Name: horizontal gel electrophoresis for enhanced detection of protein-rna complexes
Uploaded: 2017-07-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Horizontal Gel Electrophoresis for Enhanced Detection of Protein-RNA Complexes at JoVE.com

우리는 수치를 준비한 Laura Vanderploeg에게 감사드립니다. Sheets 연구소의 연구는 NSF 보조금 1050395 및 NIH 보조금 (R21HD076828)에 의해 지원됩니다. Ryder 연구소의 연구는 NIH 보조금 R01GM117237 및 R01GM117008에서 지원됩니다. Megan Dowdle은 위스콘신 - 매디슨 대학 (University of Wisconsin-Madison) 대학원 및 생명 공학 교육 프로그램을 통해 National Institute of Health (T32GM008349)의 국립 종합 의학 연구소를 통해 SciMed GRS Advanced Opportunity Fellowship의 지원을받습니다.

1. 수평 네이티브 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔의 제조 4 . <ol><li> 필요한 재료 준비. <ol><li> 수평 겔 장치의 경우 27cm x 21cm 쟁반이있는 젤 상자 (37cm x 24cm)와 2 개의 24 웰 빗용 용량을 사용하십시오. 이 설정은 동시에 분석 할 수있는 총 48 개의 샘플을 제공합니다. </li><li> 40 % Acrylamide-Bis 19 : 1, 5x TBE (Tris-Borate-EDTA pH 8.0), TEMED 및 10 % APS (ammonium persulfate) 시약을 준비하십시오. </li>...

<ol>
	<li>Ryder, S. P., Recht, M. I., Williamson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+protein-RNA+interactions+by+gel+mobility+shift.">Quantitative analysis of protein-RNA interactions by gel mobility shift.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 488, 99-115 (2008).</li><li>Dahlberg, A. E., Dingman, C. W., Peacock, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophoretic+characterization+of+bacterial+polyribosomes+in+agarose-acrylamide+composite+gels.">Electrophoretic characterization of bacterial polyribosomes in agarose-acrylamide composite gels.</a> J Mol Biol. 41 (1), 139-147 (1969).</li><li>Hellman, L. M., Fried, M. 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F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+approaches+to+quantifying+biomolecular+interactions.">Fluorescence approaches to quantifying biomolecular interactions.</a> Meth Enzymol. 450, 79-106 (2008).</li><li>Su, C., Wang, F., Ciolek, D., Pan, Y. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophoresis+of+proteins+and+protein-protein+complexes+in+native+polyacrylamide+gels+using+a+horizontal+gel+apparatus.">Electrophoresis of proteins and protein-protein complexes in native polyacrylamide gels using a horizontal gel apparatus.</a> Anal Biochem. 223, 93-98 (1994).</li><li>Buczek, P., Horvath, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermodynamic+Characterization+of+Binding+Oxytricha+nova+Single+Strand+Telomere+DNA+with+the+Alpha+Protein+N-terminal+Domain.">Thermodynamic Characterization of Binding Oxytricha nova Single Strand Telomere DNA with the Alpha Protein N-terminal Domain.</a> J Mol Biol. 359 (5), 1217-1234 (2006).</li><li>Zhang, Y., Park, S., Blaser, S., Sheets, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determinants+of+RNA+binding+and+translational+repression+by+the+Bicaudal-C+regulatory+protein.">Determinants of RNA binding and translational repression by the Bicaudal-C regulatory protein.</a> J Biol Chem. 289 (11), 7497-7504 (2014).</li><li>Gamberi, C., Lasko, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Bic-C+family+of+developmental+translational+regulators.">The Bic-C family of developmental translational regulators.</a> Comp Funct Genomics. , 141386 (2012).</li><li>Saffman, E. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Premature+translation+of+oskar+in+oocytes+lacking+the+RNA-binding+protein+bicaudal-C.">Premature translation of oskar in oocytes lacking the RNA-binding protein bicaudal-C.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 18 (8), 4855-4862 (1998).</li><li>Chicoine, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bicaudal-C+recruits+CCR4-NOT+deadenylase+to+target+mRNAs+and+regulates+oogenesis,+cytoskeletal+organization,+and+its+own+expression.">Bicaudal-C recruits CCR4-NOT deadenylase to target mRNAs and regulates oogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and its own expression.</a> Dev Cell. 13 (5), 691-704 (2007).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bicaudal-C+spatially+controls+translation+of+vertebrate+maternal+mRNAs.">Bicaudal-C spatially controls translation of vertebrate maternal mRNAs.</a> RNA. 19 (11), 1575-1582 (2013).</li><li>Maisonneuve, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bicaudal+C,+a+novel+regulator+of+Dvl+signaling+abutting+RNA-processing+bodies,+controls+cilia+orientation+and+leftward+flow.">Bicaudal C, a novel regulator of Dvl signaling abutting RNA-processing bodies, controls cilia orientation and leftward flow.</a> Development. 136 (17), 3019-3030 (2009).</li><li>Tran, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+RNA-binding+protein+bicaudal+C+regulates+polycystin+2+in+the+kidney+by+antagonizing+miR-17+activity.">The RNA-binding protein bicaudal C regulates polycystin 2 in the kidney by antagonizing miR-17 activity.</a> Development. 137 (7), 1107-1116 (2010).</li><li>Pagano, J. M., Clingman, C. C., Ryder, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+approaches+to+monitor+protein-nucleic+acid+interactions+using+fluorescent+probes.">Quantitative approaches to monitor protein-nucleic acid interactions using fluorescent probes.</a> RNA. 17 (1), 14-20 (2011).</li><li>Foley, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platform+to+Enable+the+Pharmacological+Profiling+of+Small+Molecules+in+Gel-Based+Electrophoretic+Mobility+Shift+Assays.">Platform to Enable the Pharmacological Profiling of Small Molecules in Gel-Based Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays.</a> J Biomol Screen. 21 (10), 1125-1131 (2016).</li></ol>

네이티브 폴리 아크릴 아마이드 젤은 단백질 -RNA 상호 작용을 조사하는 데 매우 중요한 도구이며 전통적으로이 젤은 수직으로 전기 영동됩니다 2 , 3 . 우리는 생성 된 전기 폴리 아크릴 아마이드 젤을 대체하여 1 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 15로 전...

Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs)는 특정 단백질 - 핵산 상호 작용을 분석하는 귀중한 생화학 도구임이 입증되었습니다 1 , 2 , 3 . 이 분석법은 핵산 - 단백질 복합체 1 의 구성 화학 양롞 인 RNA 또는 DNA 3 에 대한 단백질의 결합 친 화성에 관한 중요한 정보를 제공하며 기질 경쟁 실험 1을 통해 RNA 결합 단백질의 결합 특이성에 대한 중요한 새로운 통찰력을 제공합니다 1 . 이 assays에 대한 전통적인 실험 설정은 정제 단백질과 방사성 표지 RNA 기판을 혼합하는 것으로 구성됩니다. 얻어진 복합체는 다음과 비 변성 분석 (네이티브) 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔은 수직 장치 (3)에 시료 전기 영동 개의 유리판 사이에 붓고. 이 접근법은 핵산에 대한 단백질 결합의 기초가되는 생화학 적 메커니즘에 대한 중요한 통찰력을 제공하기 위해 철저하게 사용되었지만 몇 가지 한계점이 있습니다. 예를 들어,이 기본 전략은 상대적으로 처리량이 낮으며 여러 바인딩 반응을 병렬로 분석해야하는 응용 프로그램에는 쉽게 적용 할 수 없습니다. 또한 전통적인 수직 장치의 경우 전기 영동 중 여러 번 복합체를 모니터링하는 것이 어렵습니다 3 , 4 . 여기에서는 평판 장치, 수평 전기 영동 및 형광 표지 된 RNA 기질 4 , 5 , 6 , 7에 주조 된 천연 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔을 사용하는 EMSA 분석의 적용을 제시합니다. 기본 스트레인에 대한 이러한 비교적 간단한 변형의 결합tegy는 몇 가지 강력한 이점을 제공합니다. 특히 수평 플랫 베드 형식은 수십 개의 샘플을 동시에 분석하는 데 적합합니다 4 . 또한, Bicaudal-C 단백질과 RNA 기판 사이에 형성된 RNA- 단백질 복합체 (예 : 수평 겔에서 전기 영동)는 서로 다른 RNA- 단백질 복합체를 분해하고 이들을 미 결합 RNA 기질과 구별하는 능력이 향상되었습니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1432">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Horizontal Gel Box</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">OWL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:831px;">Product no longer made. Similar gel boxes can be found at Thermo Scientific, A-series gel boxes. Catalog Number: A2-BP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">24-well large large horizontal gel electrophoresis combs</td>
			<td>OWL</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Product no longer made. Similar gel boxes can be found at Thermo Scientific, A-series gel box combs. Catalog Number: A2-24C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Powerpac 300</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1655050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mini-Protean II Electrophoresis Cell</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>165-2940</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">InstaPAGE-19 40% 19:1 Acrylamide/Bis</td>
			<td>IBI</td>
			<td>IB70015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TEMED</td>
			<td>IBI</td>
			<td>IB70120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">APS</td>
			<td>IBI</td>
			<td>IB70080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Yeast tRNAs</td>
			<td>Ambion</td>
			<td>AM7119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluorescein labeled RNA</td>
			<td>IDT</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Order can be made custom to length and desired sequence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E5391-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4034-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris Base Ultrapure</td>
			<td>US Biological</td>
			<td>T8600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Boric Acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP168-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP366-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP337-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DEPC</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>1609-47-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>3483 12 3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>9048-46-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

horizontal gel electrophoresis for enhanced detection of protein-rna complexes

네이티브 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔 전기 영동은 RNA- 단백질 상호 작용의 생화학 적 분석에 광범위하게 사용 되어온 분자 생물학의 기본 도구입니다. 이러한 상호 작용은 전통적으로 두 개의 유리판 사이에 생성 된 폴리 아크릴 아미드 젤과 수직으로 전기 영동 된 샘플로 분석되었습니다. 그러나, 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔은 트레이에 캐스팅되고 수평으로 전기 영동 됨으로써 여러 이점을 제공합니다. 예를 들어, 형광 RNA 기질과 특정 단백질 사이의 복합체를 분석하는 데 사용되는 수평 젤은 전기 영동이 진행됨에 따라 여러 번 이미지화 될 수 있습니다. 이것은 실험 중 여러 지점에서 RNA- 단백질 복합체를 모니터 할 수있는 독특한 기회를 제공합니다. 또한, 수평 겔 전기 영동으로 많은 샘플을 동시에 분석 할 수 있습니다. 이것은 시간 경과 실험을 용이하게 할뿐만 아니라 여러 반응을 동시에 분석하여 여러 구성 요소와 조건을 비교할 수 있습니다. 여기에 우리가 홍보RNA-Protein 상호 작용을 분석하기 위해 수평 고유 겔 전기 영동을 생성하고 사용하기위한 상세한 프로토콜을 제공합니다.

수평 네이티브 겔 전기 영동의 능력과 다양성을 입증하기 위해 우리는 Bicc1 결합 부위를 포함하는 형광 표지 된 RNA에 Xenopus Bicaudal-C (Bicc1) 단백질의 결합을 분석했습니다. Bicc1 단백질 mRNA의 특정 리프레 병진 동물 개발 9, 10, 11, 12의 모체 단계뿐만 아니라 성인 <sup class="x...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Horizontal Gel Electrophoresis for Enhanced Detection of Protein-RNA Complexes at JoVE.com

Horizontal Gel Electrophoresis for Enhanced Detection of Protein-RNA Complexes

네이티브 폴리 아크릴 아미드 겔 전기 영동은 RNA- 단백질 상호 작용을 분석하기위한 기본적인 도구입니다. 전통적으로 대부분의 실험에서는 수직 겔을 사용했습니다. 그러나, 수평 겔은 전기 영동 중에 복합체를 모니터링 할 수있는 기회와 같은 몇 가지 이점을 제공합니다. 우리는 수평 네이티브 겔 전기 영동을 생성하고 사용하기위한 상세한 프로토콜을 제공합니다.

단백질 -RNA 복합체의 향상된 검출을위한 수평 겔 전기 영동

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a fundamental tool of molecular biology that has been used extensively for the biochemical analysis of ...

The overall of this protocol is to analyze RNA protein interactions using horizontal native gel electrophoresis. This method can help answer key questions in RNA biochemistry, such as defining the characteristics of specific RNA protein interactions. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows complex formation to be monitored multiple times during electrophoresis.For the horizontal gel apparatus, use a gel box with a 27 centimeter by 21 centimeter casting tray and a capacity for two 24 well combs. This set up provides a total of 48 samples that can be analyzed simultaneously. Prepare two liters of 1x TBE running buffer by diluting 400 milliliters of 5x TBE with 1, 600 milliliters of water and mixing.Place the TBE buffer in the cold room to cool. Prepare the following reagents following standard procedures, 40%acrylamide best 19:1, 5x TBE, temed and 10%ammonium per sulfate. To make a 10%native acrylamide gel, add the following to a 500 milliliter flask:80 milliliters of 5x TBE, 100 milliliters of 40%acrylamide and water to a final volume of 400 milliliters.Add four milliliters of 10%ammonium per sulfate and 400 microliters of temed and mix well. Pour the mix into the horizontal casting tray and allow the gel to polymerize in the fume hood for 30 minutes. The polymerized gel will be approximately two centimeters thick and a thin layer of liquid will remain on top of the gel.Place the gel into the gel box and take it into the cold room. Next, pour the liquid off and rinse with running buffer. Remove the combs carefully, add two liters of cold running buffer to the gel box and then use a syringe to rinse the wells with running buffer.Pre-run the gel at 120 volts for one hour at four degrees celsius in a cold room. While the gel is being prerun, prepare the binding reactions. Add the following binding reaction components to each RNA free microcentrifuge tube in this order:five microliters of 10 millimolar BSA, five microliters of 20 millimolar DTT, five microliters of 10 millimolar yeast tRNAs, 10 microliters of 5x binding buffer, bicaudal-c protein to a final concentration of 250 nanomolar in 50 microliters, DEPC-treated water to a final volume of 45 microliters and five microliters of fluorescently labeled RNA substrate.Close the tubes and flick gently to mix, centrifuge the tubes briefly and incubate in the dark for 30 minutes at room temperature. When the binding reactions are complete, add 15 microliters of 50%glycerol to each reaction and mix gently. Carefully load 30 microliters of each reaction into the wells of the gel, the amount of sample that can be loaded into a single well varies depending on the thickness of the gel and the size of the wells.The power supply to the gel apparatus, switch on the power, adjust the voltage to 120 volts and run the gel in four degree celsius. To prevent damaging or bleaching of the fluorescently labeled RNA, conduct electrophoresis in the dark. Electrophoresis times will vary depending upon the specifics of the RNA protein complex being analyzed.A major advantage of the horizontal electrophorated mobility shift assay analysis, is that electrophoresis can be stopped in the gel image prior to completion of the run. Perform analysis with any instrument designed for detecting an imaging fluorescent substrates. Adjust the imager settings, for fluorescently labeled ligands, use the following settings.Fluorescein wavelength of 473 nanometers, photomultiplier voltage of 750 volts and pixel size of 100 micrometers. Scan the gel to capture the image. After imaging, the gel can be placed back into the apparatus and electrophoresis can be continued for longer times.The binding of the xenopus bicaudal-C or Bicc1 protein to a fluorescently labeled Cripto1 mRNA containing a Bicc1 binding site, was analyzed by both vertical and horizontal native gel electrophoresis, as a negative control, Bicc1 was mixed with a fluorescently labeled RNA derived from CyclinB1 mRNA. It was readily apparent using either method, that Bicc1 binds to the Cripto1 RNA and forms a specific complex. However, the Bicc1, Cripto1 complexes were significantly more distinct when analyzed with the horizontal gel, facilitating their detection and allowing the discrimination of protein RNA complexes from unbound RNA.After imaging, the gel was returned to the gel apparatus, electrophoresis for an additional three and a half hours, and reimaged. As shown here, the complexes had migrated further and were still readily detectable, indicating their stability. Once mastered, this technique can be done in four to five hours, if it is performed properly.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to analyze RNA protein interactions using horizontal native gel electrophoresis.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis&#8211;Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples

생물 시료의 대사 프로파일 링에 대한 쉬스 모세관 전기 영동 - 질량 분석

In metabolomics, a wide range of analytical techniques is used for the global profiling of (endogenous) metabolites in complex samples. In this paper, a ...

연구

생화학

Characterization of Multi-subunit Protein Complexes of Human MxA Using Non-denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel-electrophoresis

비 변성 폴리 아크릴 아미드 젤 전기 영동을 사용하여 인간의 MXA의 멀티 서브 유닛 단백질 복합체의 특성

The formation of oligomeric complexes is a crucial prerequisite for the proper structure and function of many proteins. The interferon-induced antiviral ...

Tandem Affinity Purification of Protein Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

진핵 세포에서 단백질 복합체의 탠덤 선호도 정화

The purification of active protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes is crucial for the characterization of enzymatic activities and de novo ...

Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays for the Analysis of the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA Function

Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays for the Analysis of the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA Function

단백질 분석을위한 Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays<em&gt; N</em<sup&gt; 6</sup&gt; -threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA 기능

We demonstrate methods for the expression and purification of tRNA(UUU) in Escherichia coli and the analysis by gel retardation assays of the binding of ...

Detection and Visualization of DNA Damage-induced Protein Complexes in Suspension Cell Cultures Using the Proximity Ligation Assay

Proximity Ligation Assay를 이용한 현탁 세포 배양에서의 DNA 손상 유발 단백질 복합체의 검출 및 가시화

The DNA damage response orchestrates the repair of DNA lesions that occur spontaneously, are caused by genotoxic stress, or appear in the context of ...

Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution

네이티브 전기 영동, In-gel Assay 및 Electroelution으로 미토콘드리아 전자 수송 사슬의 수퍼 콤플렉스 분석

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) transduces the energy derived from the breakdown of various fuels into the bioenergetic currency of the ...

DNA Polymerase Activity Assay Using Near-infrared Fluorescent Labeled DNA Visualized by Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

근 적외선 형광 레이블이 DNA 아크릴 아 미드 젤 전기 이동 법으로 시각을 사용 하 여 DNA 중 합 효소 활동 분석 결과

For any enzyme, robust, quantitative methods are required for characterization of both native and engineered enzymes. For DNA polymerases, DNA synthesis ...

Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers

2 차원 반 변성 세제 Agarose 젤 전기 이동 법 확인 또는 아 밀 로이드 같은 녹말 체 섬유의 크기가 하 사용

Amyloid or amyloid-like fibers have been associated with many human diseases, and are now being discovered to be important for many signaling pathways. ...

Analysis of AtHIRD11 Intrinsic Disorder and Binding Towards Metal Ions by Capillary Gel Electrophoresis and Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis

AtHIRD11 내장 장애 및 모 세관 젤 전기 이동 법 및 선호도 모 세관 전기 이동 법에 의해 금속 이온으로 바인딩 분석

Plants are strongly dependent on their environment. In order to adjust to stressful changes (e.g., drought and high salinity), higher plants evolve ...

Analysis of Thylakoid Membrane Protein Complexes by Blue Native Gel Electrophoresis

블루 기본 젤 전기 이동 법에 의해 Thylakoid 막 단백질 복합물의 분석

Photosynthetic electron transfer chain (ETC) converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. Four large protein complexes embedded ...