Name: highly multiplexed, super-resolution imaging of t cells using madstorm
Uploaded: 2017-06-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM at JoVE.com

Vi takker Xufeng Wu for adgang til STORM-mikroskopet. Denne forskning blev støttet af Intramural Research Programmet fra National Cancer Institute (NCI) Center for Cancer Research og National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI).

Forsigtig: Se venligst alle relevante sikkerhedsdatablade (MSDS) inden brug. Flere af de kemikalier, der anvendes i denne protokol, er toksiske og kræftfremkaldende. Brug venligst alle relevante sikkerhedsprincipper, når du udfører protokollen, herunder brug af tekniske kontroller (dampkåbe, handskerum) og personlige værnemidler (sikkerhedsbriller, handsker, lab coat, fuld længde bukser, lukkede sko). 1. Multiplexet billeddannelse af aktiverede T-celler <ol><li> Direkte konjugerede a...

<ol>
	<li>Betzig, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+intracellular+fluorescent+proteins+at+nanometer+resolution.">Imaging intracellular fluorescent proteins at nanometer resolution.</a> Science. 313 (5793), 1642-1645 (2006).</li><li>Hess, S. T., Girirajan, T. P., Mason, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-high+resolution+imaging+by+fluorescence+photoactivation+localization+microscopy.">Ultra-high resolution imaging by fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy.</a> Biophys J. 91 (11), 4258-4272 (2006).</li><li>Rust, M. J., Bates, M., Zhuang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sub-diffraction-limit+imaging+by+stochastic+optical+reconstruction+microscopy+(STORM).">Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM).</a> Nat Methods. 3 (10), 793-795 (2006).</li><li>van de Linde, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+stochastic+optical+reconstruction+microscopy+with+standard+fluorescent+probes.">Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy with standard fluorescent probes.</a> Nat Protoc. 6 (7), 991-1009 (2011).</li><li>Mortensen, K. I., Churchman, L. S., Spudich, J. A., Flyvbjerg, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+localization+analysis+for+single-molecule+tracking+and+super-resolution+microscopy.">Optimized localization analysis for single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy.</a> Nat Methods. 7 (5), 377-381 (2010).</li><li>Thompson, R. E., Larson, D. R., Webb, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precise+nanometer+localization+analysis+for+individual+fluorescent+probes.">Precise nanometer localization analysis for individual fluorescent probes.</a> Biophys J. 82 (5), 2775-2783 (2002).</li><li>Rieger, B., Stallinga, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+lateral+and+axial+localization+uncertainty+in+super-resolution+light+microscopy.">The lateral and axial localization uncertainty in super-resolution light microscopy.</a> Chemphyschem. 15 (4), 664-670 (2014).</li><li>Pertsinidis, A., Zhang, Y., Chu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subnanometre+single-molecule+localization,+registration+and+distance+measurements.">Subnanometre single-molecule localization, registration and distance measurements.</a> Nature. 466 (7306), 647-651 (2010).</li><li>Bates, M., Jones, S. A., Zhuang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stochastic+optical+reconstruction+microscopy+(STORM):+a+method+for+superresolution+fluorescence+imaging.">Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM): a method for superresolution fluorescence imaging.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. (6), 498-520 (2013).</li><li>Yi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=madSTORM:+a+superresolution+technique+for+large-scale+multiplexing+at+single-molecule+accuracy.">madSTORM: a superresolution technique for large-scale multiplexing at single-molecule accuracy.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 27 (22), 3591-3600 (2016).</li><li>Bates, M., Huang, B., Dempsey, G. T., Zhuang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multicolor+super-resolution+imaging+with+photo-switchable+fluorescent+probes.">Multicolor super-resolution imaging with photo-switchable fluorescent probes.</a> Science. 317 (5845), 1749-1753 (2007).</li><li>Dempsey, G. T., Vaughan, J. C., Chen, K. H., Bates, M., Zhuang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+fluorophores+for+optimal+performance+in+localization-based+super-resolution+imaging.">Evaluation of fluorophores for optimal performance in localization-based super-resolution imaging.</a> Nat Methods. 8 (12), 1027-1036 (2011).</li><li>Erdelyi, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Correcting+chromatic+offset+in+multicolor+super-resolution+localization+microscopy.">Correcting chromatic offset in multicolor super-resolution localization microscopy.</a> Opt Express. 21 (9), 10978-10988 (2013).</li><li>Gerdes, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+multiplexed+single-cell+analysis+of+formalin-fixed,+paraffin-embedded+cancer+tissue.">Highly multiplexed single-cell analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancer tissue.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 (29), 11982-11987 (2013).</li><li>Jungmann, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplexed+3D+cellular+super-resolution+imaging+with+DNA-PAINT+and+Exchange-PAINT.">Multiplexed 3D cellular super-resolution imaging with DNA-PAINT and Exchange-PAINT.</a> Nat Methods. 11 (3), 313-318 (2014).</li><li>Nanguneri, S., Flottmann, B., Horstmann, H., Heilemann, M., Kuner, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+tomographic+super-resolution+fluorescence+imaging+of+serially+sectioned+thick+samples.">Three-dimensional tomographic super-resolution fluorescence imaging of serially sectioned thick samples.</a> PLoS One. 7 (5), e38098 (2012).</li><li>Schubert, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analyzing+proteome+topology+and+function+by+automated+multidimensional+fluorescence+microscopy.">Analyzing proteome topology and function by automated multidimensional fluorescence microscopy.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 24 (10), 1270-1278 (2006).</li><li>Tam, J., Cordier, G. A., Borbely, J. S., Sandoval Alvarez, A., Lakadamyali, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-talk-free+multi-color+STORM+imaging+using+a+single+fluorophore.">Cross-talk-free multi-color STORM imaging using a single fluorophore.</a> PLoS One. 9 (7), e101772 (2014).</li><li>Valley, C. C., Liu, S., Lidke, D. S., Lidke, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+superresolution+imaging+of+multiple+targets+using+a+single+fluorophore.">Sequential superresolution imaging of multiple targets using a single fluorophore.</a> PLoS One. 10 (4), e0123941 (2015).</li><li>Hoebe, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+light-exposure+microscopy+reduces+photobleaching+and+phototoxicity+in+fluorescence+live-cell+imaging.">Controlled light-exposure microscopy reduces photobleaching and phototoxicity in fluorescence live-cell imaging.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 25 (2), 249-253 (2007).</li><li>Kiuchi, T., Higuchi, M., Takamura, A., Maruoka, M., Watanabe, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multitarget+super-resolution+microscopy+with+high-density+labeling+by+exchangeable+probes.">Multitarget super-resolution microscopy with high-density labeling by exchangeable probes.</a> Nat Methods. 12 (8), 743-746 (2015).</li><li>Campi, G., Varma, R., Dustin, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Actin+and+agonist+MHC-peptide+complex-dependent+T+cell+receptor+microclusters+as+scaffolds+for+signaling.">Actin and agonist MHC-peptide complex-dependent T cell receptor microclusters as scaffolds for signaling.</a> J Exp Med. 202 (8), 1031-1036 (2005).</li><li>Sarkar, S. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wide-field+in+vivo+background+free+imaging+by+selective+magnetic+modulation+of+nanodiamond+fluorescence.">Wide-field in vivo background free imaging by selective magnetic modulation of nanodiamond fluorescence.</a> Biomed Opt Express. 5 (4), 1190-1202 (2014).</li></ol>

Den sekventielle multiplexering, driftskorrektion og justeringsprocedurer i madSTORM tillader præcis, højmultiplexeret visualisering af heterogene strukturer i celler. 10 Derudover undgår madSTORM begrænsningerne i multi-farve STORM, såsom kromatisk aberration og suboptimale fotoswitching / emissionsegenskaber af ikke-farfarfarvestoffer 9 , 12 . Da elueringstrinnet signifikant reducerer sterisk interferens fra sekventielt bundne anti...

En række superopløsningsmikroskopiteknikker er blevet udviklet til at overvinde diffraktionsgrænsen for lysmikroskopi (~ 200 nm). Blandt disse er en kategori af teknikker kaldet single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), som omfatter fotoaktivering lokalisering mikroskopi (PALM) og stokastisk optisk rekonstruktion mikroskopi (STORM). SMLM teknikker deler i brugen af ​​fluoroforer, der kan skiftes mellem på (fluorescerende) og off (mørke / foto-switchede) tilstande, hvilket muliggør sekventiel lokalisering af fluorescens fra enkeltmolekyler 1 , 2 , 3 . På grund af dets kompatibilitet med kommercielt tilgængelige farvestoffer og mikroskoper er direkte STORM (dSTORM) blevet en almindeligt vedtaget SMLM-teknik 4 . DSTORM kan rutinemæssigt opnå ~ 10 nm lokaliseringspræcision, defineret som usikkerheden ved beregning af centrum for en diffraktionIonbegrænset punktspredningsfunktion (PSF). På trods af den høje præcision, der anslås ved hjælp af lokaliseringsalgoritmerne 5 , 6 , 7 , er nøjagtig bestemmelse af den faktiske placering af enkeltmolekyler blevet hæmmet af en række problemer. For det første tilføjer mekanisk bevægelse af mikroskopfasen under billedopsamling betydelig usikkerhed omkring lokaliseringspræcision. Da SMLM-billeder opnås over tusindvis af tidsrammer, kan nano-skala bevægelser i mikroskopetrinnet betydeligt kompromittere præcisionen af ​​det endelige superopløsningsbillede 8 . For at kompensere for trinbevægelse under billedkøb, estimeres scenydrift almindeligvis fra regressionsbaseret montering af in-situ lokaliseringer fra selve billedet (krydskorrelation) eller sekventielle lokaliseringer fra fiducial-markører (fiducial-korrektion) 1 , 9 . HowevEr, disse metoder kræver optimering af flere parametre for hver billedstabel og kan ikke tage højde for scenebevægelser på kort tidskalaer som mekanisk vibration. Guldnano-partikler og flerfarvede fluorescerende perler er blevet anvendt som fiducial markører i SMLM, men de er ikke fotostabile og resulterer i signifikant lavere præcision efter driftskorrektion end nitrogen fluorescerende nanodiamanter (FND&#39;er) I madSTORM 10 . Ud over diffraktionsgrænsen er lysmikroskopi yderligere begrænset af spektrale grænser. Samtidig visualisering af flere mål kræver fluorescerende sonder med ikke-overlappende spektrale profiler, der generelt begrænser fluorescensbaseret lysmikroskopi til 6 farver og SMLM til 2-3 farver 4 , 11 , 12 . Desuden forårsager ikke-lineær kromatisk afvigelse forskydning af flerfarvede billeder, wDer kræver omfattende justeringsprocedurer ved brug af flerfarvede fiducial markører 8 , 13 . For at overvinde disse grænser har tidligere undersøgelser afbildet flere mål ved anvendelse af gentagen fotoblegning eller kemisk quenching af sekventielt bundne fluoroforer 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 . Selvom disse fremgangsmåder kan overvinde mikroskopiens spektrale grænser, er fluorescensblegning kendt for at være en toksisk proces 20 , og langvarig blegning eller slukning kan forårsage uønskede bivirkninger såsom tab af tværbinding. Desuden kan akkumuleringen af ​​fluorescerende prober føre til sterisk blokering af bindingssteder i prøven, hvilket forhindrer storskala multiplexering og robust målretning af epitoper. For at undgå sådan sterisk indblanding er en nylig sTudy opnået multipleksering ved anvendelse af stokastisk udveksling af frit diffunderende proteinfragmenter 21 . Mens denne metode tillader tæt mærkning af cellulære strukturer, kræver det omfattende biokemisk præparation til isolering af peptidfragmenter, kan ikke lokalisere enkeltmolekylpositioner og letter ikke let ved hjælp af storskala multiplexering ved anvendelse af kommercielt tilgængelige prober. Vi præsenterer en detaljeret videoprotokol, der beskriver sekventiel binding og eluering af fluorescensantistoffer til multiplexeret, antistofstørrelsesbegrænset dSTORM (madSTORM) billedbehandling og anvendelse af fluorescerende nanodiamanter for at opnå præcis driftskorrektion og justering.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="598">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">8 well coverslip chamber</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Lab-tek</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">155409</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.1% Poly-L-Lysine solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8920</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NV-100nm Fluorescent Nano-diamond</td>
			<td>Adamas</td>
			<td>Red FND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-CD3&#949; antibody</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555329</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine serum albumin, Fraction V</td>
			<td>KSE Scientific</td>
			<td>98-100P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton-X</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15712</td>
			<td>Carcinogen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gelatin from fresh water fish skin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 647 antibody labeling kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A20186</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Magnesium Chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>138924</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PIPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP337-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7154</td>
			<td>Highly toxic, air sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cysteamine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>30070</td>
			<td>Highly toxic&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cyclooctatetraene 98%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>138924</td>
			<td>Highly toxic, air sensitive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10x PBS</td>
			<td>KD Medical</td>
			<td>RGF-3210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10x TBS</td>
			<td>KD Medical</td>
			<td>RGF-3385</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

highly multiplexed, super-resolution imaging of t cells using madstorm

Imaging heterogene cellulære strukturer ved anvendelse af enkeltmolekyl lokalisering mikroskopi er blevet forhindret af utilstrækkelig lokalisering præcision og multiplexing evne. Ved hjælp af fluorescerende nano-diamant fiducial markører beskriver vi driftskorrektions- og justeringsprocedurerne, der kræves for at opnå høj præcision i enkeltmolekyle lokaliseringsmikroskopi. Derudover er der beskrevet en ny multiplexeringsstrategi, madSTORM, hvori flere molekyler er målrettet i den samme celle ved anvendelse af sekventiel binding og eluering af fluorescerende antistoffer. MadSTORM er demonstreret på en aktiveret T-celle for at visualisere placeringen af ​​forskellige komponenter i en membranbundet, multi-proteinstruktur kaldet T-cellereceptor-mikroklassen. Derudover er anvendelsen af ​​madSTORM som et generelt værktøj til visualisering af multi-proteinstrukturer diskuteret.

Den sekventielle eluerings- og farvningsfremgangsmåde blev anvendt til at fremstille det multipleksede madSTORM-billede af mikroklyngere og andre strukturer i en aktiveret Jurkat T-celle ( Figur 1 , kontrolfigurjusteringer). Hvert pseudo-farvet billede repræsenterer en runde madSTORM-billeddannelse erhvervet i trin 1.1.1 til 1.3.13. Som beskrevet tidligere 10 skal synsfeltet overvåges for restsignal fra tidligere, ikke-elueret anti...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM at JoVE.com

Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM

Vi demonstrerer en metode til at vise flere molekyler inden for heterogene nanostrukturer ved nøjagtighed af enkeltmolekyler ved hjælp af sekventiel binding og eluering af fluorescensmærkede antistoffer.

Meget multiplexeret, superopløselig billeddannelse af T-celler ved hjælp af madSTORM

Imaging heterogeneous cellular structures using single molecule localization microscopy has been hindered by inadequate localization precision and ...

The overall goal of this imaging protocol is to visualize multiple proteins in an activated T cell, using single molecule localisation microscopy. This method can help answer key questions in the T cell activation field such as, the single molecule distribution of TC or microcluster components. The main advantage of this technique is that, it allows greater multiplexing than achieved by current supervised solution microscopy methods.To begin, directly conjugate antibodies with Alexa 647 dye, using the Alexa 647 antibody labeling kit, following the labeling protocol provided by the manufacturer. Centrifuge the labeled antibodies for five minutes at 20, 800 times G.Following centrifugation, collect the supernatant to remove the aggregated antibodies. Next, coat A12 cover slip chambers with 250 microliters of 01%poly-l-lyzine for 15 minutes.Then, aspirate the solution without rinsing and dry the chambers at 65 degree celsius for 30 minutes. Prepare dilution of 100 nanometer fluorescent nanodiamonds or FNDs, in one PBS, test various dilutions to ensure that enough FNDs will be visible in each field. Vortex the diluted FNDs for one minute.Next, sonicate the FND supernatant for 30 seconds at a high power setting. Incubate the sonicated FND supernatant in a poly-l-lyzine coated A12 cover slip chamber for 30 minutes at room temperature. After washing the chamber five times, with 1x PBS, visualize the FND coated chamber using 647 nanometer laser excitation on the turf microscope.Use a 100x objective tealed a 61 by 61 micron field of view. Ideally, four to 10 individual FNDs should be visible in the field of view, given the appropriate dilution of FNDs, with at least one FND present in each quadrant of the imaging field. Once the proper density of FNDs has been achieved, add 250 microliters of anti-CD3 antibody to each well.Incubate the chamber for one hour at 37 degree celsius or overnight at four degree celsius. Following incubation, remove the solution from the wells and add 1x PBS for 30 seconds. Repeat this wash step five times.Spin one milliliter of Jurkat T cells at 800 times G for six minutes. Jurkat T cells should ideally be at a concentration of 0.5 to one million cells per milliliter concentration before spinning. Re-suspend the cells in 300 microliters of 1x HBS solution.Meanwhile, add 150 microliters of 1x HBS solution to each well of the chamber and incubate at 37 degree celsius for 15 minutes. Then, add 50 microliters of the re-suspended Jurkat T cells to each well and incubate for three minutes at 37 degree celsius. Next, add 300 microliters of 4%paraformaldehyde to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at 37 degree celsius.After washing three times with 1x PBS, permeabilise the cells, by adding 250 microliters of 01%Triton x solution for five minutes at room temperature. Following three additional washes with 1x PBS, add 250 microliters of 1%fish gelatin solution to each well for 30 minutes at room temperature. Finally, wash the cells three more times with 1x PBS.Add 200 microliters of labeled antibody at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter to the fixed cells for one hour at room temperature. After washing the cells five times with 1x PBS, add one milliliter of STORM buffer and cover the chamber with a glass cover slip to limit exposure. Use clamps on the microscope stage to hold the cover slip chamber in position.This step is critical for large scale multiplexing, since the same field of view must be present after several rounds of washing and incubation. Using a low 647 nanometer laser power in turf mode, locate a stained cell with at least three FNDs in the field of view. Increase the 647 nanometer laser power and acquire the images.Typical parameters can be found in the text protocol. Wash the cells five times with 1x tris-buffered saline or 1x TBS. Then, add one milliliter of elution buffer and incubate at room temperature for one minute.Repeat the elution three times. Use the exact elution conditions and a number of elution rinses needed to remove the signal as specified for each antibody. Then, wash the cells three times with 1x TBS and add one milliliter of 1x PBS.Proper execution of this elution step, will result in removal of previously bound antibody and allow higher efficiency for subsequent antibody labeling. It is important to use TBS for washes to minimize precipitation between elution steps. Photo bleach the cells using a 647 nanometer laser at high power, with a 405 nanometer laser at two to five milliwatts to photo activate Alexa 647 dyes in the dark state.Wait until all remaining signal from non-eluted antibody is photo bleached. Typically, this takes two to five seconds of laser exposure. Acquire sample images, using the STORM settings after illusion and photo bleaching, to confirm removal of the signal.Next, add 250 microliters of 4%paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes. This prevents reverse cross-linking of fixed molecules in the cell. Wash the cells three times with 1x PBS.Repeat these steps for sequential labeling of multiple targets. Finally, perform drift correction and alignment of multiplex image stacks at described in the text protocol. The sequential illusion and standing method was used to produce the multiplex MET STORM image of microclusters and other structures in an activated Jurkat T cell.The final MET STORM image has been corrected for a drift and alignment, using average fiducial correction and FND fiducial markers. Shown here, are single molecule localisation microscopy images of a single FND localized in 30, 000 image frames before and after drift correction with average fiducial correction. Similarly, here are single molecule localisation microscopy images of an activated Jurkat T cell stained with anti-phosphorelated SLP76 antibody and FND futusial markers, before and after drift correction with average futusial correction.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to perform multiplexed super resolution imaging of proteins in an activated T cell, using MET STORM. Once mastered, this technique can be done in three hours for each multiplexing round. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to keep the specimen in the same position on the microscope stage.This can be done using stage clamps. Don't forget that working with our modified STORM buffer, can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as, respirators and goggles should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Retroviral Transduction of T-cell Receptors in Mouse T-cells

T-cell receptors (TCRs) play a central role in the immune system. TCRs on T-cell surfaces can specifically recognize peptide antigens presented by antigen ...

Ex vivo Imaging of T Cells in Murine Lymph Node Slices with Widefield and Confocal Microscopes

Ex vivo Imaging of T Cells in Murine Lymph Node Slices with Widefield and Confocal Microscopes

Na&iuml;ve T cells continuously traffic to secondary lymphoid organs, including peripheral lymph nodes, to detect rare expressed antigens. The migration ...

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood  &gamma;&delta; T Cells using Zoledronate

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood  &#947;&#948; T Cells using Zoledronate

Human &gamma;&delta; T cells can recognize and respond to a wide variety of stress-induced antigens, thereby developing innate broad anti-tumor and ...

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells

Generering af inducerede regulatoriske T-celler fra primære humane naive og memory T-celler

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

Highly Resolved Intravital Striped-illumination Microscopy of Germinal Centers

Stærkt Løst Intravital Striped-belysning mikroskopi af kimcentre

Monitoring cellular communication by intravital deep-tissue multi-photon microscopy is the key for understanding the fate of immune cells within thick ...

Averaging of Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes from Electron Cryotomography Reconstructions using Jsubtomo

Midling af viruskappeglycoproteinet Spikes fra Electron Cryotomography Rekonstruktioner hjælp Jsubtomo

Enveloped viruses utilize membrane glycoproteins on their surface to mediate entry into host cells. Three-dimensional structural analysis of these ...

Super-resolution Imaging of the Natural Killer Cell Immunological Synapse on a Glass-supported Planar Lipid Bilayer

Super-resolution Imaging af Natural Killer Cell Immunologisk Synapse på et glas-understøttet Planar lipiddobbeltlaget

The glass-supported planar lipid bilayer system has been utilized in a variety of disciplines. One of the most useful applications of this technique has ...

Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica Effector Translocation into Host Cells Using Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions

Analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica Effector Translocation into Host Cells Using Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions

Analyse af<em&gt; Yersinia enterocolitica</em&gt; Effector Translokation i værtsceller Brug Beta-lactamase Effector Fusions

Many gram-negative bacteria including pathogenic Yersinia spp. employ type III secretion systems to translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic target ...

Cortical Actin Flow in T Cells Quantified by Spatio-temporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data

Kortikal Actin Flow i T-celler kvantificeret ved Spatio-temporale billede Korrelation spektroskopi af Struktureret Illumination Microscopy data

Filamentous-actin plays a crucial role in a majority of cell processes including motility and, in immune cells, the formation of a key cell-cell ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol

In vitro differentiering af humane CD4 + Foxp3 + Induced Regulatory T-celler (iTregs) fra naive CD4 + T-celler under anvendelse et TGF-β-holdige protokol