Name: capturing flow-weighted water and suspended particulates from agricultural canals during drainage events
Uploaded: 2017-11-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events at JoVE.com

我们希望感谢巴勃罗至关重要的和强尼莫斯利的帮助, 实地取样, 薇和 Ognevich 的实验室分析帮助纳达尔和伊琳娜。

1. 记录安装和工作原理 <ol> <li> 标识一个研究场, 并安装一个记录, 用于触发样以流量比例为基础收集复合流样本, 这需要监测运河的水平,泵头转速和泵标定方程. </li>
</ol> <img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56088/56088fig1.jpg"/> 图 1: 分类用于程序自动的采样器复合排水和颗粒水取样的程序. <a href="//ecsource.jove.com/fi...

<ol>
	<li>Sims, J. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorus+loss+in+agricultural+drainage:+historical+perspective+and+current+research.">Phosphorus loss in agricultural drainage: historical perspective and current research.</a> J. Environ. Qual. 27, 277-293 (1997).</li><li>Van Esbroeck, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+and+subsurface+phosphorus+export+from+agricultural+fields+during+peak+flow+events+over+the+non-growing+season+in+regions+with+cool,+temperate+climates.">Surface and subsurface phosphorus export from agricultural fields during peak flow events over the non-growing season in regions with cool, temperate climates.</a> J. Soil Water Conserv. 72, 65-76 (2017).</li><li>Bhadha, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorus+mass+balance+and+internal+load+in+an+impacted+subtropical+isolated+wetland.">Phosphorus mass balance and internal load in an impacted subtropical isolated wetland.</a> Water Air Soil Pollut. 218, 619-632 (2011).</li><li>Eyre, B. D., McConchie, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+implications+of+sedimentological+studies+for+environmental+pollution+assessment+and+management:+Examples+from+fluvial+system+in+north+Queensland+and+western+Australia.">The implications of sedimentological studies for environmental pollution assessment and management: Examples from fluvial system in north Queensland and western Australia.</a> Sediment. Geol. 85, 235-252 (1993).</li><li>Bhadha, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soil+phosphorus+release+and+storage+capacity+from+an+impacted+subtropical+wetland.">Soil phosphorus release and storage capacity from an impacted subtropical wetland.</a> Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. , 74 (2010).</li><li>Kenney, W. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-basin,+mass-balance+approach+for+identifying+critical+phosphorus-loading+thresholds+in+shallow+lakes.">Whole-basin, mass-balance approach for identifying critical phosphorus-loading thresholds in shallow lakes.</a> Journal of Paleolim. 51, 515-528 (2014).</li><li>Freebairn, D. N., Wockner, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+study+of+soil+erosion+on+vertisols+of+the+Eastern+Darling+Downs,+Queensland.+Effects+of+surface+conditions+on+soil+movement+within+contour+bay+catchments.">A study of soil erosion on vertisols of the Eastern Darling Downs, Queensland. Effects of surface conditions on soil movement within contour bay catchments.</a> Aust. J.Soil Res. 24, 135-158 (1986).</li><li>Erickson, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Optimizing stormwater treatment practices: a handbook of assessment and maintenance. , (2013).</li><li>Abtew, W., Obeysekera, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drainage+Generation+and+Water+Use+in+the+Everglades+Agricultural+Area+Basin.">Drainage Generation and Water Use in the Everglades Agricultural Area Basin.</a> J. Amer. Water Res. Asso. 32, 1147-1158 (1996).</li><li>Daroub, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Best+management+practices+and+long-term+water+quality+trends+in+the+Everglades+Agricultural+Area.">Best management practices and long-term water quality trends in the Everglades Agricultural Area.</a> Cri. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 608-632 (2011).</li><li>Bhadha, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+suspended+particulates+on+phosphorus+loading+exported+from+farm+drainage+during+a+storm+event+in+the+Everglades+Agricultural+Area.">Influence of suspended particulates on phosphorus loading exported from farm drainage during a storm event in the Everglades Agricultural Area.</a> J. Soil Sed. 17, 240-252 (2017).</li><li>Diaz, O. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sediment+inventory+and+phosphorus+fractions+for+water+conservation+area+canals+in+the+Everglades.">Sediment inventory and phosphorus fractions for water conservation area canals in the Everglades.</a> Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 70, 863-871 (2006).</li><li>Reddy, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forms+of+soil+phosphorus+in+selected+hydrologic+units+of+Florida+Everglades.">Forms of soil phosphorus in selected hydrologic units of Florida Everglades.</a> Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 62, 1134-1147 (1998).</li><li>Hedley, M. J., Stewart, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+to+measure+microbial+phosphate+in+soils.">Method to measure microbial phosphate in soils.</a> Soil Biol. Biochem. 14, 377-385 (1982).</li><li>O'Dell, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Method 365.1, Revision 2.0: Determination of Phosphorus by Semi-Automated Colorimetry. , (1993).</li><li>Bhadha, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+aquatic+vegetation+on+phosphorus+loads+in+the+Everglades+Agricultural+Area.">Effect of aquatic vegetation on phosphorus loads in the Everglades Agricultural Area.</a> J. Aqu. Pla. Man. 53, 44-53 (2015).</li></ol>

排水微粒收集的 autosamplers 被放置在数据采集的水泵站附近。电源由太阳能电池板充电的 12 V 电池提供。autosamplers 是由 on-site 数据采集控制的, 它在出口泵运行时打开了 autosamplers, 当水泵停止时将其关闭。取样器进水口的开口位于运河底部0.5 米以上, 从泵站上流。进气线通过安装一个金属钢筋进入运河底部和拉链捆绑进线到钢筋的地方举行。2 l 的样品收集到 200 l 沉淀罐每3分钟收集样品每天。在?...

悬浮微粒的命运和运输是许多研究的主题由于它的作用在富营养化, 特别是在农业系统1,2。对水生系统内微粒物质所含营养素的综合评价是调查许多环境问题的必要条件, 例如, 养分的内部循环和释放到上覆水柱3,基板稳定性、水柱内的光可用性, 以及最终对下游生态系统的水质关注4。以颗粒形式 (有机物或沉积物) 储存的磷 (P) 的数量通常大于水柱5。肯尼et al进行的一项研究。6表明, 在佛罗里达州 Lochloosa 湖沉积的最近沉积物介于1900年和2006的年龄范围之间。这些较年轻的沉积物所含的 P 比水柱中的更近55倍。一种方法来描述微粒可能对某一特定系统产生的潜在影响, 是对在排水过程中排放的沉积物中的磷进行定量清查。收集和分析这些排放的微粒可以帮助估计下游养分富集对敏感生态系统的影响。
风暴事件典型地代表一小部分时间, 但可能贡献多数 P 负荷放电在农田排水。这是因为为了防止农田泛滥, 大量的水会在短时间内排出。降雨强度和流速是控制陆地径流中悬浮沉积物浓度的重要驱动因子7。设计监测方法, 捕捉流加权复合水样本将有助于避免与复杂的, 高强度的降雨事件相关的错误。在像暴风雨这样的高放电事件中, 浓度的快速和剧烈变化可能不代表增量体积的平均污染物浓度。因此, 流加权水样更准确地表示放电事件的浓度, 因为它是一段时间内的负载总和8。最常见的流加权样本是自动收集的离散或复合样本。通过在排放过程中捕获出口的悬浮微粒, 我们可以量化 P 负荷事件的严重性。本研究中所描述的方法有助于捕获以后可以被定性为各种物理和化学性质的微粒。采用连续复合流法与抓斗取样相结合的取样排水流量的新颖性是在整个排水事件期间, 它是更好地表示场条件。然而, 抓取采样是一个 "快照" 的时间, 可能并不完全代表整个事件的效果。
在佛罗里达州南部的大沼泽地农业区 (监管局) 是一个大片的原始沼泽地, 是化和排水的农业, 商业, 和住宅发展。几乎 11亿 m3的水每年从和通过监管局排放到南部和东南9。在监管局的土壤千克, 通常含有超过85% 的有机物重量和少于35% 矿物含量10。运河沉积物通常有低的大块密度 (在 0.14 g cm-3之间到 0.35 g cm-3), 高有机物质内容 (在 31-35%) 和总 P (TP) 价值范围之间 726-1,089 毫克公斤-1 11。
为本示范目的, 在监管局内选择了一个农场。监管局内部水流的 hydroscape, 取决于水泵和重力。监管局辖下的每个农场均包括至少一条主渠道, 以及多个外地沟渠。田间沟渠与主运河垂直。泵通常为双重用途;他们将灌溉用水送到农场, 并在异地排放排水。当田地需要排水时, 主渠中的水就会降低, 从田间流出的水会流入沟渠, 由水力坡度驱动。由于表面上只有轻微的坡度, 在农田上发生的大部分降雨都流经农田沟渠的土壤剖面。 在灌溉期间, 系统被逆转。监管局并无任何排水系统。由于石灰岩基岩的封闭层为土壤的一部分, 地下水位保持在一个特定的高度上。 水通过主要运河被带来;农田沟渠被填满, 水可以渗入土壤剖面, 提高田间水位。通常情况下, 监管局在3月、四月和五月 (旱季) 都会对灌溉用水提出要求, 排放量极少。相比之下, 六月至10月的水排放量 (雨季) 则显著升高。运河银行堤和沟渠的存在允许最小的地表径流作为一个潜在的 P 负荷的来源到农田运河12。
在这个视觉实验中, 我们提出了一种新的方法来捕获流量加权悬浮颗粒在排水事件, 可以以后用于物理化学表征, 如体积密度, 有机物含量, 和 P 分馏13 ,14。

<table width="602">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">Datalogger</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Campbell Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:137px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">model CR1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Auto-sampler</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">ISCO</td>
			<td style="width:137px;"></td>
			<td>model 3700</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Pressure transducer</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">KPSI</td>
			<td style="width:137px;"></td>
			<td>model 700</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">Tipping bucket rain guage</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Texas Electronics</td>
			<td style="width:137px;"></td>
			<td>model TR-525</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Sodium Hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">1310-73-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Hydrochloric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">7647-01-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Sulfuric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">7664-93-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Potassium Persulfate</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">7727-21-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">12054-85-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">L-Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">100 mg/L Anhydrous Phosphate Standard</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">ERA</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">Antimony Potassium Tartrate Trihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">28300-74-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Durapore Membrane Filters</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">HVLP04700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Whatman #41 Filter Paper</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">1441-150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:216px;height:63px;">Fixed Speed Reciprocal Shaker E6010</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Eberbach Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">E6010.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Disposable Culture Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">14-961-29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">Allegra 25R Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Becker Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">U.S. 605168-AC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:216px;height:63px;">Parafilm</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Bemis Company Inc PM 999</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">13-374-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Oak Ridge Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">3119-0050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:216px;height:63px;">Fisherbrand 20mL HDPE Scintillation Vials with Urea Cap</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">03-337-23C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="width:216px;height:63px;">Fisherbrand&#160;Natural Polypropylene Jars with White Polypropylene Unlined Cap</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">02-912-024A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="width:216px;height:42px;">0.45 membrane filters</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>Item # UX-15945-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">100 ml digestion tubes</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher&#160;</td>
			<td>TC1000-0735</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">Glass funnels</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>03-865</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Spectronic 20 Genesys</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>4001-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:216px;height:21px;">QuikChem</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Latchat</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">8500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

capturing flow-weighted water and suspended particulates from agricultural canals during drainage events

本研究的目的是描述在排水事件过程中用来捕获农田沟渠中的流动加权水和悬浮颗粒物的方法。农田运河可以由易受运输的磷 (P) 等营养素丰富。悬浮颗粒物中的磷能显著促进排水中的 P 总负荷。在离散排水事件中, 进行了沉淀池试验, 捕捉悬浮颗粒物。在排水事件的整个过程中, 在两个 200 L 沉淀池中收集了大量的农田渠排放水, 以此来代表被排放的水的复合子。沉淀沉淀锥最终用于解决悬浮粒子。这是通过从沉淀池虹吸水通过锥。然后收集颗粒物进行物理化学分析。

本研究中所描述的方法, 使我们能够捕捉水和颗粒物质, 正在排出在农场运河抽水事件。收集的水和微粒是流加权的, 这意味着它们代表了整个泵浦事件的持续时间, 而不仅仅是一次性的快照;使其高度代表性的类型的材料被释放。水和悬浮颗粒物可以储存, 以分析各种物理和化学参数。在这篇文章中, 我们总结了监管局辖下三农场运河内悬浮粒子的一些性质。一些物理化学分...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events at JoVE.com

Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events

以微粒形式存在的养分对农业排水系统的整体负荷有显著的贡献。本研究介绍了一种新的方法, 以捕捉流量加权水和悬浮颗粒从农田渠排水在整个期间的排水事件。

在排水过程中捕获农用运河中的流动加权水和悬浮颗粒

The purpose of this study is to describe the methods used to capture flow-weighted water and suspended particulates from farm canals during drainage ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to provide a novel method for capturing in situ composite flow-weighted farm canal discharge water and suspended particulates during drainage events for their physical chemical characterization. This method will help address the most fundamental step in the field of environmental hydrology, which is collecting a water sample that fully represents a flow event in its entirety. The main advantages of this technique are that it is automated and that it provides a composite sample that is highly representative of typical discharge material present during flow events.This method can provide insight into water quality parameters during routine drainage events as well as during storm events when large volumes of water are discharged over multiple days. Designing monitoring methods that capture flow-weighted composite water samples could help avoid errors associated with complex, high-intensity rain events. Demonstrating the procedure will be research associate, Doctor Timothy Lang, along with field technicians, Pablo and Johnny.After identifying a study farm, install a datalogger near the pump station that triggers an auto-sampler to collect composite flow samples on a flow proportional basis. Use the pressure transducers installed in the inflow and outflow canals, adjacent to the pump station, to monitor the farm canal levels and use the proximity switches installed on the pump heads to monitor the pump speed. To calculate the drainage, use a datalogger and a pump calibration equation for each pump.To program the in situ automated sampler located at the pump station to capture daily composite water samples, first press Enter Program. Then press Program, Flow-based Sampling, Sample every one pulses, 30 composite samples and Sample Volume of 130 milliliters. Press Enter for calibrate sample volume and for Enter Start Time.Then press Program Sequence Complete. Then store the flow-weighted composite samples in an onsite refrigerator at four degrees Celsius until their analysis. To capture suspended particulates, position two, 200 liter PVC settling tanks a few feet from the datalogger to collect farm canal discharge water over the duration of the drainage period.To program the datalogger to collect the particulate samples, press Program, Time-Based Sampling and Sample every two minutes. For composite samples, select 200 and select No for calibrate sample volume and enter start time. Then press Sequence Complete and push Sampling button.Two liters of flow-weighted drainage water will be collected in the settling tanks, every two minutes. As the particulates begin to settle in the tanks, use a hose to siphon off the excess water and transfer the particulates into five-gallon buckets for transport back to the lab for 24-hour equilibration at four degrees Celsius. When the particulates have settled, siphon off the excess water and transfer the particulates into Imhoff settling cones.After one hour, siphon off the excess water one last time and transfer the settled particulates into pre-weighed 500 milliliter screw top jars. Be sure to collect the water below the surface and away from the sides of the cone to reduce the number of aspirated particulates. In this representative experiment, suspended particulates from three farm canals within the Everglade Agricultural Area were collected as demonstrated, and determined to be highly organic, to possess a low bulk density and to be rich nutrients like phosphorous, properties that are highly representative of the water and sediments typically found for the Everglades Agricultural Area soil types and surrounding land use practices.While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to allow the particulates to fully settle before removing excess water. Following this procedure, other methods like phosphorous fractionation using the Hedley et al. method, can be used to evaluate how much labile versus recalcitrant phosphorous is present in the particulates.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to collect a composite flow-weighted discharge water as opposed to grab sampling. By having a refrigerator onsite, it is possible to preserve the water samples at four degrees Celsius. An added advantage of using this method for collecting water samples is that it is automated and it can be used to capture discharge events associated with storms and hurricanes that can last up to a few days.

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

比色纸为基础的检测<em&gt;大肠杆菌</em&gt;<em&gt;沙门氏菌</em&gt;属，和<em&gt;单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌</em&gt;从农业用水大容量

This protocol describes rapid colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from large volumes (10 L) of ...

科研

环境科学

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

实验室确定的磷通量湖泊沉积物作为内部磷载入一个测量

Eutrophication is a water quality issue in lakes worldwide, and there is a critical need to identify and control nutrient sources. Internal phosphorus (P) ...

Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Flux from Agricultural Soils Using Static Chambers

从农业土壤使用静态钱伯斯温室气体流量测量

Measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere, in both managed and unmanaged ecosystems, is critical to understanding the ...

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

表征和被动采样的应用在农药水监测

Five different water passive samplers were calibrated under laboratory conditions for measurement of 124 legacy and current used pesticides. This study ...

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

从塑料颗粒中提取有机氯农药和塑料类型分析

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

农业流域营养盐和泥沙的连续河道监测

Pollutant concentrations and loads in watersheds vary considerably with time and space. Accurate and timely information on the magnitude of pollutants in ...

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management

农业经营条件下土壤侵蚀和沉积与土壤碳酸盐浓度关系的测量与制图

Spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition can be inferred from differences in ground elevation mapped at appropriate time increments. Such changes ...

Composition and Properties of Aquafaba: Water Recovered from Commercially Canned Chickpeas

Aquafaba 的成分和性质: 从商用罐装鹰嘴中回收的水

Chickpea and other pulses are commonly sold as canned products packed in a thick solution or a brine. This solution has recently been shown to produce ...

Continuous Hydrologic and Water Quality Monitoring of Vernal Ponds

春季池塘连续水文水质监测

Vernal ponds, also referred to as vernal pools, provide critical ecosystem services and habitat for a variety of threatened and endangered species. ...

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

测量实验室微量微生物中的磷释放,用于水质评估

Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting nutrient in agroecosystems requiring careful management to reduce transport risk to aquatic environments. Routine ...