Name: high-throughput screening for protein-based inheritance in s. cerevisiae
Uploaded: 2017-08-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae at JoVE.com

Agradecemos a Sohini Chakrabortee, de Sandra Jones, de David Garcia, de Bhupinder Bhullar, de Amelia Chang, de Richard She e de Susan Lindquist por sua assistência no desenvolvimento de ensaios utilizados no presente livro, bem como os revisores para seus comentários pensativos.

1. Initial Overexpression
<ol>
	<li>Transform the yeast cells (in this case, BY4741 MAT a haploids) previously grown in YPD liquid (10 g of yeast extract, 20 g of peptone, and 20 g of glucose per 1 L) with the desired candidate constructs from the FLEXGene ORFeome library (yeast ORFs under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter in the URA3-marked centromericplasmid backbone, pBY01129).</li>
	<li>Use autoclaved toothpicks to pick four separate colonies from these...

<ol>
	<li>Halfmann, R., Alberti, S., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prions,+protein+homeostasis,+and+phenotypic+diversity.">Prions, protein homeostasis, and phenotypic diversity.</a> Trends Cell Biol. 20 (3), 125-133 (2010).</li><li>Byers, J. S., Jarosz, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pernicious+pathogens+or+expedient+elements+of+inheritance:+the+significance+of+yeast+prions.">Pernicious pathogens or expedient elements of inheritance: the significance of yeast prions.</a> PLoS Pathog. 10 (4), 1003992 (2014).</li><li>Jarosz, D. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-kingdom+chemical+communication+drives+a+heritable,+mutually+beneficial+prion-based+transformation+of+metabolism.">Cross-kingdom chemical communication drives a heritable, mutually beneficial prion-based transformation of metabolism.</a> Cell. 158 (5), 1083-1093 (2014).</li><li>True, H. L., Lindquist, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+yeast+prion+provides+a+mechanism+for+genetic+variation+and+phenotypic+diversity.">A yeast prion provides a mechanism for genetic variation and phenotypic diversity.</a> Nature. 407 (6803), 477-483 (2000).</li><li>Suzuki, G., Shimazu, N., Tanaka, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+yeast+prion,+Mod5,+promotes+acquired+drug+resistance+and+cell+survival+under+environmental+stress.">A yeast prion, Mod5, promotes acquired drug resistance and cell survival under environmental stress.</a> Science. 336 (6079), 355-359 (2012).</li><li>Hou, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MAVS+forms+functional+prion-like+aggregates+to+activate+and+propagate+antiviral+innate+immune+response.">MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response.</a> Cell. 146 (3), 448-461 (2011).</li><li>Cai, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion-like+polymerization+underlies+signal+transduction+in+antiviral+immune+defense+and+inflammasome+activation.">Prion-like polymerization underlies signal transduction in antiviral immune defense and inflammasome activation.</a> Cell. 156 (6), 1207-1222 (2014).</li><li>Majumdar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+role+of+amyloid-like+oligomers+of+Drosophila+Orb2+in+the+persistence+of+memory.">Critical role of amyloid-like oligomers of Drosophila Orb2 in the persistence of memory.</a> Cell. 148 (3), 515-529 (2012).</li><li>Khan, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloidogenic+Oligomerization+Transforms+Drosophila+Orb2+from+a+Translation+Repressor+to+an+Activator.">Amyloidogenic Oligomerization Transforms Drosophila Orb2 from a Translation Repressor to an Activator.</a> Cell. 163 (6), 1468-1483 (2015).</li><li>Fioriti, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Persistence+of+Hippocampal-Based+Memory+Requires+Protein+Synthesis+Mediated+by+the+Prion-like+Protein+CPEB3.">The Persistence of Hippocampal-Based Memory Requires Protein Synthesis Mediated by the Prion-like Protein CPEB3.</a> Neuron. 86 (6), 1433-1448 (2015).</li><li>Derkatch, I. L., Bradley, M. E., Hong, J. Y., Liebman, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prions+affect+the+appearance+of+other+prions:+the+story+of+[PIN(+)].">Prions affect the appearance of other prions: the story of [PIN(+)].</a> Cell. 106 (2), 171-182 (2001).</li><li>Alberti, S., Halfmann, R., King, O., Kapila, A., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+survey+identifies+prions+and+illuminates+sequence+features+of+prionogenic+proteins.">A systematic survey identifies prions and illuminates sequence features of prionogenic proteins.</a> Cell. 137 (1), 146-158 (2009).</li><li>Chernoff, Y. O., Lindquist, S. L., Ono, B., Inge-Vechtomov, S. G., Liebman, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+the+chaperone+protein+Hsp104+in+propagation+of+the+yeast+prion-like+factor+[psi+].">Role of the chaperone protein Hsp104 in propagation of the yeast prion-like factor [psi+].</a> Science. 268 (5212), 880-884 (1995).</li><li>Patino, M. M., Liu, J. J., Glover, J. R., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Support+for+the+prion+hypothesis+for+inheritance+of+a+phenotypic+trait+in+yeast.">Support for the prion hypothesis for inheritance of a phenotypic trait in yeast.</a> Science. 273 (5275), 622-626 (1996).</li><li>Wickner, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=[URE3]+as+an+altered+URE2+protein:+evidence+for+a+prion+analog+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">[URE3] as an altered URE2 protein: evidence for a prion analog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Science. 264 (5158), 566-569 (1994).</li><li>Sondheimer, N., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rnq1:+an+epigenetic+modifier+of+protein+function+in+yeast.">Rnq1: an epigenetic modifier of protein function in yeast.</a> Mol Cell. 5 (1), 163-172 (2000).</li><li>Balbirnie, M., Grothe, R., Eisenberg, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+amyloid-forming+peptide+from+the+yeast+prion+Sup35+reveals+a+dehydrated+beta-sheet+structure+for+amyloid.">An amyloid-forming peptide from the yeast prion Sup35 reveals a dehydrated beta-sheet structure for amyloid.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98 (5), 2375-2380 (2001).</li><li>Glover, J. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-seeded+fibers+formed+by+Sup35,+the+protein+determinant+of+[PSI+],+a+heritable+prion-like+factor+of+S.+cerevisiae.">Self-seeded fibers formed by Sup35, the protein determinant of [PSI+], a heritable prion-like factor of S. cerevisiae.</a> Cell. 89 (5), 811-819 (1997).</li><li>King, C. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion-inducing+domain+2-114+of+yeast+Sup35+protein+transforms+in+vitro+into+amyloid-like+filaments.">Prion-inducing domain 2-114 of yeast Sup35 protein transforms in vitro into amyloid-like filaments.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (13), 6618-6622 (1997).</li><li>Shorter, J., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hsp104+catalyzes+formation+and+elimination+of+self-replicating+Sup35+prion+conformers.">Hsp104 catalyzes formation and elimination of self-replicating Sup35 prion conformers.</a> Science. 304 (5678), 1793-1797 (2004).</li><li>Ferreira, P. C., Ness, F., Edwards, S. R., Cox, B. S., Tuite, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+elimination+of+the+yeast+[PSI+]+prion+by+guanidine+hydrochloride+is+the+result+of+Hsp104+inactivation.">The elimination of the yeast [PSI+] prion by guanidine hydrochloride is the result of Hsp104 inactivation.</a> Mol Microbiol. 40 (6), 1357-1369 (2001).</li><li>Caudron, F., Barral, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+super-assembly+of+Whi3+encodes+memory+of+deceptive+encounters+by+single+cells+during+yeast+courtship.">A super-assembly of Whi3 encodes memory of deceptive encounters by single cells during yeast courtship.</a> Cell. 155 (6), 1244-1257 (2013).</li><li>Wickner, R. B., Edskes, H. K., Shewmaker, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+to+find+a+prion:+[URE3],+[PSI+]+and+[beta].">How to find a prion: [URE3], [PSI+] and [beta].</a> Methods. 39 (1), 3-8 (2006).</li><li>Chernoff, Y. O., Derkach, I. L., Inge-Vechtomov, S. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multicopy+SUP35+gene+induces+de-novo+appearance+of+psi-like+factors+in+the+yeast+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">Multicopy SUP35 gene induces de-novo appearance of psi-like factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Curr Genet. 24 (3), 268-270 (1993).</li><li>Brown, J. C., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+heritable+switch+in+carbon+source+utilization+driven+by+an+unusual+yeast+prion.">A heritable switch in carbon source utilization driven by an unusual yeast prion.</a> Genes Dev. 23 (19), 2320-2332 (2009).</li><li>Coustou, V., Deleu, C., Saupe, S., Begueret, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+protein+product+of+the+het-s+heterokaryon+incompatibility+gene+of+the+fungus+Podospora+anserina+behaves+as+a+prion+analog.">The protein product of the het-s heterokaryon incompatibility gene of the fungus Podospora anserina behaves as a prion analog.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (18), 9773-9778 (1997).</li><li>Sopko, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+pathways+and+phenotypes+by+systematic+gene+overexpression.">Mapping pathways and phenotypes by systematic gene overexpression.</a> Mol Cell. 21 (3), 319-330 (2006).</li><li>Chakrabortee, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrinsically+Disordered+Proteins+Drive+Emergence+and+Inheritance+of+Biological+Traits.">Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Drive Emergence and Inheritance of Biological Traits.</a> Cell. 167 (2), 369-381 (2016).</li><li>Hu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Approaching+a+complete+repository+of+sequence-verified+protein-encoding+clones+for+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">Approaching a complete repository of sequence-verified protein-encoding clones for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Genome Res. 17 (4), 536-543 (2007).</li><li>Swain, P. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inferring+time+derivatives+including+cell+growth+rates+using+Gaussian+processes.">Inferring time derivatives including cell growth rates using Gaussian processes.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 13766 (2016).</li><li>Jarosz, D. F., Lancaster, A. K., Brown, J. C., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+evolutionarily+conserved+prion-like+element+converts+wild+fungi+from+metabolic+specialists+to+generalists.">An evolutionarily conserved prion-like element converts wild fungi from metabolic specialists to generalists.</a> Cell. 158 (5), 1072-1082 (2014).</li><li>Neiman, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sporulation+in+the+budding+yeast+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">Sporulation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Genetics. 189 (3), 737-765 (2011).</li><li>Gietz, D., St Jean, A., Woods, R. A., Schiestl, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+method+for+high+efficiency+transformation+of+intact+yeast+cells.">Improved method for high efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (6), 1425 (1992).</li><li>Formosa, T., Nittis, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppressors+of+the+temperature+sensitivity+of+DNA+polymerase+alpha+mutations+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">Suppressors of the temperature sensitivity of DNA polymerase alpha mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Mol Gen Genet. 257 (4), 461-468 (1998).</li><li>Christiano, R., Nagaraj, N., Frohlich, F., Walther, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+proteome+turnover+analyses+of+the+Yeasts+S.+cerevisiae+and+S.+pombe.">Global proteome turnover analyses of the Yeasts S. cerevisiae and S. pombe.</a> Cell Rep. 9 (5), 1959-1965 (2014).</li><li>Lancaster, A. K., Nutter-Upham, A., Lindquist, S., King, O. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PLAAC:+a+web+and+command-line+application+to+identify+proteins+with+prion-like+amino+acid+composition.">PLAAC: a web and command-line application to identify proteins with prion-like amino acid composition.</a> Bioinformatics. 30 (17), 2501-2502 (2014).</li><li>Halfmann, R., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Screening+for+amyloid+aggregation+by+Semi-Denaturing+Detergent-Agarose+Gel+Electrophoresis.">Screening for amyloid aggregation by Semi-Denaturing Detergent-Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.</a> J Vis Exp. (17), (2008).</li><li>Rogoza, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-Mendelian+determinant+[ISP+]+in+yeast+is+a+nuclear-residing+prion+form+of+the+global+transcriptional+regulator+Sfp1.">Non-Mendelian determinant [ISP+] in yeast is a nuclear-residing prion form of the global transcriptional regulator Sfp1.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (23), 10573-10577 (2010).</li><li>Shorter, J., Lindquist, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prions+as+adaptive+conduits+of+memory+and+inheritance.">Prions as adaptive conduits of memory and inheritance.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 6 (6), 435-450 (2005).</li><li>Tanaka, M., Chien, P., Naber, N., Cooke, R., Weissman, J. 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Os primeiros príons de levedura foram identificados por seus fenótipos incomuns e complexos padrões de herança. As características dos priões foram então usadas para construir algoritmos e ferramentas computacionais para triagem de proteínas príon adicionais. O método descrito aqui, em contraste, é experimental e baseia-se na transitória superexpressão para criar uma duradoura mudança-a estável estado-codificado na conformação da proteína. No entanto, se a eficiência de "semeadura" montagem do prião p...

Sistemas biológicos frequentemente experimentam flutuações transientes em abundância de proteína. Se estes têm um impacto duradouro na formação do fenótipo de um organismo ou das futuras gerações permanece obscuro. As instâncias mais conhecidas desta biologia envolvem uma rara classe de proteínas, príons, que dirige o surgimento de traços hereditários sem modificação do genoma. Em vez disso, essas partículas de fectious teinaceous e em protransmitem fenótipos através de alterações auto-perpetuar a proteína conformação1,2. Este tipo de herança foi descoberto a causa dos padrões de herança incomum de uma doença neurodegenerativa devastadora. No entanto, estudos em organismos variando de fungos para mamíferos3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 desde então têm revelado que elementos de prião podem conferir valor adaptativo. Não obstante, os príons têm sido vistos como um fascinante mas rara esquisitice biológica.
Esta sabedoria prevalecente é realizada em parte porque a caracterização de herança baseada em proteína longa foi restringida por um pequeno conjunto de exemplos. Esforços recentes de rastreio sistemático tem alargado esta imagem significativamente identificando vários novo bona fide priões11 e quase duas dúzias de proteína domínios12 com a capacidade de conversão conformacional de príon-como combustível. No entanto, porque essas abordagens têm geralmente focada em preconceitos de sequência de aminoácido forte, os príons que foram descobertos compartilham as propriedades bioquímicas dos fundadores fermento priões [PSI+]13,14, [URE3]15e [RNQ+]11,16. Estes incluem: 1) modulares domínios que são ricas em tempo poliméricos trechos da asparagina (N) e glutamina (Q), 2) montagem em um amiloide [PRIÃO+] conformação17,18,19e 3) completa dependência de disaggregase Hsp104 função de propagação fiel de mãe para filha13,20,21. De fato, muitos bona fide príons, incluindo [GAR+], [Het-s] e mesmo o original do prião (PrPSc), iria ser desperdiçada sob tais critérios rigorosos. Talvez mais importante, eles seria incapazes de capturar qualquer romance, mecanismos de herança baseada em proteína22. Assim, a verdadeira amplitude biológica de tais fenômenos pode ser muito mais comum na natureza do que anteriormente se supunha.
Para investigar esta questão, utilizou-se uma estratégia de alta produtividade, proteoma-largo. Uma marca registrada de todos os príons, incluindo PrPSc, [GAR+], e [Het-s], é que a superexpressão transitória das proteínas causais fortemente aumenta a taxa de prião aquisição15,23,24,25,26. Tiramos vantagem desse recurso que sistematicamente perguntar, em toda a levedura ORFeome, se Estados estáveis à base de proteínas, epigenéticos podem ser iniciados, transitoriamente, induzindo a superexpressão de proteínas individuais. É sabido que superexpressão da proteína pode alterar fenótipos27. No entanto, proteínas príon são incomuns porque sua superprodução temporária produz uma mudança no fenótipo é hereditária para muitas centenas de gerações após a superexpressão inicial. Anteriormente, tiramos proveito desse recurso, bem como os padrões de herança incomum de elementos genéticos à base de proteínas, identificar dezenas de proteínas que são capazes de hereditariedade religação fenotípicas paisagens sem alterar o genoma de28. Embora algumas identificadas proteínas anteriormente eram conhecidos como priões, a maioria eram não, ressaltando o poder desta abordagem para descobrir novas formas de herança à base de proteínas.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:356px;height:21px;">Guanidine hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:299px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Cat#G3272-25G</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">Chemical</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Manganese chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat#M8054-100G</td>
			<td>Chemical</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethidium bromide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E1510</td>
			<td>Chemical</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5-Fluoroorotic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat#F5013-50MG</td>
			<td>Chemical</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BY4741 MATa (his3&#916;1 leu2&#916;0 LYS2 met15&#916;0 ura3&#916;0)</td>
			<td>Winston et al., 1995; Brachmann et al., 1998</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Yeast strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BY4741 MAT&#945; (his3&#916;1 leu2&#916;0 lys2&#916;0 MET15 ura3&#916;0)</td>
			<td>Winston et al., 1995; Brachmann et al., 1998</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Yeast strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hsp70 (K69M)&#160;</td>
			<td>Jarosz et al., 2014b</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Plasmid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FLEXGene library</td>
			<td>Hu et al., 2007</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Plasmid library</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dextrose (glucose)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D16-3</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Raffinose</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>R0250-25G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Galactose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP656-500</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CSM</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science</td>
			<td>1001-100</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CSM-URA</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science</td>
			<td>1004-100</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CSM-LYS</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science</td>
			<td>1032-100</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CSM-MET</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science</td>
			<td>1019-100</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CSM-LYS-MET</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science</td>
			<td>1035-100</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">yeast extract</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1422-2</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">peptone</td>
			<td>Research Products International</td>
			<td>P20240-5000</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">bacto-peptone</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td align="right">211677</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glycerol</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>GX0185-2</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">yeast nitrogen base w/o amino acids</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td align="right">291920</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">agar</td>
			<td>IBI Scientific</td>
			<td>IB49172</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adenine sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A3159-25G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P1190-500G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Uracil</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>U0750-100G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Histidine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H8000-100G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leucine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L8000-25G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L5501-25G</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNase I&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>EN0601</td>
			<td>Enzyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">biotinylated DNase</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AM1906</td>
			<td>Enzyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">zymolyase 100T (yeast lytic enzyme)</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science</td>
			<td>N0766555</td>
			<td>Enzyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microplate reader</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td>Synergy H1</td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microplate stacker</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td>BioStack3</td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plate filler</td>
			<td>BiotTek</td>
			<td>EL406</td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Liquid handling robot</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>Biomek FX</td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-throughput screening for protein-based inheritance in s. cerevisiae

A codificação da informação biológica que é acessível para as futuras gerações geralmente é conseguida através de alterações na sequência do DNA. Vida longa herança codificada em proteína conformação (ao invés de sequência) tem sido vista como mudança de paradigma mas raro. Os melhores exemplos caracterizados de tais elementos epigenéticos são príons, que possuem um comportamento de auto-montagem que pode conduzir a manifestação hereditária de novos fenótipos. Muitos príons arquetípicos exibir um marcante viés de sequência N/Q-rico e montam em uma dobra de amiloide. Estas características incomuns informaram a maioria dos esforços de rastreio para identificar novas proteínas príon. No entanto, pelo menos três priões conhecidos (incluindo o fundador prião, PrPSc) não abriga estas características bioquímicas. Portanto, desenvolvemos um método alternativo para sondar o âmbito da herança à base de proteínas com base em uma propriedade de ação das massas: o transiente superexpressão de proteínas príon aumenta a frequência em que eles adquirem uma conformação de automodelagem. Este documento descreve um método para analisar a capacidade da levedura ORFeome eliciar herança à base de proteínas. Usando essa estratégia, encontramos anteriormente que &gt; 1% de proteínas de levedura poderia abastecer o surgimento de traços biológicos que eram long-lived, estável e levantou-se mais frequentemente do que a mutação genética. Esta abordagem pode ser empregada em alto throughput em toda ORFeomes ou como um paradigma de rastreio direcionados para redes genéticas específicas ou estímulos ambientais. Assim como o avançada genéticas telas definem inúmeras vias de sinalização e de desenvolvimento, essas técnicas fornecem uma metodologia para investigar a influência da herança à base de proteínas em processos biológicos.

Protein overexpression is known to dramatically alter cellular phenotypes27. Indeed, with an initial screening approach, hundreds of new phenotypes were reproducibly recovered from the overexpression of clones from the yeast ORFeome using just ten stressors. However, the assays described above allow for the assessment of whether cells retain any long-term stable phenotypes following this overexpression. One protein capable of encoding such a state is Psp1. Psp1 is ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae at JoVE.com

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

Este protocolo descreve uma metodologia de alta produtividade para a tela funcionalmente para herança à base de proteínas no S. cerevisiae.

Elevado-throughput Screening para herança à base de proteínas no S. cerevisiae

The encoding of biological information that is accessible to future generations is generally achieved via changes to the DNA sequence. Long-lived ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

Assay for Adhesion and Agar Invasion in S. cerevisiae

Ensaio para a Adesão e Invasão Agar em S. cerevisiae

Yeasts are found in natural biofilms, where many microorganisms colonize surfaces. In artificial environments, such as surfaces of man-made objects, ...

Biologia

A high-throughput method to globally study the organelle morphology in S. cerevisiae

Um método de alto rendimento para estudar a morfologia global organela em S. cerevisiae

High-throughput methods to examine protein localization or organelle morphology is an effective tool for studying protein interactions and can help ...

Identification of protein complexes with quantitative proteomics in S. cerevisiae

Identificação de complexos de proteínas com proteômica quantitativa em S. cerevisiae

Lipids are the building blocks of cellular membranes that function as barriers and in compartmentalization of cellular processes, and recently, as ...

High-throughput Screening and Biosensing with Fluorescent C. elegans Strains

High-throughput Screening and Biosensing with Fluorescent C. elegans Strains

Alto rendimento Triagem e Biossensoriais com Fluorescente C. elegans Cepas

High-throughput screening (HTS) is a powerful approach for identifying chemical modulators of biological processes.  However, many compounds identified in ...

High Throughput Screening of Fungal Endoglucanase Activity in Escherichia coli

High Throughput Screening of Fungal Endoglucanase Activity in Escherichia coli

High Throughput Screening da atividade endoglucanase de fungos em Escherichia coli</em

Cellulase enzymes (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and &beta;-glucosidases) hydrolyze cellulose into component sugars, which in turn can be converted ...

Flow Cytometry-based Purification of S. cerevisiae Zygotes

Flow Cytometry-based Purification of S. cerevisiae Zygotes

Purificação Citometria de Fluxo com base em<em&gt; S. cerevisiae</em&gt; Zigotos

Zygotes are essential intermediates between haploid and diploid states in the life cycle of many organisms, including yeast (Figure 1) 1. S. cerevisiae ...

High-throughput Screening for Small-molecule Modulators of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels

High-throughput screening para pequenas moléculas Moduladores de canais de potássio Interiores retificador

Specific members of the inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channel family are postulated drug targets for a variety of disorders, including hypertension, ...

High-throughput Functional Screening using a Homemade Dual-glow Luciferase Assay

De alta capacidade de Triagem funcional usando um caseiro Dual-brilho ensaio de luciferase

We present a rapid and inexpensive high-throughput screening protocol to identify transcriptional regulators of alpha-synuclein, a gene associated with ...

High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli

High Throughput Quantitative Expression Screening and Purification Applied to Recombinant Disulfide-rich Venom Proteins Produced in E. coli

High Throughput Screening expressão quantitativa e Purificação Aplicada à recombinante Dissulfeto ricos em proteínas veneno produzido em<em&gt; E. coli</em

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most widely used expression system for the production of recombinant proteins for structural and functional studies. ...

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Rastreio de alto rendimento para moduladores químicos de Genes Post-transcriptionally Regulamentados

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have a profound impact on genes expression. However, commonly adopted cell-based screening assays ...