Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

Dit onderzoek werd ondersteund door twee National Institutes of Health Grants: HL089447 (&quot;Obesitas and OSA: Understanding the Importance of Tongue Fat &amp; Metabolic Function&quot;) en HL094307 (&quot;De Verhouding Betekenen Van Obesitas En Tong Fat&quot;)

Alle procedures, inclusief diergeneeskunde, zijn goedgekeurd door het Institutionele Diervoeder- en Gebruikskomitee (IACUC) van de Universiteit van Pennsylvania (protocolnummer 805822). De beschreven procedure is terminal en vereist geen gebruik van aseptische omstandigheden of farmaceutische producten. 1. Chirurgische procedures <img alt="Figuur 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" /> Figuur...

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Veranderingen in de tongmetabolisme en / of samenstelling, bijvoorbeeld tongvetinfectie als gevolg van obesitas, worden voorspeld om kwantificeerbare veranderingen van de parameters te beoordelen die door ons protocol worden beoordeeld. De kwantificering van de tongkracht is van groot belang, aangezien een onevenwicht tussen uitstulpende en retraterende activiteit of algemene tongverzwakking kan leiden tot de occlusie van de bovenste luchtweg 15 . Oefeningstechnieken die gericht zijn op ...

<html> De tong biedt essentiële ondersteuning voor masticatie, ontbinding, smaakwaarneming en spreken. De aanwezigheid van extrinsieke en intrinsieke musculatuur, met een duidelijke innervatie en anatomie / functie, staat voor de uniekheid van deze gespierde hydrostat. Recente vooruitgang in beeldvormingstechnieken heeft een gedetailleerder beeld van zijn complexe anatomie 1 gegeven . Verminderde tongfunctionaliteit, tongatrofie, dysfagie en spraakbeperkingen zijn ook gebruikelijke manifestaties van myopathische aandoeningen zoals Parkinson 2 , Amyotrofische Laterale Sclerose (ALS) 3 , Myotonische Dystrofie (MD) 4 en andere myopathieën. Veranderingen in spiersamenstelling geassocieerd met gemeenschappelijke ziektebeelden beïnvloeden de mechanische en viscoelastische eigenschappen van de tong. Bijvoorbeeld, functionele analyse van de tong kracht heeft ontdekt veranderingen in contractiele eigenschappen geassocieerd met verouderingSs = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5 , 6 , hypoxie 7 , 8 en obesitas 9 , 10 . Bij spierdystrofie leidt de verhoogde fibrose tot hogere spierstijfheid, wat vertaalt om de naleving van deformatie te verminderen wanneer een Lissajous deformatieprotocol wordt toegepast 11 . Omgekeerd veranderen de veranderingen in spiervetgehalte, zoals die welke bij zwaarlijvige patiënten zijn gedocumenteerd, zowel metabolische 12 als mechanische eigenschappen van de skeletspieren 13 , 14, en worden voorspeld om de spiercontrole op vervorming te verhogen. Verhoogde tongvet komt ook overeen met de ontwikkeling van obstructieve slaapapneu (OSA) bij mensen 17 door het verhogen van de tongvolume tot op het punt van partiële bovenste luchtwegopname (apneu) 15 , 16 . SimLelijk aan mensen, is tongvetinfectie gedocumenteerd in zwaarlijvige Zucker ratten 10 , wat suggereert dat dit model een waardevol instrument is voor het bestuderen van de effecten van vetinfectie op tongfysiologie. Meetsterkracht vereist delicate chirurgische technieken om de hypoglossale zenuwen 17 , 18 te isoleren en bilateraal te stimuleren. Dergelijke technieken zijn eerder beschreven in ratten 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , konijnen 21 en mensen 22 , 23 , maar met beperkte visuele hulpmiddelen aan de onderzoeker. Vanwege de zeer technische aard zou de beschikbaarheid van een gedetailleerd protocol de toegankelijkheid en reproduceerbaarheid van deze techniek aanzienlijk verbeteren. Het doel van ons experimentele paradigma is te ziekUstrate een geldige en betrouwbare techniek voor het meten van sterkte en viscoelastische eigenschappen van de tong in een ratmodel. Om dit te bereiken wordt de rat verdoofd, de hypoglossale zenuwen worden blootgesteld en de luchtpijp is gecontroleerd om vrije toegang te bieden tot de tong van het dier. Een hechtingslus verbindt dan de punt van de tong met een krachttransducer die in staat is om zowel kracht als lengte te controleren, terwijl twee bipolaire haakelektroden de hypoglossale zenuwen stimuleren om de samentrekking van de tong te veroorzaken. Nadat de krachtmeting is voltooid, worden de lengtebeperkende mogelijkheden van de krachtoverdrager gebruikt om de lengte van de tong snel te veranderen, volgens een sinusgolfprotocol met vaste amplitude (Lissajous-curven), duur en frequentie, waardoor men ergens kan leiden Zijn viscoelastische eigenschappen 11 , 24 . Het protocol leidt de onderzoeker door de dissectiestap, de positionering van het dier op de experimentele platfoRm, plaatsing van elektroden, en tenslotte op de acquisitie en analyse van de kracht- en viscoelasticiteitsgegevens.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="577">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">SurgiSuite (heated Surgical tray)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SurgiSuite-LG</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Includes heated platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">LED Lighting and Magnification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SURGI- 5003</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">RC2 Rodent Circuit Controller</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">922100</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Butler Schein Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">29405</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Alcohol Prep</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Webcol</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6818</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">MediChoice</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">WOD1002</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair clipper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Conair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair remover lotion</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Transpore</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

De tong is een zeer ingeburgerde en vascularized spierhydrostat op de vloer van de mond van de meeste gewervelde dieren. De voornaamste functies zijn onder meer het ondersteunen van masticatie en ontbinding, evenals smaakwaarneming en fonetiek. Bijgevolg kan de sterkte en het volume van de tong het vermogen van gewervelde dieren beïnvloeden om basisactiviteiten te verwezenlijken, zoals het voeden, communiceren en ademen. Menselijke patiënten met slaapapneu hebben vergrote tong, gekenmerkt door verminderde spiertonus en verhoogd intramusculair vet dat kan worden gedetecteerd en gekwantificeerd door magnetische resonantiebeeldvorming (MRI). De mogelijkheden om krachtgeneratie en viscoelastische eigenschappen van de tong te meten zijn belangrijke instrumenten voor het verkrijgen van functionele informatie om te correleren met beeldgegevens. Hier presenteren we technieken voor het meten van tongkrachtproductie bij verdovende Zucker-ratten via elektrische stimulatie van de hypoglossale zenuwen en voor het bepalen van de viscoelastische eigenschappen oF de tong door passieve Lissajous kracht / vervormingskrommen toe te passen.

<img alt="Figuur 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> Figuur 3: Representatieve resultaten. (A) Voorbeelden van succesvolle spier- en tetanische krachtsporen. De bijbehorende stimulatie wordt weergegeven door het rode spoor. (B) Voorbeeld van mislukte tong tetanische contracties door submaximale samentrekking (blauwe sporen) en indirecte stimulatie van de nekspieren. Beide omstandigheden kunnen wo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

We beschrijven een chirurgische procedure in een verdoofd ratmodel voor het bepalen van de spiertonus en de viscoelastische eigenschappen van de tong. De procedure omvat specifieke stimulatie van de hypoglossale zenuwen en toepassing van passieve Lissajous kracht / vervormingskrommen op de spier.

In Vivo Evaluatie van de Mechanische en Viscoelastische Eigenschappen van de Rat Tongue

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

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Kwantitatieve Visualisatie en detectie van huidkanker Met behulp van Dynamic Thermal Imaging

In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1. To date, the only effective treatment ...

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

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Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is ...

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Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Evaluatie van cerebrale bloedstroom autoregulatie in de rat met behulp van laser doppler flowmetrie

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

Een indringend apparaat voor het kwantitatief meten van de mechanische eigenschappen van zachte weefsels tijdens artroscopie

Probing in arthroscopic surgery is performed by pulling or pushing the soft tissue, which provides feedback for understanding the condition of the soft ...

Biological Preparation and Mechanical Technique for Determining Viscoelastic Properties of Zonular Fibers

Biologische voorbereiding en mechanische techniek voor het bepalen van visco-elastische eigenschappen van zonulaire vezels

Elasticity is essential to the function of tissues such as blood vessels, muscles, and lungs. This property is derived mostly from the extracellular ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex vivo en in vivo diermodellen voor mechanische en chemische verwondingen van cornea-epitheel

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

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Repetitieve bloedafname uit de subclavia-ader van bewuste rat

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...