Name: derivation of stem cell lines from mouse preimplantation embryos
Uploaded: 2017-08-20T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos at JoVE.com

Wir danken Jonatan Lucas für seine technische Unterstützung mit Feeder-Zellkultur, Servei Estabulari De La UAB für Tierpflege und Domènec Martín für die Videoaufnahme. Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt vom Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-52408-R und Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR-524. MVC ist ein PIF-UAB-Stipendium.

die Verwendung von Tieren, die in den folgenden Abschnitten beschriebenen genehmigt wurde, durch die Ethikkommission für Tier- und Human Research von der Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona und Handelsverträge d &#39; Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca ich Alimentació von der Generalitat de Catalunya (Protokoll #8741).
 1. Feeder Zelle Inaktivierung und Lagerung Hinweis: menschliche Vorhaut Fibroblasten (HFF-1) in 1 mL eiskalte Lösung bestehend aus 90 % fetalen Bovine...

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+in+culture+of+pluripotential+cells+from+mouse+embryos.">Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos.</a> Nature. 292, 154-156 (1981).</li><li>Martin, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+pluripotent+cell+line+from+early+mouse+embryos+cultured+in+medium+conditioned+by+teratocarcinoma+stem+cells.">Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 78 (12), 7634-7638 (1981).</li><li>Martin, G. R., Evans, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+clonal+lines+of+teratocarcinoma+cells:+formation+of+embryoid+bodies+in+vitro.">Differentiation of clonal lines of teratocarcinoma cells: formation of embryoid bodies in vitro.</a> PNAS. 72 (4), 1441-1445 (1976).</li><li>Czechanski, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+and+characterization+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells+from+permissive+and+nonpermissive+strains.">Derivation and characterization of mouse embryonic stem cells from permissive and nonpermissive strains.</a> Nat Prot. 9 (3), 559-574 (2014).</li><li>Smith, A. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+pluripotential+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation+by+purified+polypeptides.">Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides.</a> Nature. 336 (6200), 688-690 (1988).</li><li>Williams, R. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myeloid+leukaemia+inhibitory+factor+maintains+the+developmental+potential+of+embryonic+stem+cells.">Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells.</a> Nature. 336 (6200), 684-687 (1988).</li><li>Brook, F. A., Gardner, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+origin+and+efficient+derivation+of+embryonic+stem+cells+in+the+mouse.">The origin and efficient derivation of embryonic stem cells in the mouse.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 94 (11), 5709-5712 (1997).</li><li>Ward, C. M., Stern, P., Willington, M. A., Flenniken, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+germline+transmission+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells+grown+in+synthetic+serum+in+the+absence+of+a+fibroblast+feeder+layer.">Efficient germline transmission of mouse embryonic stem cells grown in synthetic serum in the absence of a fibroblast feeder layer.</a> Lab Invest. 82 (12), 1765-1767 (2002).</li><li>Ying, Q. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ground+state+of+embryonic+stem+cell+self-renewal.">The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal.</a> Nature. 453 (7194), 519-523 (2008).</li><li>Wakayama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+establishment+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cell+lines+from+single+blastomeres+and+polar+bodies.">Efficient establishment of mouse embryonic stem cell lines from single blastomeres and polar bodies.</a> Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). 25 (4), 986-993 (2007).</li><li>Chatot, C. L., Ziomek, C. A., Bavister, B. D., Lewis, J. L., Torres, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+culture+medium+support+development+of+random-bred+1-cell+mouse+embryos+in+vitro.">An improved culture medium support development of random-bred 1-cell mouse embryos in vitro.</a> J Reprod Fertil. 86, 679-688 (1989).</li><li>Nagy, A., Vintersten, K., Behringer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual. , (2003).</li><li>Lee, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditions+and+techniques+for+mouse+embryonic+stem+cell+derivation+and+culture.">Conditions and techniques for mouse embryonic stem cell derivation and culture.</a> Pluripotent Stem Cells. , 85-115 (2013).</li><li>Ma, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+foreskin+fibroblast+produces+interleukin-6+to+support+derivation+and+self-renewal+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells.">Human foreskin fibroblast produces interleukin-6 to support derivation and self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells.</a> Stem Cell Res Ther. 3 (29), (2012).</li><li>Cheng, J., Dutra, A., Takesono, A., Garrett-Beal, L., Schwartzberg, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+generation+of+C57BL/6J+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells+in+a+defined+serum-free+media.">Improved generation of C57BL/6J mouse embryonic stem cells in a defined serum-free media.</a> Genesis. 39 (2), 100-104 (2004).</li><li>Chaudhry, M. A., Vitalis, T. Z., Bowen, B. D., Piret, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basal+medium+composition+and+serum+or+serum+replacement+concentration+influences+on+the+maintenance+of+murine+embryonic+stem+cells.">Basal medium composition and serum or serum replacement concentration influences on the maintenance of murine embryonic stem cells.</a> Cytotechnology. 58 (3), 173-179 (2008).</li><li>Kawase, E., Suemori, H., Takahashi, N., Okazaki, K., Hashimoto, K., Nakatsuji, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain+difference+in+establishment+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+(ES)+cell+lines.">Strain difference in establishment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines.</a> Int. J. Dev. Biol. 38 (2), 385-390 (1994).</li><li>Gonzalez, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell+culture+conditions+support+distinct+states+associated+with+different+developmental+stages+and+potency.">Embryonic stem cell culture conditions support distinct states associated with different developmental stages and potency.</a> Stem Cell Rep. 7 (2), 177-191 (2016).</li></ol>

Obwohl mESC Linie Ableitung ein bekannter Verfahren routinemäßig in vielen Laboratorien eingesetzt wird, ist der Wirkungsgrad nicht immer so hoch wie erwartet aufgrund der multiplen Faktoren, die Aufrechterhaltung der Pluripotenz stören können. In diesem Artikel zeigen wir Schritt für Schritt, wie man mESC Linien mit hohen Wirkungsgraden über ein einfaches und zuverlässiges Protokoll zu etablieren. Diese Effizienz sind ähnlich denen in der Literatur beschrieben.
Um maximale Effizienz z...

Embryonale Stammzellen (ESC) sind pluripotente Zellen aus Präimplantations Embryonen, die behalten die Fähigkeit, selbst zu erneuern oder unter bestimmten Bedingungen1zu unterscheiden. Basierend auf diesen Eigenschaften, ESC sind ein nützliches Werkzeug für die regenerative Medizin, Krankheit Modellierung und Tissue engineering Studium2geworden.
ESC wurden zum ersten Mal von Präimplantationsdiagnostik Mäuseembryonen, mit ESC (mESC) Mauslinien mit geringen Erfolg3,4Ursprung abgeleitet. Jahrelang blieb der Herleitung Wirkungsgrad niedrig wegen der Schwierigkeit der Aufrechterhaltung der Pluripotenz in Vitro. Außerdem das Vorhandensein von Feeder Zellen5, die Ableitung effizienter zu gestalten, Kolonie Anlage fördern und verbessern karyotypic Stabilität6, einige Modifikationen von den Protokoll führen zu einer Verbesserung der Pluripotenz Wartung. Die wichtigsten waren die Zugabe von Leukämie hemmenden Faktor (LIF), mESC Kulturmedium7,8, die Verwendung von Embryonen aus dem 129S2 permissive Hintergrund9 und die Kultur der mESC mit Medium ergänzt mit definierten Serum, frei von möglichen Differenzierung Faktoren10. Vor kurzem hat zwingende Beweise gezeigt, dass Zusatz von einem Cocktail aus zwei kleinen Molekül-Modulatoren der Signalwege, die mESC Kulturmedium (bekannt als 2i) am besten, Pluripotenz beizubehalten. Die 2i cocktail besteht aus einer Kombination von MEK-Inhibitor PD0325901, die die Differenzierung Signale reduziert durch die Hemmung des Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Weges, und der GSK3β-Inhibitor CHIR99021, die Zelle Überleben bei geringer Dichte verbessert durch die Aktivierung der Wnt-Signalweg-11.
In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir ein einfaches Protokoll um effizient mESC Linien von Maus Blastozysten abzuleiten. Wir folgen Standardverfahren, Kultivierung der Embryonen von freizügigen Belastungen für Feeder-Zellen in Ableitung Medium mit LIF und ein Serum-Ersatz-12ergänzt. Nach diesem Protokoll mESC Linien kann mit Wirkungsgraden Äquivalent zu denen, die in 2i Medium abgeleitet werden. Trotzdem können 2i hinzugefügt werden, um mögliche Probleme mit Pluripotenz Wartung oder beim Arbeiten mit nicht-freizügigen Belastungen zu vermeiden.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1125">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">1 mL sryringe</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">309628</td>
			<td style="width:524px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">2-&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>31350-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">4-well plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">176740</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:263px;">Acidic Tyrode&#39;s solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Home-made</td>
			<td style="width:141px;"></td>
			<td style="width:524px;">See recipe in Nagy et al, 2003. For short-term storage (up to 1 month) keep it at 4&#186;C. Alternatively, for long-term storage keep it at -20&#186;C. If the efficiency of the solution diminishes, it should be acidified by the adition of a small drop of HCl 1M.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A3311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:263px;">Chicken anti-Mouse IgG, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes - Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A-21200</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution. Secondary antibody for Oct4, Tuj1, &#945;SMA and AFP mouse antibodies.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">CHIR990212</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Axon Medchem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">1386</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Reconstitute with 2.15 ml DMSO for each mg of powder, to obtain a 1 mM stock solution. Aliquot at desired volume and store at -20&#186;C. Avoid freeze and thaw cycles.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">CryoTube</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">3754518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">41640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td>L0107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td>S1810</td>
			<td>Inactivate it prior to use by heating for 30 mins at 56&#186;C. Aliquot and store at -20&#186;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Flushing needle</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td>304000</td>
			<td>Cut the end of the needle and ground to a blunt tip on an abrasive stone</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Gelatin from porcine skin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fluka</td>
			<td>48724</td>
			<td>Dilute at 0,2% in destilled water and autoclave it. Each dilution can be used for a month.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Goat anti-Rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 594</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes - Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A-11037</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution. Secondary antibody for Sox2 rabbit antibody.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">HBSS</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">L0611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Hepes-buffered CZB&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Home-made</td>
			<td style="width:141px;"></td>
			<td>See composition in Chatot et al, 1989</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:263px;">Human chorionic gonadotropin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Divasa-Farmavic</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">Veterin-Corion 3000 UI</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Dilute in NaCl 0.9% at 50 IU/ml. Aliquot it in 1 ml and store at -20&#186;C for up to two months. Once thawed do not freeze again.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Human foreskin fibroblasts</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">ATCCSCRC-1041</td>
			<td>For long term storage it is recommended to store them in liquid nitrogen.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>&#160;10828-028</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Photosensitive. It is recommended to aliquot it in small volumes such as 10 ml and store it at -20&#186;C (check the expiration date). Avoid freeze and thaw cycles.&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:263px;">KSOMaag Evolve</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Zenith Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">ZEKS-050</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Supplement with 4 mg/ml BSA. Equilibrate at 37&#186;C and 5% CO2 a day prior to use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Leukemia Inhibitory Factor</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Merk Millipore</td>
			<td>ESG1106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:263px;">Mice&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Charles River/Harlan</td>
			<td style="width:141px;"></td>
			<td style="width:524px;">It is recommended to use mice from a permissive strain in terms of mESC derivation (such as 129S2 or C57BL). However, inbreed strains are less efficient producing embryos. Therefore, it is recomended to use a hybrid strain, such as 129S2 x C57BL or B6CBAF1 to take advantage of the hybrid vigor.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8410</td>
			<td>Embryo tested. Photosensitive.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">Mitomycin C</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Serva</td>
			<td>2980501</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Reconstitute the powder with MilliQ water at 0.5 mg/ml. Store at 4&#186;C protected from light. Attention, it is harmful and suspected of causing cancer.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse anti-tubulin &#946; III (Tuj1)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">MMS-435P</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse monoclonal anti-&#945;SMA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A5228</td>
			<td>1:200 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse monoclonal anti-AFP</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">MAB1368</td>
			<td>1:50 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse monoclonal anti Oct3/4&#160;</td>
			<td>Santa cruz</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">Sc-5279</td>
			<td>1:50 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Non-Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11140-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">PD0325901</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Axon Medchem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">1408</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Reconstitute with 2.08 ml DMSO for each mg of powder, to obtain a 1 mM stock solution. Aliquot at desired volume and store at -20&#186;C. Avoid freeze and thaw cycles.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Petri dish (35mm)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">153066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Petri dish (60mm)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td>150288</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:263px;">Pregnant mare&#39;s serum gonadotropin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Foligon</td>
			<td>Foligon-1000 UI</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Dilute in NaCl 0.9% at 50 IU/ml. Aliquot it in 1 ml and store at -20&#186;C for up to two months. Once thawed do not freeze again.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Rabbit policlonal anti-Sox2</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">AB5603</td>
			<td>1:200 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">T75 falcon</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">130190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Trypsin-EDTA 10x</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">X0930</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:10 in HBSS to obtain a 1x solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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derivation of stem cell lines from mouse preimplantation embryos

Maus embryonalen Stammzellen (mESC) Ableitung ist der Prozess, durch welche, den pluripotenten Zelllinien aus preimplantation Embryos ansässig sind. Diese Zeilen erhalten die Möglichkeit, entweder selbst zu erneuern oder unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu unterscheiden. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften mESC sind ein nützliches Werkzeug in der regenerativen Medizin, Krankheit Modellierung und Gewebe Ingenieurstudium. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein einfaches Protokoll mESC Linien mit hoher Ableitung Wirkungsgraden (60-80 %) erhalten durch Kultivierung Blastozysten von freizügigen Mausstämme Feeder-Zellen in definierten Mediums mit Leukämie hemmenden Faktor ergänzt. Das Protokoll kann auch angewendet werden um effizient mESC Linien nicht freizügig Mausstämme, abgeleitet durch die einfache Zugabe von einem Cocktail aus zwei kleine Molekül-Inhibitoren auf die Ableitung Medium (2i Medium). Einzelheiten über die Vorbereitung und die Kultur der Feeder-Zellen, Sammlung und Maus-Embryonen und Ableitung und Kultur mESC Linien stehen zur Verfügung. Dieses Protokoll erfordert keine speziellen Ausrüstung und kann in jedem Labor mit grundlegenden Säugerzelle Kultur Expertise durchgeführt werden.

Nach diesem Protokoll sollte mehr als 95 % der Auswuchs Bildung nach der ersten Woche der Kultur (Abbildung 1A) erreicht werden. MESC Linien nach sechs Passagen sind Variable unter experimentellen Wiederholungen mit eine durchschnittliche Erfolgsquote von 60-80 %. Die Zugabe von 2i deutlich verbessert nicht die Ergebnisse bei der Arbeit mit freizügigen Mausstämme, z. B. mit einem 129S2 Hintergrund, aber es ist notwendig, bei der Arbeit mit nicht-freizügige...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos at JoVE.com

Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

Ableitung von Stammzelllinien aus Präimplantations Mausembryonen

Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein Protokoll, um effizient leiten und Kultur pluripotenten Stammzelllinien aus Maus-Embryonen im Blastozystenstadium.

Mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) derivation is the process by which pluripotent cell lines are established from preimplantation embryos. These lines ...

Stem cells are pluripotent and specialized cells characterized by their long-term self-renewal and their ability to give rise to differentiated cells from the three germ layers under certain conditions. Due to these properties, stem cells have a great potential in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and animal engineering. For years, embryonic stem cell lines destined to research purposes have been mainly derived from mouse embryos, but in general the derivation efficiencies achieved have been low.In this video, we show a simple protocol to derive mouse embryonic stem cell lines using standard conditions that provides reasonably high derivation efficiencies comparable to the efficiencies obtained when using modulators of signaling pathways, such as 2i. In this protocol, we'll human foreskin fibroblasts as feeder cells for ESC derivation and culture. Before starting the ESC derivation process, it's necessary to inactivate the feeder cells.First, take a cryogenic vial of human foreskin fibroblasts stored in liquid nitrogen, and thaw it by immersing the vial in a water bath at 37 degrees C.Once thawed, dilute the content in DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Seed the dilution in a Falcon flask, and culture it until reaching the confluence stage. Next, to inactivate the fibroblasts, dilute mitomycin C in DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum and incubate the cells for three hours in this inactivation solution.Then, remove the inactivation solution and rinse the cells three times with Hanks'Balanced Salt Solution to eliminate mitomycin C remnants. To detach the inactivated feeder cells, add one milliliter of trypsin-EDTA solution and incubate the cells for five minutes. After that, observe the cells under an inverted microscope to ensure they are detached from the culture flask.Then, pipette the cells with a Pasteur pipette to dissociate the cell clumps and neutralize the enzymatic solution by adding four milliliters of DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Take a small aliquot, dilute it in saline solution, and determine the number of cells using a Neubauer chamber. In parallel, centrifuge the rest of the sample.Discard the supernatant, and dilute the pellet in freezing solution at a final concentration of one million cells per milliliter. Aliquot the suspension in cryogenic vials. And finally, place the cryogenic vials in a freezing container and put them at minus 80 degrees C.The next day, store them in liquid nitrogen.One to four days before starting the derivation process, take a cryotube of inactivated feeder cells stored in liquid nitrogen and thaw it in a water bath at 37 degrees C.Then, dilute the cells in pre-warmed DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum and pipette gently to ensure a homogeneous mixture. Add 500 microliters of pre-warmed gelatin solution to each well of a four-well plate, and keep it at 37 degrees C for 10 minutes. Right after, remove the gelatin from each well.Add 500 microliters of the feeder cells dilution to each well, and gently rock the plate to ensure a uniform distribution of the feeder cells on the bottom of the wells. Avoid making circular movements, as this would concentrate the cells in the center of the well. Then, place the plate in the incubator at 37 degrees and 5%carbon dioxide for at least 24 hours.The next day, observe the cells under an inverted microscope and check they're attached and thoroughly distributed. Finally, change the medium of the feeder cells with pre-warmed DMEM supplemented with fetal bovine serum to remove DMSO remnants. Before embryo collection, induce mouse female superovulation by intraperitoneal injection of five international units of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin 48 hours apart.Mate the females with males, and separate them 24 hours later. To collect two-cell stage embryos, euthanize the females 48 hours post coitum, dissect the female mice to obtain the oviducts and a short portion of the uterine horns, and place them in a dish with HEPES-buffered CZB medium. Then, one by one, flush the oviducts with HEPES-buffered CZB medium under the stereo microscope to collect the embryos.Transfer the two-cell embryos to a culture dish prepared the previous day with several drops of embryo culture medium covered with mineral oil. Keep the embryos in the incubator until the blastocyst stage. Monitor the embryo development every 24 hours.Embryos are expected to reach the blastocyst stage 48 hours after the start of the in vitro culture. If possible, select only expanded blastocysts to start the derivation process. On the day of embryo seeding, prepare the medium for stem cell derivation.Add leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, to DMEM supplemented with 2-beta-mercaptoethanol non-essential amino acids and KnockOut serum replacement. If desired, add an MAPK inhibitor and a GSK-3 inhibitor to obtain a 2i medium. Take the four-well plate with the monolayer of feeder cells from the incubator.Remove the medium, and add 800 microliters of the freshly prepared derivation medium. Before seeding the blastocysts on the feeder cells, the zona pellucida must be removed. To do so, transfer one embryo from the culture plate to a drop of acidic Tyrode's solution and keep it there until the zona pellucida is digested.Make sure that the zona pellucida has been completely removed by adjusting the focus and the contrast of the stereo microscope. Then, rinse the zona-free embryo in several drops of derivation medium and seed it on a monolayer of feeder cells. Repeat the process with the rest of the embryos.Culture the plate at 37 degrees C and 5%carbon dioxide. Monitor the cultures every 24 hours under an inverted microscope to assess their growth and to identify potential early signs of differentiation, such as swollen refractive cells surrounding the outgrowth or even pushing the feeder cells aside. Change the medium of the culture every other day.To do so, take the four-well plate from the incubator, remove the medium from each well, and add 800 microliters of pre-warmed derivation medium supplemented with LIF and 2i if used. Return the plates to the incubator, and maintain the culture until outgrowths are observed. Six to eight days after blastocyst seeding, an outgrowth should be observed, and it must be subcultured.For this procedure, cull-like handles and stem cells manipulation pipettes are required. To make them, take a long-tip Pasteur pipette and heat its thinner part using a Bunsen burner. Once soft, withdraw the pipette from the flame and pull the two ends apart until they separate.Use the thicker part as the stem cell manipulation pipette. Heat the tip of the thinner part, and shape it until obtaining a hook to prepare cull-like handle. To subculture the outgrowth, locate it under the stereo microscope.With the help of the handle, push away the differentiated cells that surround the outgrowth. To avoid an eventual differentiation, it's important to be strict when removing the differentiated cells from the edge of the outgrowth. Using a stem cell manipulation pipette, aspirate the outgrowth and place it in a drop of pre-warmed trypsin-EDTA solution.With the help of a scalpel, cut the outgrowth in several pieces to disaggregate it mechanically and enzymatically. Recover the outgrowth fragments, and place them in a drop of pre-warmed derivation medium in order to neutralize the trypsin action. Finally, seed the outgrowth fragments into the four-well plate with a monolayer of feeder cells and culture them in a derivation medium at 37 degrees C and 5%carbon dioxide.Stem cell-like cultures must be maintained for at least six weeks before an ESC line can be considered as established. During this period, it's necessary to change the medium every other day and subculture them once a week. As passage numbers increase, the morphology of the colonies progressively changes from a dome shape to a more elongated and flattened morphology.After six passages, mouse ESC lines constitutively express pluripotency markers, such as Oct 4 and Sox 2. Moreover, after inducing ESC in vitro differentiation by culturing them in DMEM supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum and without feeder cells, differentiation markers representative of the three germ layers can be detected by immunofluorescence. Here, we show the detection of the anti-tubulin beta-3 protein as a marker for ectoderm, alpha-smooth muscle actin for mesoderm, and alpha-fetoprotein for endoderm.Following this simple procedure, embryonic stem cells can be derived from mouse blastocysts with efficiencies ranging from 60%to 78%While attempting this procedure, it's important to control the cells daily or every other day because the timings provided here are just illustrative. If embryonic stem cell colonies overgrow, they become darker because of cell accumulation and tend to differentiate more easily. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of mouse embryonic stem cell derivation and culture using standard conditions.

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