Name: stereological estimation of dopaminergic neuron number in the mouse substantia nigra using the optical fractionator and standard microscopy equipment
Uploaded: 2017-09-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereological Estimation of Dopaminergic Neuron Number in the Mouse Substantia Nigra Using the Optical Fractionator and Standard Microscopy Equipment at JoVE.

저자는 그들의 전문 기술 지원; Keali 룀, 루이자 Frieß, 하이 케 멘 젤 감사 헬가 Brünner 동물 보호; 대 하 그리고 생성 및 ImageJ 소프트웨어에 대 한 광학 disector 그리드 플러그인의 배포에 대 한 Chistopher S. 병 동.

관심과 동물의 사용에 대 한 모든 해당 국제, 국가, 또는 기관 지침에 따라 했다. 프로토콜 Regierung 폰 인 운터 프랑 켄, 뷔르츠부르크, 독일에서 지방 자치 단체에 의해 승인 되었다.
 1. 조직 처리 및 Immunohistochemistry <ol><li>Euthanize 쥐 CO 2 또는 어떤 다른 승인 방법.</li>
	<li>Perfuse 6 12 주 된 C56Bl/6N 남성 쥐 transcardially 10 mL의 0.1 M 인산 염 버퍼 식 염 수 (PBS) 25 G 바늘과 주입 ...

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Stereology는 조직 처리를 시작합니다. SN 조직의 직렬 절단 stereological 분석 하는 동안 섹션의 손실을 방지 하기 위해 신중 하 게 수행 되어야 합니다. 또한, 하나의 필수 단계 stereology 수행할 때 SN 왼쪽에서 오른쪽을 구별 하기 위해 한 반구를 표시 하는. Brainstem의 상단 부분에 작은 구멍을 배치 제시 연구에서 최상의 결과 생성. 또한, 조직이 광학 fractionator 방법 요구 작업 이후 약 30-40 µ m 보다는 더 ?...

신경 세포 수의 부 량은 neurodegeneration substantia nigra (SN)1,2에서 레벨을 전 임상 파 킨 슨 병 연구에. 관심의 영역에 셀 수의 편견된 stereological 추정 금3,,45으로 간주 됩니다.
편견된 stereology의 도래 하기 전에 섹션에서 신경 세포의 수는 뉴런 섹션에 광경에와 서 가변 확률에 대 한 수정 계산된 셀 프로 파일을 조작 하 여 평가 했다. 가장 일반적으로 사용 되는 방법 중 하나는 아베 크롬 비6에 의해 설명 된 정량된 셀의 정정 했다. 이 방법은 세포 조각 같은 셀의 인접 한 얇은 섹션에서 발견 되는 경우 여러 번 측정할 수는 계정에 걸릴 하려고 했습니다. 따라서, 아베 크롬 비와 다른 저자 모양, 크기, 및 계산된 셀7,8의 방향에 대 한 정의 요구 하는 방정식을 생성. 그러나, 이러한 가정 일반적으로 하지 실현 되었고 따라서 실제 휴대폰 번호 (즉, 바이어스)에서 체계적인 오류 및 분기에 led. 또한, 바이어스 추가 샘플링3으로 줄일 수 없습니다.
Stereological 광학 fractionator를 사용 하 여 셀 수 추정에 대 한 수학적 원리 직접 정의 3 차원 볼륨에 직접 셀 숫자를 추정에 적용 됩니다. 이 방법의 장점은 그것은 모양, 크기, 및 계산 셀의 방향에 대 한 가정을 포함 하지 않습니다. 따라서, 예상된 핸드폰 번호는 참 값에 가까운 고 가까이 샘플 크기가 증가 (즉, 편견)3. Stereology 편견 메서드를 계속 사용 하는 경우 많은 규칙을 따라야 합니다, 때문에 준비-사용 상업 stereology 시스템 개발 되었습니다 (검토를 위해 참조 슈 미 츠, 호프, 20054). 전문된 stereology 시스템 디자인-기반 stereological 메서드 구현 선험적 정의 프로브와 샘플링 방식을 모양, 크기, 공간 배급, 및의 방향에서 독립을 이끌어 내는 stereological 평가 분석 된4,9에 셀. 그러나, 상용 stereology 시스템 비싸다; 이 새로운 연구에서 제한할 수 있습니다.
이 연구의 목표는 SN, 광학 fractionator 메서드를 사용 하 고 표준 현미경 장비 (즉, 빛을 사용 하 여 마우스에서 dopaminergic 셀의 디자인 기반 stereological 추정에 대 한 사용 가능한 기술을 개발 했다 현미경, 표준 현미경 소프트웨어 및는 자동화 한 x, y, z 단계). 이 위해, 마우스 뇌 조직 처리 하는 방법과 편견된 stereology 디자인-기반을 사용 하 여 SN 셀 숫자를 예측 하는 방법에 대 한 단계별 가이드를 제시 합니다. 또한, 예상된 셀 숫자의 계산 및 오류 (CE)의 계수에 대 한 템플릿은 제공 합니다.
여기에 설명 된 메서드는 SN의 분석에 국한 되지 않습니다 하지만 마우스 또는 쥐 뇌의 해부학 적 정의 다른 영역에 사용 하기 위해 적용할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 편견된 stereology 마10 과 로커 스 coeruleus11신경 세포 숫자를 추정 사용 되었습니다. 또한, 신경, 이다12 와 microglia13, 등 다른 세포 유형 뿐만 평가 될 수 있다. 따라서,이 방법은 그들의 연구에서 편견된 stereology를 구현 하고자 하지만 많은 stereology 시스템을 구입 하는 돈 지출 하고자 하는 과학자에 게 유용할 수 있습니다.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Paxinos mouse atlas</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:467px;">The Mouse Brain George Paxinos Keith B.J.FranklinCopyright @2001 by Academic Press CD Rom designet &#38; created by Paul Halasz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">brain matrix slicer mouse</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Zivic Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BSMAS 001-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1040051000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sucrose /D(+) Saccharose&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4621.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">isopentane</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3927.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">glycerol</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1040931000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32205-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">phosphate buffered saline ingredients:</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31434-1KG-R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">potassium dihydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1048731000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1065801000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1049360500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">normal goat serum</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Dako</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">X0907</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A4503-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">X100-100ml</td>
			<td>detergent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">3,3-Diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochlorid/DAB tablets 10mg pH 7.0</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Kem En Tec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4170</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">H2O2/ Hydrogen peroxide 30%</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1072090250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">avidin/biotin reagent</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">32050</td>
			<td>Standard Ultra Sensitive ABC Staining Kit, 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">rabbit anti mouse tyrosine hydroxylase antibody</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ab112</td>
			<td>1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">biotinylated goat-anti-rabbit IgG H+L</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">vector laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BA-1000</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">StereoInvestigator version 11.07</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">MBF</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">BX53 microscope</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Visiview</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Visitron Systems GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3.3.0.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Axiophot2</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">ImageJ software</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">NIH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Version 4.7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tissue-TEK OCT</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Sakura</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">dry ice</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">grid overlay plugin</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Wayne Rasband</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/graphic-overlay.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">cell counter plugin</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Kurt de Vos</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html).&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">optical disector macro</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Christopher Ward</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">C57Bl/6N male mice</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Charles River, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">SuperFrost Plus coated object slides</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Langenbrinck, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">25G needle Microlance 3</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">300400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">REGLO Analog Infusion pump</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">Ismatec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ISM 829</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">StereoInvestigator system</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:467px;">StereoInvestigator version 11.07</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">BX53 microscope</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:467px;">BX53 microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">self-assorted stereology</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:467px;">Visiview</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Axiophot2</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:467px;">Axiophot2</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stereological estimation of dopaminergic neuron number in the mouse substantia nigra using the optical fractionator and standard microscopy equipment

전 임상 파 킨 슨 병 연구에 substantia nigra에서 dopaminergic 신경 손실의 정량화를 포함 하 여 nigrostriatal로 분석은 필수적입니다. 총 dopaminergic 신경 세포 숫자를 예상 하려면 편견된 stereology 광학 fractionator 메서드를 사용 하 여 현재 이라고 여겨진다 금 표준. 광학 fractionator 메서드 뒤에 이론은 복잡 하 고 stereology 전문된 장비 없이 달성 하기 어렵습니다, 때문에 필요한 소프트웨어를 포함 하는 여러 상용 완료 stereology 시스템 존재, 순전히 있기 때문에 셀에 대 한 이유를 계산. 이 보고서에 dopaminergic 신경 세포의 stereological 추정 가벼운 현미경을 포함 하 여 표준 현미경 장비를 사용 하 여 계산에 대 한 방법을 설명 합니다 이후 특수 stereology 설치 구입은 항상 가능 하 고, 여러 가지 이유로, 한 이미징 소프트웨어와 분석에 대 한 컴퓨터 개체 테이블 (x, y, z 평면)를 자동화. 단계별 설명은 광학 fractionator 메서드를 사용 하 여 stereological 정량화를 수행 하는 방법에 부여 되 고 예상된 셀 개수 계산에 대 한 사전 프로그램 된 파일 제공 됩니다. 이 방법의 정확도 평가, 하 상용 stereology 장치에서 가져온 데이터에 대 한 비교는 수행 되었다. 유사한 핸드폰 번호가 프로토콜과 stereology 장치를 사용 하 여 따라서 편견된 stereology이이 프로토콜의 정밀도 보여주는 발견 됐다.

제시 방법, 일 + 오른쪽 SN 7,363 및 7,987 세포 사이 원거리로 하 고, SN, 왼쪽에서 dopaminergic 신경의 예상된 번호를 사용 하 여 7,446 및 7,904 세포 사이. 따라서, dopaminergic 신경 (± SEM)의 평균 수 SN 오른쪽과 왼쪽 SN 7,675 ± 66에 대 한 7,647 ± 83 셀 이었다. 각 동물에 대 한 계산 된 CE는 0.08 보다 낮은 (범위: 0.073 0.079) (그림 7). 상업적으로 사용 가능 하 고 전문 ster...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereological Estimation of Dopaminergic Neuron Number in the Mouse Substantia Nigra Using the Optical Fractionator and Standard Microscopy Equipment at JoVE.

Stereological Estimation of Dopaminergic Neuron Number in the Mouse Substantia Nigra Using the Optical Fractionator and Standard Microscopy Equipment

이 작업 표준 현미경 장비 (즉, 가벼운 현미경 자동화 개체 테이블 (x, y, z를 사용 하 여 마우스 substantia nigra에서 dopaminergic 신경 세포 숫자의 편견된 stereological 추정에 대 한 단계별 프로토콜 제공 비행기), 그리고 디지털 이미지 분석을 위한 공개 소프트웨어.

광학 Fractionator 표준 현미경 장비를 사용 하 여 마우스 Substantia Nigra에서 Dopaminergic 신경 수 stereological 추정

In pre-clinical Parkinson&#39;s disease research, analysis of the nigrostriatal tract, including quantification of dopaminergic neuron loss within the ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to describe the design-based stereological estimation of dopaminergic cell number in the mouse SN using standard microscopy equipment. This method is useful to estimate the number of dopaminergic neurons in the mouse substantia nigra for preclinical Parkinson's disease research using design-based unbiased stereology. The main advantage of this technique is that it can be accomplished with standard microscopy equipment without need for a commercially available complete stereology setup.Demonstrating the procedure will be Louisa Friez, a technician from my laboratory. Begin by placing a paraformaldehyde fixed mouse brain into a brain matrix and making a cut plus 0.74 millimeters from bregma. Transfer the caudal part of the brain including the SN into 4%PFA in 0.1 molar and fix overnight at four degrees Celsius.The next day, exchange the PFA for 30%sucrose in 0.1 molar PBS and incubate for another two days at four degrees Celsius to cryo protect the sample. After two days when the brain has sunk in the sucrose, place the tissue into a Cryomold filled with optimal cutting temperature compound and slowly freeze the tissue in liquid dry ice cooled isopentane. Use a cryostat to serially cut 30 micron cryo sections in the coronal plane.Mark the right hemisphere by puncturing a small hole into the upper region of the brain stem. Collect four series of sections starting at minus 2.46 millimeters from bregma and ending at 4.04 millimeters from bregma. Transfer each series of sections into a tube filled with cryoprotectant and store at minus 20 degrees Celsius.Capture digital images of tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemically stained SN sections using imaging software coupled to a microscope. Start by determining the actual mount and thickness of the sections at three randomly selected counting sites per section. First click on view top offset to define the top of the section.Then click on stop view top. Thereafter, click on view bottom offset and then click on stop view bottom. Write down the thickness of the section.Calculate the guard zone by subtracting three microns from the top offset and type the result into the top offset box. Then subtract the 13 micron height of the optical dissector from the top offset number and type the result into the bottom offset box. Select the following parameters, steps 14, size 1.00.Select the directory to save the file. Click on sequence to start the acquisition. After the images have been acquired, click on processing and select the following parameters, all planes from sequence, montage and the fast and stitching boxes with an image overlap of 10%Start to stitch the images by clicking on start.This will generate stack images for analysis. To begin, open the image by clicking on file and open. Set the image scale by using the analyze and set scale command.From this step, change the defined size from pixels to microns. Select the plugins then grid then grid type lines command to randomly insert a grid. Check the random offset box.Define the size of one square within the grid as 130 microns by 130 microns to equal 16, 900 square microns. Change image type from 16-bit to RGB color by clicking on image then type then RGB color. Locate the substantia nigra pars compacta.Encircle the region with the paintbrush tool using a brush width of 11. Undo the set scale command by clicking on analyze then set scale then click to remove scale to calculate in pixels rather than microns. Take a screenshot, save the image file and open the new file with ImageJ.Select brush and a brush width of 25. Mark every grid square that contacts the SN for placement of an optical dissector. Select one grid square that includes parts of the SN.Measure the upper left corner of the square with the cursor in ImageJ to define the starting x and y coordinates.Select the spreadsheet template entitled optical dissector position and calculate the optical dissector position. Then estimate the cell number using the calculation of cell count spreadsheet as described in the written portion of the protocol. This low power image shows a section of mouse brain after TH staining for dopaminergic neurons.Higher magnification depicts TH positive dopaminergic neurons. The inset shows the boxed region at increased magnification. This image shows one series of TH stained SN sections covering the whole mouse SN from rostral to caudal.Each section is separated from the consecutive section by 120 microns. The number of TH positive neurons in the right and left mouse SN were estimated using the method shown in this video and using a commercially available stereology system. As seen here, both methods resulted in comparable cell counts and there were no significant differences between data sets.Don't forget that working with paraformaldehyde can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as wearing of personal protection equipment like protective gloves should always be taken while performing this procedure. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to perform unbiased stereological estimation of dopaminergic neuron number in the mouse substantia nigra using the optical fraction method and standard microscopy equipment.

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