Name: in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue
Uploaded: 2017-07-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

Bu araştırma iki Ulusal Sağlık Teşviği Enstitüsü tarafından desteklendi: HL089447 (&quot;Obezite ve OSA: Dilde Yağ ve Metabolik Fonksiyonun Önemini Anlamak&quot;) ve HL094307 (&quot;Obezite ve Dil Falı İlişkisini Anlamak&quot;)

Hayvan konuları da dahil olmak üzere tüm prosedürler, Pennsylvania Üniversitesi&#39;nin Kurumsal Hayvan Bakımı ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından onaylanmıştır (Protokol numarası 805822). Tarif edilen prosedür terminaldir ve aseptik koşulların veya farmasötik sınıf ürünlerin kullanılmasını gerektirmez. 1. Cerrahi İşlemler <img alt="Şekil 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig1.jpg" ...

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Dil metabolizması ve / veya bileşimindeki değişiklikler, örneğin obezite sonucu dilde yağ infiltrasyonunun, protokolümüz tarafından değerlendirilen parametrelerin nicelenebilir değişikliklerine neden olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Diş kuvvetinin nicelendirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır, çünkü çıkıntılı ve geriye çekici aktivite veya genel dilde zayıflama arasındaki bir dengesizlik üst hava yolu 15&#39;ün tıkanmasına neden olabilir. Dil kuvvetini artırmayı amaçlayan egzersiz t...

<html> Dil, çiğneme, sökme, tat algılama ve konuşma için gerekli desteği sağlar. Farklı innerve ve anatomi / fonksiyona sahip ekstrinsik ve intrinsik kasların varlığı, bu kaslı hidrostatın tekliğinden sorumludur. Görüntüleme tekniklerindeki son gelişmeler, karmaşık anatomisinin daha ayrıntılı bir görünümünü sağlamıştır 1 . Dil işlevselliklerinde azalma, dil atrofisi, disfaji ve konuşma engelleri, Parkinson 2 , Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz (ALS) 3 , Myotonic Distrofi (MD) 4 ve diğer miyopatiler gibi miyopatik rahatsızlıkların da belirtileridir. Sık görülen hastalık durumlarıyla ilişkili kas kompozisyonundaki değişiklikler dilin mekanik ve viskoelastik özelliklerini etkiler. Örneğin, dil kuvvetinin işlevsel analizi yaşlanma ile ilişkili kasılma özelliklerinde değişiklikler ortaya çıkarmıştırSs = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 5 , 6 , hipoksi 7 , 8 ve obezite 9 , 10 . Kas distrofisi durumunda, artmış fibrozis, bir kas gerilmesine neden olur ve bu da bir Lissajous deformasyon protokolü uygulandığında deformasyona daha az uyuma neden olur 11 . Tersine, obez hastalarda belgelenenler gibi kas yağ içeriğindeki değişiklikler hem metabolik 12 hem de iskelet kasının 13 , 14 mekanik özelliklerini değiştirir ve kasın deformasyona uyumunu artırması beklenir. Artan dil fizi, kısmi üst hava yolu tıkanıklığı (apne) noktasına dil hacmini arttırarak, insanlardaki 17 , obstrüktif uyku apnesinin (OSA) gelişimi ile de korelasyon gösterir 15,16. SimObez Zucker sıçanlarında ( 10) dilin yağ infiltrasyonu belgelendi ve bu modelin, dil fızyolojisine yağ infiltrasyonunun etkilerini incelemek için değerli bir araç olduğunu düşündürdü. Dil kuvvetinin ölçülmesi, hipoglossal sinirleri 17 , 18 izole etmek ve çift taraflı olarak stimule etmek için hassas cerrahi teknikler gerektirir. Bu tür teknikler daha önce farelere 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , tavşanlar 21 ve insanlar 22 , 23&#39;de tarif edilmiş, ancak araştırmacıya sınırlı görsel yardımlar yapılmıştır. Oldukça teknik doğası nedeniyle ayrıntılı bir protokolün varlığı, bu tekniğin erişilebilirliğini ve tekrarlanabilirliğini önemli ölçüde artıracaktır. Deneysel paradigmamızın amacı,Bir sıçan modelinde dilin mukavemet ve viskoelastik özelliklerini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir teknik gereklidir. Bunu gerçekleştirmek için sıçan anestezi altına alınıp, hipoglossal sinirlere maruz bırakılır ve hayvanın dile serbestçe erişmesini sağlamak için trakea kanüle edilir. Bir sütür ilmesi daha sonra, iki kuvvet ve uzunluğu kontrol edebilen bir kuvvet dönüştürücüsüne dilin ucunu bağlarken, iki bipolar kanca elektrotu hipoglossal sinirleri dilin kasılmasını başlatmaya teşvik eder. Kuvvet ölçümü tamamlandıktan sonra, kuvvet transdüserinin uzunluk kontrol yetenekleri, sabit amplitüd (Lissajous eğrileri), süresi ve frekansı olan bir sinüs dalgası protokolüne göre, dilin süresini hızla değiştirmek için kullanılır; Viskoelastik özellikleri 11 , 24 . Protokol araştırmacıya diseksiyon aşamaları, hayvanın deneysel platfo üzerinde konumlandırılması konularında rehberlik edecektirRm, elektrot yerleştirilmesi ve son olarak kuvvet ve viskoelastiklik verisinin edinimi ve analizleri.

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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">SurgiSuite (heated Surgical tray)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SurgiSuite-LG</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Includes heated platform</td>
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			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">LED Lighting and Magnification Kit</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SURGI- 5003</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">RC2 Rodent Circuit Controller</td>
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			<td style="width:89px;">922100</td>
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			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Isoflurane</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Alcohol Prep</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Hair remover lotion</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Medical tape</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Transpore</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">3M</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">D-PBS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">21-030-CM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Operating Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">503717-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Hemostatic Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Merit</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">97-458</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Any tissue forceps can be used instead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Microdissecting Forceps, Angled, Serrated, 10.2cm, SS</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">504479</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Suture Tying Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">18025-10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Blunt Micro Hook</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">10062-12</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Microhemostat</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">12075-14</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Thermal cautery</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">501292</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Disposable cauteries are available at lower cost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">IV 14g x 3.25&#34; cannula</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">B-D382268H</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For tracheal cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided silk non-absorbable suture size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">SP104</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For stabilization of the tracheal cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Braided non-absorbable silk 5/0 suture</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Surgik LC, USA</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">ESILRC15387550</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For suturing the tongue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Plastic-coated metal twist-tie (or electrical wire)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the rat&#39;s nose to the platform</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:203px;">Camera stick</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">3 way-swivel and Trilene 9Kg test monofilament line</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Berkley</td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For securing the jaw and maintaining the mouth open</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Camera stick with adjustable angle</td>
			<td style="width:99px;"></td>
			<td style="width:89px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;">For supporting the 3 way-swivel and maintaining the mouth open.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:203px;">in situ Muscle Test System</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">809C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">This system is designed for mice and was modified by extending the platform. Alternatively the rat-specific 806D system can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="119">
			<td height="119" style="height:119px;width:203px;">Dual-Mode Muscle lever (force transducer)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">Aurora Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">305C-LR</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">309C offers higher excursion capabilities than 305C-LR. Link for more information and specifications: http://aurorascientific.com/products/muscle-physiology/dual-mode-muscle-levers/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Needle Electrodes (surgical steel, 29 gauge)</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">AD Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">MLA1204</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">300C is recommended for use in mice.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Magnetic Stands</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">M10</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Used for making the bipolar stimulating hook electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="height:51px;width:203px;">Kite Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">KITE-R and KITE-L</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Require a steel plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:203px;">Stackable Double Binding Post with Banana Jack x BNC Jack</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">6704K13</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="height:35px;width:203px;">Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
			<td style="width:99px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:89px;">36934-152</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo evaluation of the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rat tongue

Dil, omurgalıların çoğunun ağzında çok sinirlendirilmiş ve vaskülarize kas hidrostatıdır. Birincil işlevleri çiğneme ve yalancılaştırmanın yanı sıra tadı algılama ve fonetik desteklemektir. Buna göre, dilin kuvveti ve hacmi, omurgalıların beslenme, iletişim ve nefes alma gibi temel faaliyetleri gerçekleştirme kabiliyetini etkiler. Uyku apneli hastalarda, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ile görülebilen ve nicelenebilen artmış kas tonusu ve intramüsküler yağ artışı ile karakterize genişlemiş dildir. Dengenin kuvvet üretimini ve viskoelastik özelliklerini ölçme yetenekleri, görüntüleme verileri ile ilişkilendirilebilecek işlevsel bilgi elde etmek için önemli araçlar oluşturmaktadır. Burada, anestezi altındaki Zucker sıçanlarında dil kuvvet üretimini ölçmek için hipoglossal sinirlerin elektriksel uyarımı yoluyla ve viskoelastik özelliklerin belirlenmesi için teknikler sunulmaktadırPasif Lissajous kuvvet / deformasyon eğrileri uygulayarak dil.

<img alt="Şekil 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56006/56006fig3.jpg" /> Şekil 3: Temsilcilik Sonuçları. (A) Başarılı seğirme ve tetanik kuvvet izlerinin örnekleri. Karşılık gelen uyarı kırmızı iz ile gösterilir. (B) Alt maksimum kasılmaya (mavi iz) ve boyun kaslarının dolaylı uyarılmasına bağlı başarısız dildeki tetanik kasılma örneği. Her iki koşul da uyarıcı elektrodların yerleri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue at JoVE.com

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Anestezik fare modelinde dildeki kas tonusu ve viskoelastik özelliklerini belirlemek için cerrahi bir prosedürü tarif ediyoruz. Prosedür, hipoglossal sinirlerin spesifik olarak uyarılmasını ve kaslara pasif Lissajous kuvvet / deformasyon eğrilerinin uygulanmasını içerir.

Sıçan Dilinin Mekanik ve Viskoelastik Özelliklerinin In Vivo Değerlendirilmesi

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

Quantitative Visualization and Detection of Skin Cancer Using Dynamic Thermal Imaging

Kantitatif Görselleştirme ve Dinamik Termal Görüntüleme Deri Kanseri Tespiti

In 2010 approximately 68,720 melanomas will be diagnosed in the US alone, with around 8,650 resulting in death 1. To date, the only effective treatment ...

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

The Spared Nerve Injury SNI Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

Fare İndüklenmiş Mekanik allodini ayrılan sinir hasarı (SNI) Model

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared ...

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Oncolytic virüs klinik öncesi Değerlendirme Çalışmaları Pamuk Rat Taşıma

Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.  For this strategy to be ...

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Pulpa Değerlendirilmesi için Doğrudan Selüloz-kapatma Modelinin Geliştirilmesi Yara İyileşmesi ve Farelerde Onarım dentin oluşumu

Dental pulp is a vital organ of a tooth fully protected by enamel and dentin. When the pulp is exposed due to cariogenic or iatrogenic injuries, it is ...

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Re-Arterialized Rat Partial Liver Transplantation with an in vivo Vessel-Oriented 70% Hepatectomy

Yeniden Arterialized sıçan kısmi karaciğer nakli bir vivo içinde gemi odaklı % 70 ile Hepatectomy

Split liver transplantation and living liver donor liver transplantation were developed in the clinic to utilize liver organs in a more efficient manner. ...

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Lazer Doppler Flowmetry Kullanarak Sıçanserebral Kan Akımı Otoregülasyon Değerlendirilmesi

When investigating the body&#39;s mechanisms for regulating cerebral blood flow, a relative measurement of microcirculatory blood flow can be obtained ...

A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy

Artroskopi Sırasında Yumuşak Dokuların Mekanik Özelliklerini Nicel Olarak Ölçen Bir Sondalama Cihazı

Probing in arthroscopic surgery is performed by pulling or pushing the soft tissue, which provides feedback for understanding the condition of the soft ...

Biological Preparation and Mechanical Technique for Determining Viscoelastic Properties of Zonular Fibers

Zonular Liflerin Viskoelastik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesinde Biyolojik Hazırlık ve Mekanik Teknik

Elasticity is essential to the function of tissues such as blood vessels, muscles, and lungs. This property is derived mostly from the extracellular ...

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Animal Models for Mechanical and Chemical Injuries of Corneal Epithelium

Kornea Epitelinin Mekanik ve Kimyasal Yaralanmaları için Ex Vivo ve In Vivo Hayvan Modelleri

Corneal injury to the ocular surface, including chemical burn and trauma, may cause severe scarring, symblepharon, corneal limbal stem cells deficiency, ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Bilinçli Sıçan Subklaviyen Veninden Tekrarlayan Kan Örneklemesi

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...