Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

Denne undersøgelse blev støttet af to nationale institutter for sundhedsbidrag: HL089447 (&quot;Fedme og OSA: Forstå betydningen af ​​tunge fedt og metabolisk funktion&quot;) og HL094307 (&quot;Forstå forholdet mellem fedme og tunge fedt&quot;)

Alle procedurer, herunder dyrefag, er godkendt af Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) fra University of Pennsylvania (protokol nr. 805822). Den beskrevne fremgangsmåde er terminal og kræver ikke anvendelse af aseptiske betingelser eller farmaceutiske kvalitetsprodukter. 1. Kirurgiske procedurer <img alt="figur 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1: Kirurgiske proce...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Didgeridoo+playing+as+alternative+treatment+for+obstructive+sleep+apnea+syndrome:+randomised+controlled+trial.">Didgeridoo playing as alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: randomised controlled trial.</a> BMJ. 332 (7536), 266-270 (2006).</li><li>Guimar&#227;es, K. C., Drager, L. F., Genta, P. R., Marcondes, B. F., Lorenzi-Filho, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+oropharyngeal+exercises+on+patients+with+moderate+obstructive+sleep+apnea+syndrome.">Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 179 (10), 962-966 (2009).</li><li>Ueda, H., Almeida, F. R., Chen, H., Lowe, A. 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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upper-airway+stimulation+for+obstructive+sleep+apnea.">Upper-airway stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea.</a> N Engl J Med. 370 (2), 139-149 (2014).</li><li>Perrier, P., Payan, Y., Zandipour, M., Perkell, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influences+of+tongue+biomechanics+on+speech+movements+during+the+production+of+velar+stop+consonants:+A+modeling+study.">Influences of tongue biomechanics on speech movements during the production of velar stop consonants: A modeling study.</a> J Acoust Soc Am. 114 (3), 1582-1599 (2003).</li><li>Connor, N. 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Ændringer i tungemetabolismen og / eller sammensætningen, fx tunge fedtsinfiltrering som følge af fedme, forudses at medføre kvantificerbare ændringer af parametrene vurderet ved vores protokol. Kvantificeringen af ​​tungekraft er af stor interesse, da en ubalance mellem fremspringende og retrusiv aktivitet eller overordnet tunge svækkelse kan resultere i okklusion af den øvre luftvej 15 . Træningsteknikker, der sigter mod at øge tunge styrke, er blevet anvendt med succes ho...

<html> Tungen giver væsentlig støtte til mastication, afgiftition, smagsfølsomhed og tale. Tilstedeværelsen af ​​ekstrinsic og indre muskulatur, med særskilt indervation og anatomi / funktion, tegner sig for den unikke karakter af denne muskulære hydrostat. Nylige fremskridt inden for billedteknik har givet et mere detaljeret billede af dets komplekse anatomi 1 . Reduceret tungefunktionalitet, tungeatrofi, dysfagi og taleforstyrrelser er også almindelige manifestationer af myopatiske tilstande, såsom Parkinson 2 , Amyotrofisk Lateral Sclerose (ALS) 3 , Myotonisk Dystrofi (MD) 4 og andre myopatier. Ændringer i muskelsammensætning associeret med almindelige sygdomstilstande påvirker tungens mekaniske og viskoelastiske egenskaber. For eksempel har funktionel analyse af tungekraft afdækket ændringer i kontraktile egenskaber forbundet med aldringSs = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5 , 6 , hypoxi 7 , 8 og fedme 9 , 10 . I tilfælde af muskeldystrofi fører forøget fibrose til højere muskelstivhed, hvilket betyder, at deformation overholdes, når der anvendes en Lissajous deformationsprotokol 11 . Omvendt ændrer ændringer i muskelfedtindholdet, ligesom dem, der dokumenteres hos overvægtige patienter, både de metaboliske 12 og mekaniske egenskaber i skelettmuskel 13 , 14 og forventes at øge muskeloverensstemmelsen efter deformation. Øget tungefedt korrelerer også med udviklingen af ​​obstruktiv søvnapnø (OSA) hos mennesker 17 ved at øge tungevolumen til punktet for delvis øvre luftvejseklusion (apnø) 15 , 16 . SimIlarly til mennesker, er tunge fedtsinfiltrering dokumenteret i overvægtige Zucker-rotter 10 , hvilket tyder på, at denne model er et værdifuldt værktøj til at studere virkningerne af fedtinfiltrering på tunfysiologi. Målingstunge kraft kræver følsomme kirurgiske teknikker til at isolere og bilateralt stimulere hypoglossale nerver 17 , 18 . Sådanne teknikker er tidligere blevet beskrevet i rotter 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , kaniner 21 og mennesker 22 , 23 , men dog med begrænsede visuelle hjælpemidler til undersøgeren. På grund af dets meget tekniske karakter vil tilgængeligheden af ​​en detaljeret protokol betydeligt forbedre tilgængeligheden og reproducerbarheden af ​​denne teknik. Målet med vores eksperimentelle paradigme er at sygeUstrate en gyldig og pålidelig teknik til måling af styrke og viskoelastiske egenskaber af tungen i en rotte model. For at opnå dette bedres rotten, hypoglossale nerver udsættes, og luftrøret er kanyleres for at sikre fri adgang til dyrets tunge. En sutursløjfe forbinder så spidsen af ​​tungen med en krafttransducer, der er i stand til at styre både kraft og længde, mens to bipolære krogelektroder stimulerer hypoglossale nerver til at inducere sammentrækning af tungen. Efter at kraftmåling er afsluttet, anvendes kraftoverføringsorganets længdekontrolfunktioner til hurtigt at ændre længden af ​​tungen ifølge en sinusbølgeprotokol med faste amplitude (Lissajous-kurver), varighed og frekvens, hvilket gør det muligt for en at udlede Dets viskoelastiske egenskaber 11 , 24 . Protokollen vil lede efterforskeren gennem dissektionstrinnene, positioneringen af ​​dyret på den eksperimentelle platfoRm, placering af elektroder og endelig til opkøb og analyser af kraft- og viskoelasticitetsdata.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="577">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">SurgiSuite (heated Surgical tray)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SurgiSuite-LG</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Includes heated platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">LED Lighting and Magnification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SURGI- 5003</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">RC2 Rodent Circuit Controller</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">922100</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Butler Schein Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">29405</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Alcohol Prep</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Webcol</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6818</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">MediChoice</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">WOD1002</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair clipper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Conair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair remover lotion</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Transpore</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

Tungen er en stærkt innerveret og vaskulariseret muskelhydrostat på gulvet i de fleste hvirveldyrs mund. Dets primære funktioner omfatter understøttelse af masticering og afbøjning samt smagsfølsomhed og fonetik. Følgelig kan styrken og volumenet af tungen påvirke hvirveldyrs evne til at udføre grundlæggende aktiviteter som fodring, kommunikation og vejrtrækning. Menneskepatienter med søvnapnø har forstørrede tunger, præget af nedsat muskelton og øget intramuskulært fedt, som kan visualiseres og kvantificeres ved magnetisk resonansbilleddannelse (MR). Evnerne til at måle kraftgenerering og viskoelastiske egenskaber af tungen er vigtige værktøjer til at opnå funktionel information for at korrelere med billeddannelsesdata. Her præsenterer vi teknikker til måling af tungekraftproduktion i bedøvede Zucker-rotter via elektrisk stimulering af hypoglossale nerver og til bestemmelse af de viskoelastiske egenskaber oF tungen ved at anvende passive Lissajous kraft / deformationskurver.

<img alt="Figur 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> Figur 3: Repræsentative resultater. (A) Eksempler på succesfulde træk og tetaniske kraftspor. Den tilsvarende stimulering er repræsenteret ved det røde spor. (B) Eksempel på mislykkede tunge tetaniske sammentrækninger på grund af submaximal sammentrækning (blå spor) og indirekte stimulering af nakke muskler. Begge betingelser kan forbe...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Vi beskriver en kirurgisk procedure i en bedøvet rottemodel til bestemmelse af tungenes muskelton og viskoelastiske egenskaber. Proceduren indebærer specifik stimulering af hypoglossale nerver og anvendelse af passive Lissajous kraft / deformationskurver til musklen.

In vivo Evaluering af Rattens Tunge Mekaniske og Viskoelastiske Egenskaber

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1. To date, the only effective treatment ...

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

The Spared Nerve Injury SNI Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared ...

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Håndtering af bomuld Rat i Undersøgelser for præklinisk evaluering af onkolytiske Vira

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Udvikling af en Direct Pulp-capping Model for Vurdering af pulpa Sårheling og Reparative Dentin Formation i mus

Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Re Arterialized rotte delvis lever Transplantation med en i vivo fartøj-orienterede 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Evaluering af cerebral Blood flow Autoregulation i rotter ved hjælp af Laser Doppler Flowmetry

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

En sonderingsanordning til kvantitativ måling af de mekaniske egenskaber af blødt væv under artroskopi

Probing in arthroscopic surgery is performed by pulling or pushing the soft tissue, which provides feedback for understanding the condition of the soft ...

Biological Preparation and Mechanical Technique for Determining Viscoelastic Properties of Zonular Fibers

Biologisk forberedelse og mekanisk teknik til bestemmelse af viskoelastiske egenskaber af zonefibre

Elasticity is essential to the function of tissues such as blood vessels, muscles, and lungs. This property is derived mostly from the extracellular ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex vivo og in vivo dyremodeller for mekaniske og kemiske skader på hornhindepitel

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Gentagen blodprøvetagning fra den subklaviske vene hos bevidst rotte

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...