Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

この調査は、2つの国立衛生研究所（HL089447）（「肥満およびOSA：舌脂肪および代謝機能の重要性の理解」）およびHL094307（「肥満および舌脂肪の関係の理解」）によって支持された

動物被験者を含むすべての手順は、ペンシルバニア大学の機関動物管理および使用委員会（IACUC）（議定書番号805822）によって承認されている。記載された手順は終末であり、無菌状態または医薬グレードの製品の利用を必要としない。 1.外科的処置<img alt="図1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" /> 図1：?...

<ol>
	<li>Sanders, I., Mu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+three-dimensional+atlas+of+human+tongue+muscles.">A three-dimensional atlas of human tongue muscles.</a> Anat Rec (Hoboken). 296 (7), 1102-1114 (2013).</li><li>Ciucci, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tongue+force+and+timing+deficits+in+a+rat+model+of+Parkinson+disease.">Tongue force and timing deficits in a rat model of Parkinson disease.</a> Behav Brain Res. 222 (2), 315-320 (2011).</li><li>Easterling, C., Antinoja, J., Cashin, S., Barkhaus, P. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+activity+of+the+tongue+in+obstructive+sleep+apnea.+A+novel+application+of+FDG+positron+emission+tomography+imaging.">Metabolic activity of the tongue in obstructive sleep apnea. A novel application of FDG positron emission tomography imaging.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 189 (11), 1416-1425 (2014).</li><li>Gilliam, E. E., Goldberg, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contractile+properties+of+the+tongue+muscles:+effects+of+hypoglossal+nerve+and+extracellular+motoneuron+stimulation+in+rat.">Contractile properties of the tongue muscles: effects of hypoglossal nerve and extracellular motoneuron stimulation in rat.</a> J Neurophysiol. 74 (2), 547-555 (1995).</li><li>Sokoloff, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localization+and+contractile+properties+of+intrinsic+longitudinal+motor+units+of+the+rat+tongue.">Localization and contractile properties of intrinsic longitudinal motor units of the rat tongue.</a> J Neurophysiol. 84 (2), 827-835 (2000).</li><li>Becker, B. J., Russell, J. A., Connor, N. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+aging+on+evoked+retrusive+tongue+actions.">Effects of aging on evoked retrusive tongue actions.</a> Arch Oral Biol. 60 (6), 966-971 (2015).</li><li>Connor, N. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tongue+muscle+plasticity+following+hypoglossal+nerve+stimulation+in+aged+rats.">Tongue muscle plasticity following hypoglossal nerve stimulation in aged rats.</a> Muscle Nerve. 47 (2), 230-240 (2013).</li><li>Seo, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nerve+cuff+electrode+using+embedded+magnets+and+its+application+to+hypoglossal+nerve+stimulation.">Nerve cuff electrode using embedded magnets and its application to hypoglossal nerve stimulation.</a> J Neural Eng. 13 (6), 066014 (2016).</li><li>Friedman, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+hypoglossal+nerve+stimulation+for+the+treatment+of+obstructive+sleep+apnea:+Six-month+results.">Targeted hypoglossal nerve stimulation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: Six-month results.</a> Laryngoscope. 126 (11), 2618-2623 (2016).</li><li>Heiser, C., Maurer, J. 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舌代謝および/または組成、 例えば肥満の結果としての舌脂肪浸潤の変化は、本発明者らのプロトコルによって評価されるパラメータの定量化可能な変化を引き起こすと予測される。舌の力の定量化は大きな関心事である。何故ならば、突き出る活動と後退する活動との間の不均衡または全体的な舌の弱化は、上気道15の閉塞をもたらし得るからである。ラット<sup clas...

<html>舌は、咀嚼、嚥下、味覚センシング、および発言に不可欠なサポートを提供します。明確な神経支配および解剖学的/機能を有する外因性および内因性の筋肉の存在は、この筋肉質のハイドロスタットの特異性を説明する。最近の画像技術の進歩により、その複雑な解剖学的構造1のより詳細な図が提供されている1 。舌機能の低下、舌の萎縮、嚥下障害および言語障害は、パーキンソン2 、筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS） 3 、筋緊張性ジストロフィー（MD） 4および他のミオパチーのような筋障害状態の共通症状でもある。 一般的な疾患状態に関連する筋肉組成の変化は、舌の機械的特性および粘弾性特性に影響を及ぼす。例えば、舌力の機能解析は、老化に伴う収縮特性の変化を明らかにしているss = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5,6 、低酸素症7,8および肥満9,10 。筋ジストロフィーの場合、線維化の増加はより高い筋肉の剛性をもたらし、リサジューの変形プロトコルが適用されたときの変形に対する適合性が低下する。逆に、肥満患者に記載されているような筋肉脂肪含量の変化は、骨格筋13,14の代謝および機械的特性の両方を変化させ、変形に対する筋肉コンプライアンスを増加させると予測される。舌脂肪の増加はまた、部分上気道閉塞（無呼吸）の点まで舌体積を増加させることによって、ヒト17における閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸（OSA）の発症と相関する15,16 。シムヒトと同様に、舌脂肪の浸潤は肥満のZuckerラット10に記録されており、このモデルは脂肪の浸潤が舌の生理作用に及ぼす影響を研究する貴重なツールであることを示唆している。 舌の力を測定するには、舌下神経17,18を分離して両側に刺激するために繊細な外科的技術が必要である。このような技術は、ラット5,17,19,20、ウサギ21およびヒト22,23 において以前に記載されているが、研究者に視覚補助は限られている。その高度な技術的性質のために、詳細なプロトコルの利用可能性は、この技術のアクセス可能性および再現性を著しく改善する。実験的なパラダイムの目標は、病気ラットモデルの舌の強度と粘弾性を測定するための有効で信頼性の高い技術を習得します。これを達成するために、ラットを麻酔し、舌下神経を露出させ、気管にカニューレを挿入して動物の舌に自由に接近させる。次いで、縫合ループは、舌の先端を、力と長さの両方を制御することができる力トランスデューサに接続し、一方、2つの双極フック電極は、舌下神経を刺激して舌の収縮を誘発する。力測定が完了した後、一定の振幅（リサージュ曲線）、持続時間および周波数を有する正弦波プロトコルに従って、力変換器の長さ制御能力を用いて舌の長さを迅速に変化させ、その粘弾性11,24。このプロトコールは、解剖ステップ、実験動物の位置付けrm、電極の配置、および最後に力および粘弾性データの取得および分析に至る。

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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

舌は、ほとんどの脊椎動物の口の床に高度に神経支配され、血管新生された筋肉静止画である。主な機能には、咀嚼と嚥下のサポート、味覚と音韻のサポートが含まれます。したがって、舌の強度および体積は、脊椎動物が摂食、伝達および呼吸などの基本的な活動を達成する能力に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。睡眠時無呼吸のヒト患者は、舌を大きくし、筋緊張の低下および筋内脂肪の増加を特徴とし、磁気共鳴映像法（MRI）によって視覚化および定量化することができる。舌の力発生および粘弾性を測定する能力は、画像化データと相関する機能的情報を得るための重要なツールを構成する。ここでは、麻酔下のZuckerラットにおける舌下神経の電気刺激による舌力産生の測定技術および粘弾性特性の決定技術を紹介するf受動的なリサージュ力/変形曲線を適用して舌を形成する。

<img alt="図3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> 図3：代表的な結果。 （A）成功した攣縮と破傷風の跡の例。対応する刺激は、赤い痕跡によって表される。 （B）極大収縮（青色痕跡）および頚部筋肉の間接刺激による舌の破裂収縮の失敗の例。両方の状態は、刺激電極の位置を変えることによって、または電...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

我々は、舌の筋緊張および粘弾性を決定するための麻酔したラットモデルにおける外科的処置を記載する。この手順は、舌下神経の特異的刺激、および受動的リサージュ力/変形曲線の筋肉への適用を含む。

ラット舌の機械的および粘弾性的特性のインビボ評価

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

定量的な可視化と動的な熱画像を用いた皮膚癌の発見

In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1. To date, the only effective treatment ...

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

The Spared Nerve Injury SNI Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

マウスで誘導機械的異痛症の倹約神経損傷（SNI）モデル

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared ...

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

腫瘍溶解性ウイルスの前臨床評価のための研究のコットンラットの取扱い

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

歯髄の評価のための直接覆髄モデルの開発、創傷治癒およびマウスにおける修復象牙質形成

Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

再門脈部分肝移植のラット体内血管指向 70% 肝切除

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

レーザードップラー流量測定を用いたラットにおける脳血流自動調節の評価

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

関節鏡検査中の軟組織の機械的特性を定量的に測定する探査装置

Probing in arthroscopic surgery is performed by pulling or pushing the soft tissue, which provides feedback for understanding the condition of the soft ...

Biological Preparation and Mechanical Technique for Determining Viscoelastic Properties of Zonular Fibers

ゾヌラー繊維の粘弾性特性を決定するための生物学的調製と機械的技術

Elasticity is essential to the function of tissues such as blood vessels, muscles, and lungs. This property is derived mostly from the extracellular ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

角膜上皮の機械的および化学的損傷のためのEx Vivoおよびin vivo動物モデル

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

意識性ラットの鎖骨下静脈からの反復採血

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...