Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

Denne undersøkelsen ble støttet av to National Institutes of Health Grants: HL089447 (&quot;Fedme og OSA: Forstå betydningen av tunge fett og metabolisk funksjon&quot;) og HL094307 (&quot;Forstå forholdet mellom fedme og tunge fett&quot;)

Alle prosedyrer, inkludert dyrefag, er godkjent av Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ved University of Pennsylvania (protokoll nummer 805822). Den beskrevne prosedyre er terminal og krever ikke bruk av aseptiske forhold eller farmasøytiske kvalitetsprodukter. 1. Kirurgiske prosedyrer <img alt="Figur 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1: Kirurgiske prosedyrer.</st...

<ol>
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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+activity+of+the+tongue+in+obstructive+sleep+apnea.+A+novel+application+of+FDG+positron+emission+tomography+imaging.">Metabolic activity of the tongue in obstructive sleep apnea. A novel application of FDG positron emission tomography imaging.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 189 (11), 1416-1425 (2014).</li><li>Gilliam, E. E., Goldberg, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contractile+properties+of+the+tongue+muscles:+effects+of+hypoglossal+nerve+and+extracellular+motoneuron+stimulation+in+rat.">Contractile properties of the tongue muscles: effects of hypoglossal nerve and extracellular motoneuron stimulation in rat.</a> J Neurophysiol. 74 (2), 547-555 (1995).</li><li>Sokoloff, A. 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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AlphaB-crystallin+in+lens+development+and+muscle+integrity:+a+gene+knockout+approach.">AlphaB-crystallin in lens development and muscle integrity: a gene knockout approach.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 42 (12), 2924-2934 (2001).</li><li>Spassov, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+expression+of+myosin+heavy+chain+isoforms+in+the+masticatory+muscles+of+dystrophin-deficient+mice.">Differential expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in the masticatory muscles of dystrophin-deficient mice.</a> Eur J Orthod. , ciq113 (2010).</li><li>Lever, T. 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Endringer i tungmetabolismen og / eller sammensetningen, f. Eks. Tungfettinfiltrering som følge av fedme, antas å forårsake kvantifiserbare endringer av parametrene vurdert av vår protokoll. Kvantifiseringen av tungekraft er av stor interesse, siden en ubalanse mellom fremspringende og retrusiv aktivitet eller generell tungevekst kan føre til okklusjon av øvre luftvei 15 . Treningsteknikker med sikte på å øke tunge styrke har blitt brukt med suksess i rotter 25...

<html> Tungen gir vesentlig støtte til masticering, avgrensning, smakfølelse og snakk. Tilstedeværelsen av ekstrinsic og indre muskulatur, med tydelig innervering og anatomi / funksjon, står for det unike ved denne muskulære hydrostat. Nylige fremskritt innen bildeteknikk har gitt et mer detaljert syn på sin komplekse anatomi 1 . Redusert tungefunksjonalitet, tungeatrofi, dysfagi og taleforstyrrelser er også vanlige manifestasjoner av myopatiske tilstander som Parkinson 2 , amyotrofisk lateral sklerose (ALS) 3 , myotonisk dystrofi (MD) 4 og andre myopatier. Endringer i muskel sammensetning forbundet med vanlige sykdomstilstander påvirker de mekaniske og viskoelastiske egenskapene til tungen. For eksempel har funksjonell analyse av tungekraft avdekket endringer i kontraktile egenskaper forbundet med aldringSs = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5 , 6 , hypoksi 7 , 8 og fedme 9 , 10 . I tilfelle av muskeldystrofi fører økt fibrose til høyere muskelstivhet, noe som betyr at det blir mindre overensstemmelse med deformasjon når en Lissajous deformasjonsprotokoll brukes 11 . Omvendt endrer endringer i muskelfettinnhold, som de som er dokumentert hos overvektige pasienter, både de metabolske 12 og mekaniske egenskapene til skjelettmuskel 13 , 14 og forventes å øke muskeloverensstemmelsen til deformasjon. Økt tungefett korrelerer også med utviklingen av obstruktiv søvnapné (OSA) hos mennesker 17 ved å øke tungevolumet til punktet for delvis øvre luftveis okklusjon (apné) 15 , 16 . SimIlarly til mennesker, har tungefettinfiltrasjon blitt dokumentert i obese Zucker-rotter 10 , noe som tyder på at denne modellen er et verdifullt verktøy for å studere effekten av fettinfiltrering på tungfysiologi. Måling av tungekraft krever delikate kirurgiske teknikker for å isolere og bilateralt stimulere hypoglossale nerver 17 , 18 . Slike teknikker har tidligere blitt beskrevet i rotter 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , kaniner 21 og mennesker 22 , 23 , men med begrensede visuelle hjelpemidler til etterforskeren. På grunn av sin høyteknologiske natur vil tilgjengeligheten av en detaljert protokoll forbedre tilgjengeligheten og reproduserbarheten av denne teknikken betydelig. Målet med vårt eksperimentelle paradigme er å sykeUstrate en gyldig og pålitelig teknikk for måling av styrke og viskoelastiske egenskaper av tungen i en rotte modell. For å oppnå dette blir rotten bedøvet, hypoglossale nerver blir eksponert og luftrøret er kanylert for å sikre fri adgang til dyrets tunge. En sutursløyfe kobler deretter spissen av tungen til en kraftgiver, som er i stand til å kontrollere både kraft og lengde, mens to bipolare krokelektroder stimulerer hypoglossale nerver til å indusere sammentrekning av tungen. Etter at kraftmåling er fullført, brukes kraftoverføringsenhetens lengdekontrollerende evner for raskt å forandre lengden på tungen, i henhold til en sinusbølgeprotokoll med faste amplitude (Lissajous-kurver), varighet og frekvens, slik at en kan utlede Dets viskoelastiske egenskaper 11 , 24 . Protokollen vil lede etterforskeren gjennom disseksjonstrinnene, posisjoneringen av dyret på den eksperimentelle plattformenRm, plassering av elektroder, og til slutt til oppkjøpet og analysene av kraft- og viskoelastisk data.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="577">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">SurgiSuite (heated Surgical tray)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SurgiSuite-LG</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Includes heated platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">LED Lighting and Magnification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SURGI- 5003</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">RC2 Rodent Circuit Controller</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">922100</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Butler Schein Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">29405</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Alcohol Prep</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Webcol</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6818</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">MediChoice</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">WOD1002</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair clipper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Conair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair remover lotion</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Transpore</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

Tungen er en svært innervert og vaskulær muskelhydrostat på gulvet i munnen til de fleste vertebrater. Dens primære funksjoner inkluderer støtte masticering og deglutition, samt smak-sensing og fonetikk. Følgelig kan styrken og volumet på tungen påvirke vertebratens evne til å oppnå grunnleggende aktiviteter som fôring, kommunikasjon og pusting. Menneskelige pasienter med søvnapné har forstørrede tunger, karakterisert ved redusert muskelton og økt intramuskulært fett som kan visualiseres og kvantifiseres ved magnetisk resonansbilder (MR). Evne til å måle kraftgenerering og viskoelastiske egenskaper av tungen er viktige verktøy for å skaffe funksjonell informasjon for å korrelere med bildedata. Her presenterer vi teknikker for måling av tungekraftproduksjon i bedøvede Zucker-rotter via elektrisk stimulering av hypoglossale nerver og for å bestemme viskoelastiske egenskaper oF tungen ved å bruke passive Lissajous kraft / deformasjonskurver.

<img alt="Figur 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> Figur 3: Representative resultater. (A) Eksempler på vellykkede tråkk og tetanisk kraftspor. Tilsvarende stimulering er representert ved det røde sporet. (B) Eksempel på mislykkede tunge tetaniske sammentrekninger på grunn av submaximal sammentrekning (blå spor) og indirekte stimulering av nakke muskler. Begge forholdene kan forbedres ved ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Vi beskriver en kirurgisk prosedyre i en bedøvet rottemodell for å bestemme muskeltonen og viskoelastiske egenskaper av tungen. Prosedyren innebærer spesifikk stimulering av hypoglossal nerver og påføring av passive Lissajous kraft / deformasjonskurver til muskelen.

In vivo Evaluering av de mekaniske og viskoelastiske egenskapene til rotte tungen

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1. To date, the only effective treatment ...

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

The Spared Nerve Injury SNI Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared ...

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Håndtering av Cotton Rat i studier for de prekliniske Evaluering av Onkolytiske virus

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Utvikling av en direkte Pulp-capping modell for evaluering av pulpal Wound Healing og reparerende Dentin Dannelse i Mus

Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Nytt Arterialized Rat delvis leveren transplantasjon med en i vivo fartøyet orienterte 70% Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Evaluering av cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation i Rat bruke laser Doppler Flowmetry

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

En sonderingsenhet for kvantitativt måling av de mekaniske egenskapene til bløtvev under artroskopi

Probing in arthroscopic surgery is performed by pulling or pushing the soft tissue, which provides feedback for understanding the condition of the soft ...

Biological Preparation and Mechanical Technique for Determining Viscoelastic Properties of Zonular Fibers

Biologisk forberedelse og mekanisk teknikk for å bestemme viskoelastiske egenskaper til zonulære fibre

Elasticity is essential to the function of tissues such as blood vessels, muscles, and lungs. This property is derived mostly from the extracellular ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex vivo og in vivo dyremodeller for mekaniske og kjemiske skader på hornhinneepitel

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Repeterende blodprøvetaking fra den subklaviske venen hos bevisst rotte

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...