouse in a 30 degree Celsius heated cage until the mouse regains consciousness.This histogram shows the results from the TTC assay performed on cortical slices after oxygen glucose deprivation and acidic postconditioning as demonstrated in this video. Three minutes of acidosis treatment was neuroprotective if treatment was initiated immediately or five minutes after oxygen glucose deprivation, but not if the slices were reperfused for 15 minutes. Mice were subjected to 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated by inhaling 20%carbon dioxide for five minutes at five, 50, or 100 minutes after reperfusion.Infarct volume was quantified by two, three, five triphenyltetrazolium hydrochloride staining 24 hours after reperfusion as indicated by the black dotted lines. This histogram shows the percent infarct volume for each condition. The neuroprotection from acidic postconditioning was robust even when the onset time was delayed to 50 minutes after reperfusion.However, acidosis treatment initiated at 100 minutes did not block the ischemic injury. After watching the video you should have a good understanding of how to study the neuroprotection of acidosis postconditioning on OGD model of brain slices, and on MSO model of mice. While attempting the procedures it is important to remember that the extension and the duration of acidosis is very important to reproduce the protective effects.

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Monitoring of the spatiotemporal characteristics of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation is crucial for better understanding of the 
...

Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

Focus cerebrale ischemie Model door Endovasculaire Suture Occlusie van de midden cerebrale slagader in de Rat

Stroke is the leading cause of disability and the third leading cause of death in adults worldwide1. In human stroke, there exists a highly variable ...

Experimental Models for Study of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Physiology and Pathophysiology

Experimentele modellen voor Studie van het retinale pigmentepitheel fysiologie en pathofysiologie

We have developed a cell culture procedure that can produce large quantities of confluent monolayers of primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium ...

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound fTCD

Beoordeling van de cerebrale lateralisatie bij kinderen met behulp van functionele Transcranial Doppler-echografie (fTCD)

There are many unanswered questions about cerebral lateralization.  In particular, it remains unclear which aspects of language and nonverbal ability are ...

Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning

Strategieën voor de Studie van de neuronen van Cold-preconditionering

Neurological injury is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality from general anesthesia and related surgical procedures that could be alleviated by ...

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetische Manipulatie van Cerebellaire Korrel Neuronen<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; En<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Om te studeren Neuronale morfologie en Migratie

Developmental events in the brain including neuronal morphogenesis and migration are highly orchestrated processes. In vitro and in vivo analyses allow ...

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells

Evaluatie van de Bio-energetische Function in Cerebral vasculaire endotheelcellen

The integrity of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is critical to prevent brain injury. Cerebral vascular endothelial (CVE) cells are one of the cell types ...

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

Een magnetische resonantie beeldvorming Protocol voor beroerte begin tijd schatting in permanente cerebrale ischemie

MRI provides a sensitive and specific imaging tool to detect acute ischemic stroke by means of a reduced diffusion coefficient of brain water. In a rat ...

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures As a Model to Study Neuroprotection and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice culturen als een Model voor de studie neuroprotectie en invasiviteit van tumorcellen

In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), the morphological and functional characteristics of both neurons and glial cells are well preserved. ...