Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

이 연구는 두 가지 국립 보건 보조금에 의해 지원되었다 : HL089447 ( &quot;비만 및 OSA : 혀 지방 및 대사 기능의 중요성 이해&quot;) 및 HL094307 ( &quot;비만과 혀 지방의 관계 이해&quot;)

동물 대상을 포함하는 모든 절차는 펜실베니아 대학의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC) (의정서 번호 805822)에 의해 승인되었습니다. 설명 된 절차는 터미널이며 무균 상태 또는 의약품 제품의 사용을 필요로하지 않습니다. 1. 수술 절차 <img alt="그림 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1 : 수술 절?...

<ol>
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혀 신진 대사 및 / 또는 구성의 변화, 예를 들어 비만의 결과로서 혀 지방 침윤은 우리의 프로토콜에 의해 평가 된 매개 변수의 정량화 가능한 변화를 야기 할 것으로 예측된다. 혀의 힘의 정량화는 대단히 흥미로운데, 돌출 된 활동과 후퇴하는 활동 사이의 불균형 또는 전반적인 혀의 약화로 인해 상부기도의 폐색이 발생할 수 있기 때문입니다. 혀의 힘을 증가시키는 것을 목표로하는 운동 ...

<html> 혀는 저작, 씹기, 맛 감지 및 말하기에 필수적인 지원을 제공합니다. 명료 한 신경 분포 및 해부학 / 기능을 가진 외인성 및 내인성 근육 조직의 존재는이 근육질 수 구좌의 독창성을 설명합니다. 이미징 기술의 최근 발전으로 복잡한 해부학 1에 대해보다 자세히 살펴볼 수있었습니다 1 . 혀 기능 저하, 혀 위축, 연하 장애 및 언어 장애는 또한 파킨슨 병 2 , 근 위축성 측삭 경화증 (ALS) 3 , 근전 이영양증 (MD) 4 및 기타 근병증과 같은 근육 병적 상태의 흔한 징후입니다. 일반적인 질병 상태와 관련된 근육 구성의 변화는 혀의 기계적 및 점탄성 특성에 영향을 미칩니다. 예를 들어, 혀의 기능 분석은 노화와 관련된 수축 특성의 변화를 밝혀 냈습니다ss = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5 , 6 , 저산소증 7 , 8 및 비만 9 , 10 . 근이영양증의 경우 섬유화가 증가하면 근육 경직도가 높아져서 Lissajous 변형 프로토콜을 적용 할 때 변형에 대한 순응도가 낮아집니다. 반대로, 비만 환자에서 기록 된 것과 같은 근육 지방 함량의 변화는 골격근 13 , 14 의 신진 대사와 기계적 특성을 변화 시키며 변형에 대한 근육 순응도를 증가시킬 것으로 예측됩니다. 혀의 지방 증가는 부분적 상부기도 폐쇄 (무호흡) 시점까지 혀의 체적을 증가시킴으로써 인간 17 의 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증 (OSA)의 발달과 관련이 있습니다 15 , 16 . 심인간과 마찬가지로 혀 지방의 침윤은 뚱뚱한 Zucker rats 10 에 기록되어있어이 모델은 혀의 생리학에 지방 침투의 효과를 연구하는 데 유용한 도구임을 시사합니다. 혀의 힘을 측정하는 것은 hypoglossal 신경을 고립시키고 양측으로 자극하기 위해 섬세한 수술 기술을 요구합니다 17 , 18 . 이러한 기술은 이전에 래트 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 토끼 21 및 인간 22 , 23 에서 기술되었지만 조사자에게는 시각 보조 도구가 제한적이었다. 기술 수준이 높기 때문에 자세한 프로토콜의 가용성으로이 기술의 접근성과 재현성이 크게 향상됩니다. 실험 패러다임의 목표는 아픈 것입니다.쥐 모델에서 혀의 강도와 점탄성을 측정하기위한 정확하고 신뢰할 수있는 기법을 권장합니다. 이것을 달성하기 위해, 쥐를 마취하고, hypoglossal 신경이 노출되고 동물의 혀에 자유롭게 접근 할 수 있도록 기관에 캐 뉼러를 설치합니다. 봉합 고리는 혀의 끝 부분을 힘과 길이를 조절할 수있는 힘 변환기에 연결하는 반면, 두 개의 양극 훅 전극은 혀의 수축을 유도하는 하울그 신경 신경을 자극합니다. 힘 측정이 완료된 후 힘 변환기의 길이 제어 기능을 사용하여 고정 된 진폭 (Lissajous curves), 지속 시간 및 주파수를 갖는 사인파 프로토콜에 따라 혀의 길이를 빠르게 변경합니다. 그것의 점탄성 특성 11 , 24 . 프로토콜은 해부 단계, 실험 platfo에서 동물의 위치를 ​​통해 조사자를 안내합니다rm, 전극 배치, 마지막으로 힘 및 점탄성 데이터의 수집 및 분석에 이르기까지 다양합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="577">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">SurgiSuite (heated Surgical tray)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SurgiSuite-LG</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Includes heated platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">LED Lighting and Magnification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SURGI- 5003</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">RC2 Rodent Circuit Controller</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">922100</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Butler Schein Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">29405</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Alcohol Prep</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Webcol</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6818</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">MediChoice</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">WOD1002</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair clipper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Conair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair remover lotion</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Transpore</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

혀는 대부분 척추 동물의 입 바닥에 매우 신경이 분산되고 혈관이 형성된 근육 수압 장치입니다. 그것의 1 차적인 기능은 저작 감각 및 혀의 지원뿐만 아니라 맛 감지 및 음성학을 지원합니다. 따라서 혀의 강도와 부피는 척추 동물이 먹이, 의사 소통 및 호흡과 같은 기본적인 활동을 수행하는 능력에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 수면 무호흡증을 앓고있는 환자는 근육 긴장이 감소되고 근육 내 지방이 증가하여 자기 공명 영상 (MRI)으로 시각화되고 정량화 될 수있는 방언이 확대됩니다. 혀의 힘 생성 및 점탄성 특성을 측정하는 능력은 이미징 데이터와 관련이있는 기능적 정보를 얻기위한 중요한 도구를 구성합니다. 여기, 우리는 hypoglossal 신경의 전기 자극을 통해 마취 주커 쥐에서 혀의 힘 생산을 측정하고 점탄성 속성을 결정하기위한 기술을 제시합니다f 수동 Lissajous 힘 / 변형 곡선을 적용하여 혀.

<img alt="그림 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> 그림 3 : 대표 결과. (A) 성공적인 트 위치 및 파상 포스 트레이스의 예. 해당 자극은 빨간색 추적으로 표시됩니다. (B) 하악 수축 (파란 흔적)과 목 근육의 간접 자극으로 인한 혀의 파상풍 수축 실패의 예. 자극 전극을 재배치하거나 전극 종단과 주변 근육 조직 사?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

우리는 혀의 근육의 음색과 점탄성을 결정하기위한 마취 된 쥐 모델에서 수술 과정을 설명합니다. 절차는 hypoglossal 신경의 특정 자극과 수동 Lissajous 힘 / 변형 곡선의 근육에 적용이 포함됩니다.

혀의 기계적 및 점탄성 특성에 대한 생체 내 평가

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

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Medicine

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

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Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

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Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

각막 상피의 기계적 및 화학적 손상에 대한 Ex Vivo 및 In Vivo 동물 모델

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

의식 쥐의 쇄골 하 정맥에서 반복적 인 혈액 샘플링

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...