Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

Esta investigação foi apoiada por dois Institutos Nacionais de Subsídios de Saúde: HL089447 (&quot;Obesidade e OSA: Compreender a Importância da Língua Fat &amp; Metabolic Function&quot;) e HL094307 (&quot;Compreensão da Relação entre Obesidade e Língua Fat&quot;)

Todos os procedimentos, incluindo assuntos de animais, foram aprovados pelo Comitê Institucional de Cuidados e Uso de Animais (IACUC) da Universidade da Pensilvânia (Protocolo número 805822). O procedimento descrito é terminal e não requer a utilização de condições assépticas ou produtos de grau farmacêutico. 1. Procedimentos cirúrgicos <img alt="figura 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" /><b...

<ol>
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Alterações no metabolismo e / ou composição da língua, por exemplo , infiltração de gordura na língua como conseqüência da obesidade, prevêem alterações quantificáveis ​​dos parâmetros avaliados pelo nosso protocolo. A quantificação da força da língua é de grande interesse uma vez que um desequilíbrio entre a atividade protrusiva e retrusiva ou enfraquecimento geral da língua pode resultar na oclusão da via aérea superior 15 . As técnicas de exercício com o ...

<html> A língua fornece suporte essencial para mastigação, deglutição, sensação ao gosto e fala. A presença de musculatura extrínseca e intrínseca, com inervação e anatomia / função distintas, explica a singularidade desse hydrostat muscular. Os avanços recentes em técnicas de imagem forneceram uma visão mais detalhada de sua anatomia complexa 1 . A diminuição da funcionalidade da língua, a atrofia da língua, disfagia e impedimentos de fala também são manifestações comuns de doenças miopáticas como Parkinson 2 , esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ALS) 3 , distrofia miotônica (MD) 4 e outras miopatias. Alterações na composição muscular associadas a estados de doença comuns afetam as propriedades mecânicas e viscoelásticas da língua. Por exemplo, a análise funcional da força da língua revelou mudanças nas propriedades contráteis associadas ao envelhecimentoSs = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5 , 6 , hipoxia 7 , 8 e obesidade 9 , 10 . No caso da distrofia muscular, o aumento da fibrose leva à maior rigidez muscular, o que se traduz em uma menor adesão à deformação quando se aplica um protocolo de deformação Lissajous 11 . Por outro lado, as mudanças no teor de gordura muscular, como as documentadas em pacientes obesos, alteram as propriedades metabólicas 12 e mecânicas do músculo esquelético 13 , 14 e prevêem aumentar a adesão muscular à deformação. O aumento da gordura da língua também se correlaciona com o desenvolvimento da apneia obstrutiva do sono (OSA) em seres humanos 17 aumentando o volume da língua para o ponto de oclusão parcial das vias aéreas superiores (apneia) 15 , 16 . SimPor sua vez, a infiltração de gordura na língua foi documentada em ratos obesos Zucker 10 , sugerindo que este modelo é uma ferramenta valiosa para estudar os efeitos da infiltração de gordura na fisiologia da língua. A força da língua de medição requer técnicas cirúrgicas delicadas para isolar e estimular bilateralmente os nervos hipoglosos 17 , 18 . Tais técnicas foram descritas anteriormente em ratos 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , coelhos 21 e humanos 22 , 23 , ainda com auxílios visuais limitados para o investigador. Devido à sua natureza altamente técnica, a disponibilidade de um protocolo detalhado melhoraria significativamente a acessibilidade e a reprodutibilidade dessa técnica. O objetivo do nosso paradigma experimental é o doenteEstabelecer uma técnica válida e confiável para medir a força e as propriedades viscoelásticas da língua em um modelo de rato. Para realizar isso, o rato é anestesiado, os nervos hipoglosos são expostos e a traquéia é canulada para garantir o acesso gratuito à língua do animal. Um loop de sutura então conecta a ponta da língua a um transdutor de força, capaz de controlar força e comprimento, enquanto dois eletrodos de gancho bipolar estimulam os nervos hipoglosos a induzir a contração da língua. Após a conclusão da medida da força, as capacidades de controle de comprimento do transdutor de força são usadas para alterar rapidamente o comprimento da língua, de acordo com um protocolo de onda senoidal com amplitude fixa (curvas Lissajous), duração e freqüência, permitindo derivar Suas propriedades viscoelásticas 11 , 24 . O protocolo orientará o investigador através das etapas de dissecção, o posicionamento do animal no platfo experimentalRm, colocação de eletrodos e, finalmente, para a aquisição e análise dos dados de força e viscoelasticidade.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="577">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">SurgiSuite (heated Surgical tray)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SurgiSuite-LG</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Includes heated platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">LED Lighting and Magnification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SURGI- 5003</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">RC2 Rodent Circuit Controller</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VetEquip</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">922100</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Butler Schein Animal Health Supply</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">29405</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Alcohol Prep</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Webcol</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6818</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">MediChoice</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">WOD1002</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair clipper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Conair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair remover lotion</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Nair</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Transpore</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

A língua é um hidróstato muscular altamente inervado e vascularizado no chão da boca da maioria dos vertebrados. Suas principais funções incluem o apoio à mastigação e deglutição, bem como sensação ao gosto e fonética. Conseqüentemente, a força e o volume da língua podem afetar a habilidade dos vertebrados para realizar atividades básicas, como alimentação, comunicação e respiração. Pacientes humanos com apneia do sono têm linguas alargadas, caracterizadas por redução do tônus ​​muscular e aumento da gordura intramuscular que pode ser visualizada e quantificada por ressonância magnética (MRI). As habilidades para medir a geração da força e as propriedades viscoelásticas da língua constituem ferramentas importantes para a obtenção de informação funcional para correlacionar os dados de imagem. Aqui, apresentamos técnicas para medir a produção da força da língua em ratos Zucker anestesiados através da estimulação elétrica dos nervos hipoglosos e para a determinação das propriedades viscoelásticas oF na língua aplicando curvas de força / deformação Lissajous passivas.

<img alt="Figura 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> Figura 3: Resultados representativos. (A) Exemplos de traços de força de tontão e tontânica bem sucedidos. A estimulação correspondente é representada pelo traço vermelho. (B) Exemplo de contracções tetanicas de língua mal sucedidas devido a contração submáxima (traço azul) e estimulação indireta dos músculos do pescoço. Amba...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Descrevemos um procedimento cirúrgico em um modelo de rato anestesiado para determinar o tônus ​​muscular e as propriedades viscoelásticas da língua. O procedimento envolve estimulação específica dos nervos hipoglosos e aplicação de curvas de força / deformação Lissajous passivas ao músculo.

Avaliação In Vivo das Propriedades Mecanicas e Viscoelásticas da Língua do Rato

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In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

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Preparação Biológica e Técnica Mecânica para Determinar Propriedades Viscoelásticas de Fibras Zonulares

Elasticity is essential to the function of tissues such as blood vessels, muscles, and lungs. This property is derived mostly from the extracellular ...

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Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Modelos Animais Ex Vivo e In Vivo para Lesões Mecânicas e Químicas do Epitélio da Córnea

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