Name: flow cytometry-based drug screening system for the identification of small molecules that promote cellular differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells
Uploaded: 2018-01-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flow Cytometry-based Drug Screening System for the Identification of Small Molecules That Promote Cellular Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells at JoVE.

この作品は、NIH の R01CA187780 で部分的にサポートされています。

注: グリアと神経レンチ レポーター系事前包装された、集中のレンチ ウイルス製剤として購入されました。流れの cytometry 技術の基本的な知識が必要です。また、このプロトコルの完全な使用のため、ユーザーは、フローサイト、(96 ウェルのプレートをサンプル ソースとして受け入れる)、高処理能力へのアクセスを必要があります。
1. レンチ ウイルスの転写レポーター...

<ol>
	<li>Maher, E. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Malignant+glioma:+genetics+and+biology+of+a+grave+matter.">Malignant glioma: genetics and biology of a grave matter.</a> Genes Dev. 15 (11), 1311-1333 (2001).</li><li>Bonavia, R., Inda, M. M., Cavenee, W. K., Furnari, F. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterogeneity+maintenance+in+glioblastoma:+a+social+network.">Heterogeneity maintenance in glioblastoma: a social network.</a> Cancer Res. 71 (12), 4055-4060 (2011).</li><li>Bao, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glioma+stem+cells+promote+radioresistance+by+preferential+activation+of+the+DNA+damage+response.">Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response.</a> Nature. 444 (7120), 756-760 (2006).</li><li>Sul, J., Fine, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Malignant+gliomas:+new+translational+therapies.">Malignant gliomas: new translational therapies.</a> Mt Sinai J Med. 77 (6), 655-666 (2010).</li><li>Bar, E. E., Chaudhry, A., Farah, M. H., Eberhart, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hedgehog+signaling+promotes+medulloblastoma+survival+via+Bc/II.">Hedgehog signaling promotes medulloblastoma survival via Bc/II.</a> Am J Pathol. 170 (1), 347-355 (2007).</li><li>Chu, Q., Orr, B. A., Semenkow, S., Bar, E. E., Eberhart, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prolonged+inhibition+of+glioblastoma+xenograft+initiation+and+clonogenic+growth+following+in+vivo+Notch+blockade.">Prolonged inhibition of glioblastoma xenograft initiation and clonogenic growth following in vivo Notch blockade.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 19 (12), 3224-3233 (2013).</li><li>Schreck, K. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Notch+target+Hes1+directly+modulates+Gli1+expression+and+Hedgehog+signaling:+a+potential+mechanism+of+therapeutic+resistance.">The Notch target Hes1 directly modulates Gli1 expression and Hedgehog signaling: a potential mechanism of therapeutic resistance.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 16 (24), 6060-6070 (2010).</li><li>Warrell, R. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+therapy+of+acute+promyelocytic+leukemia+with+tretinoin+(all-trans-retinoic+acid).">Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid).</a> N Engl J Med. 324 (20), 1385-1393 (1991).</li><li>Piccirillo, S. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+morphogenetic+proteins+inhibit+the+tumorigenic+potential+of+human+brain+tumour-initiating+cells.">Bone morphogenetic proteins inhibit the tumorigenic potential of human brain tumour-initiating cells.</a> Nature. 444 (7120), 761-765 (2006).</li><li>Bar, E. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclopamine-mediated+hedgehog+pathway+inhibition+depletes+stem-like+cancer+cells+in+glioblastoma.">Cyclopamine-mediated hedgehog pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cancer cells in glioblastoma.</a> Stem Cells. 25 (10), 2524-2533 (2007).</li><li>Bar, E. E., Lin, A., Mahairaki, V., Matsui, W., Eberhart, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+increases+the+expression+of+stem-cell+markers+and+promotes+clonogenicity+in+glioblastoma+neurospheres.">Hypoxia increases the expression of stem-cell markers and promotes clonogenicity in glioblastoma neurospheres.</a> Am J Pathol. 177 (3), 1491-1502 (2010).</li><li>Kahlert, U. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD133/CD15+defines+distinct+cell+subpopulations+with+differential+in+vitro+clonogenic+activity+and+stem+cell-related+gene+expression+profile+in+in+vitro+propagated+glioblastoma+multiforme-derived+cell+line+with+a+PNET-like+component.">CD133/CD15 defines distinct cell subpopulations with differential in vitro clonogenic activity and stem cell-related gene expression profile in in vitro propagated glioblastoma multiforme-derived cell line with a PNET-like component.</a> Folia Neuropathol. 50 (4), 357-368 (2012).</li><li>Lim, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+monocarboxylate+transporter-4+depletes+stem-like+glioblastoma+cells+and+inhibits+HIF+transcriptional+response+in+a+lactate-independent+manner.">Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter-4 depletes stem-like glioblastoma cells and inhibits HIF transcriptional response in a lactate-independent manner.</a> Oncogene. 33 (35), 4433-4441 (2014).</li><li>Kahlert, U. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ZEB1+Promotes+Invasion+in+Human+Fetal+Neural+Stem+Cells+and+Hypoxic+Glioma+Neurospheres.">ZEB1 Promotes Invasion in Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells and Hypoxic Glioma Neurospheres.</a> Brain Pathol. 25 (6), 724-732 (2014).</li><li>Hu, Y., Smyth, G. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ELDA:+extreme+limiting+dilution+analysis+for+comparing+depleted+and+enriched+populations+in+stem+cell+and+other+assays.">ELDA: extreme limiting dilution analysis for comparing depleted and enriched populations in stem cell and other assays.</a> J Immunol Methods. 347 (1-2), 70-78 (2009).</li><li>Meyer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+cell-derived+clonal+analysis+of+human+glioblastoma+links+functional+and+genomic+heterogeneity.">Single cell-derived clonal analysis of human glioblastoma links functional and genomic heterogeneity.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112 (3), 851-856 (2015).</li><li>Galli, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+tumorigenic,+stem-like+neural+precursors+from+human+glioblastoma.">Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma.</a> Cancer Res. 64 (19), 7011-7021 (2004).</li><li>Spina, R., Voss, D. M., Asnaghi, L., Sloan, A., Bar, E. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atracurium+Besylate+and+other+neuromuscular+blocking+agents+promote+astroglial+differentiation+and+deplete+glioblastoma+stem+cells.">Atracurium Besylate and other neuromuscular blocking agents promote astroglial differentiation and deplete glioblastoma stem cells.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (1), 459-472 (2016).</li></ol>

それらを定義するマーカーに主に焦点を当てた GSCs の以前の研究のほとんどは、この研究しました逆のアプローチを取ること。GSCs (例えば、グリアと神経細胞のマーカーを発現する細胞) によって生成される差別化された後代に主に着目します。高スループットの細胞を用いた薬剤のスクリーニングの GFP の人間の GFAP プロモーター依存表現に基づくシステムの使用率を示します。すべての実...

最近の研究は、腫瘍が小さい人口を含む示されているがん幹細胞 (CSCs) または腫瘍幹細胞と呼ばれる細胞の腫瘍の進行、転移、化学療法やラジオ療法1,への抵抗に責任があります。2。 癌幹細胞と腫瘍内の区別された後代の存在性の促進の重要な要因である、従って癌3の治療の主要なハードルを表します。癌幹細胞理論によって提供される腫瘍細胞階層は、 4癌を治療するために新たな戦略の開発を触発しています。癌幹細胞をターゲットに 1 つのアプローチは、識別し、影響を受ける臓器の萌芽期の開発中に必要なことがわかっているシグナル伝達経路を阻害します。確かに、私たちと他の人まで神経幹細胞に関連するシグナル伝達経路ソニック ・ ザ ・ ヘッジホッグとノッチ膠芽腫5,6,7での継続的な要件を説明する複数のペーパーを発行しています。この作品はいくつか糸球体基底膜の臨床試験のための理論的根拠を確固たるものにしました。癌幹細胞をターゲットに 2 番目のアプローチは、分化を促進するためです。このアプローチは、レチノイン酸 (ATRA、ビタミン A アナログ) と急性前骨髄球性白血病の治療に臨床および臨床研究から多くの良好な結果のためのサポートを受けています。ここで ATRA が成熟のブロックを削除し、8がん細胞の分化を促進する見つかりました。もっと最近、Piccirillo と同僚エレガントな示されている BMP 4 が GSC 重要な抗 GBM の効果生体外でそして生体内9アストロ サイト分化を促進すること。
現在の研究のための理論的根拠は、GSCs をターゲットに「逆工学」アプローチに基づいています。広大な不均一性癌の特徴の一つである貧困層の分化と糸球体基底膜の存在を考えるとかどうか、我々 はより有利な表現型 - アストロ サイトのような状態への分化を促進できると聞きました。ここでは、指定された腫瘍標本の GSCs を維持するが、むしろ所望の表現型 (例えば GFAP 陽性) の実現を目指し信号経路の事前の知識がありません。
このレポートでは、行を確立 GSC 分化記者-GSC 濃縮文化の伝達から GSC 栄養系選抜するための手順について説明します。使用される膠芽腫 neurosphere ラインは病院サンラッファ - ミラノ、イタリアで膠芽腫の診断で患者から教授アンジェロ Vescovi の研究所で確立されました。これらの行が盛んでいくつか出版物6,10、11,12,13,14。研究室では、これらのテクニックを実装することに興味がある人がレポーター検討していく細胞のがん幹細胞自己複製能力との関連性を決定することを強くお勧めします (これは任意の記者にも当てはまります)。フィールドで受け入れの in vitroクローンのアッセイのための詳しいプロトコルは、この15,16を達成するために提供しています。最後に、最後にフローサイトメトリーによる薬剤スクリーンの分化記者ラインの利用を記述する詳細なプロトコルが提供されます。注記のうち、同様にグリア分化のシステムが、ここで説明するが正常に設立し、GSC 記者行 MAP2:GFP (神経分化) 報道記者の統合を検証します。したがって、方法論は、この記述する紙、様々 な細胞に細胞分化の研究に適用できます。
いくつかの報告ではこの数字は最近の出版物で見つけることができます:"アトラクリウムベシル酸注射アンプルやその他の神経筋遮断剤グリア分化を促進し、神経膠芽腫幹細胞18を使い果たします。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ESGRO Complete Accutase</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>SF006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS (Hank&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H6648</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human GFAP Differentiation Reporter (pGreenZeo, Virus)</td>
			<td>SBI (System Biosciences)</td>
			<td>SR10015VA-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 ml sterile disposable reagent reservoirs</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>4870</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>130184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96 well plate</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biolite T25 cm&#178; Flask Vented</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>130189</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biolite T75 cm&#178; Flask Vented</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>130190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml Centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5ml Microcentrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-408-129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovation Multi Channel Pipette, 12 Channel, 0.5 - 20uL</td>
			<td>VistaLab Technologies</td>
			<td>1060-0020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovation Multi Channel Pipette, 12 Channel, 5-250uL</td>
			<td>VistaLab Technologies</td>
			<td>1060-0250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi 12-channel pipette tips 25 &#956;l</td>
			<td>VistaLab Technologies</td>
			<td>4060-1002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multi 12-channel pipette tips 250 &#956;l</td>
			<td>VistaLab Technologies</td>
			<td>4060-9025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Guava easyCyte 5HT Benchtop Flow Cytometer</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td>0500-4005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIH Clinical Collections 1 and 2 small molecule libraries</td>
			<td>Evotec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>For the preparation of neural stem cell media (500 mL)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Final concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>GoldBio.com</td>
			<td>A-421-250</td>
			<td>0.20%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12 10X</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>90-091-PB</td>
			<td>1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3149</td>
			<td>0.0002%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES 1M</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H4036</td>
			<td>5.4 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin-Transferrin- Selenium (ITS -G) (100X)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>41400-045</td>
			<td>1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S-5761</td>
			<td>14.5 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL) 100X</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Progesterone</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8783</td>
			<td>16 nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Putrescine</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5780</td>
			<td>4.8 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Basic FGF (FGF2), Human</td>
			<td>GoldBio</td>
			<td>1140-02-50</td>
			<td>10 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGF, Human</td>
			<td>GoldBio</td>
			<td>1150-04-100</td>
			<td>20 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bottle-Top Filter, 150ml, 33mm, 0.22um, Pes, S, Ind</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431160</td>
			<td>Use to filter sterlize media</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

flow cytometry-based drug screening system for the identification of small molecules that promote cellular differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells

膠芽腫 (GBM) は、成人では、米国だけで毎年約 14,000 人が死亡を引き起こす最も一般的なと最も致命的な原発性脳腫瘍です。診断後生存期間の中央値は、最大の外科的切除、放射線とテモゾロマイド化学療法と 15 ヶ月未満です。糸球体基底膜のより効果的な治療の開発に固有の課題がますます明らかになり、その不屈の侵襲性、標準治療への抵抗、遺伝的複雑性と分子適応性、および糸球体基底膜のサブポピュレーションを含む正常幹細胞に表現型の類似性を持つ細胞以下神経膠芽腫幹細胞 (GSCs) といいます。GSCs は腫瘍の増殖・進展に必須なので、分化基づかせていた療法はこれらの難治性の腫瘍のための実行可能な治療法を表します。
次のプロトコルは、高スループット スクリーニング ・ GSC グリア分化を促進する小さい分子の同定を目的としたプラットフォームを確立する手順のコレクションを記述します。システムのコアではグリア線維性酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 分化記者-構成要素です。プロトコルには、次の一般的な手順が含まれています: (1) GSC 分化記者ライン; の確立(2) テスト/検証記者 GSC 自己更新/クローン形成能力との関連性(3) の大容量フローサイトメトリーによる薬剤のスクリーニング。
スクリーニング プラットフォームは、GSCs の分化を促進する小さい分子を識別するために簡単かつ安価な方法を提供します。さらに、FDA 承認薬の図書館の利用はより急速に再利用することができますエージェントの識別の可能性を保持しています。また、癌幹細胞の分化を促進する治療法は、ターゲットし、主により分化したがん細胞を排除している現在の「ケアの標準」治療と相乗的働くと予想されます。

3 つの独立した患者由来の神経幹細胞ラインが Zeocin 抵抗カセットとフレームではの溶ける緑色蛍光蛋白質 (GFP) のエンコーディング レンチ グリア記者増殖型、人間 GFAP プロモーター要素 (によって駆動図 1)。96 well プレート (図 2) の井戸あたり 0.7 セルをめっきで隔離された個々 の次のクローンは、これ流れフローサイト?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flow Cytometry-based Drug Screening System for the Identification of Small Molecules That Promote Cellular Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells at JoVE.

Flow Cytometry-based Drug Screening System for the Identification of Small Molecules That Promote Cellular Differentiation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells

流れの Cytometry ベースの医薬品スクリーニング システム神経膠芽腫幹細胞の細胞分化を促進する小さい分子の同定に関する研究

神経膠芽腫幹細胞 (GSCs) のグリア分化を促進する小さい分子の同定の効率的なスクリーニングのプロトコルが表示されます。アッセイは、人間の GFAP プロモーターによって強化された GFP (eGFP) の式を駆動するという幹細胞分化記者に基づいています。

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, causing roughly 14,000 deaths each year in the U.S. alone. Median ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to screen small molecule libraries for agents that promote astroglial differentiation in glioblastoma stem cells. This method can help answer key questions in the cancer stem cell field, such as what are the signaling pathways that are required for maintaining glioblastoma stem cells in the undifferentiated state. Proper execution of this technique allows for the straightforward identification of small molecules that promote glioblastoma stem cell differentiation.The implication of this technique extend toward therapy for Ehlers-Danlos glioblastoma because reducing the percentage of glioblastoma stem cells may decrease the likelihood of recurrence. This method can also be applied to setting differentiation into other cell lineages using other reporter constructs. Our report is the first to establish a high throughput approach to screen for agents that force glioma stem cells to differentiate.Working with lentivirus particles in cancer cells derived from patients can be extremely hazardous. Therefore standard procedure for working with bloodborne pathogens should always be followed. To begin, seed one million glioblastoma stem cells or GSCs in two milliliters of complete neural stem cell growth medium in a six-well plate.Next, transduce the cells with the lentivirus reporter at a multiplicity of infection equal to five. To the cell and virus mixture, add two microliters of polybrene such that the final concentration is eight micrograms per milliliter, and incubate the cells at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%CO2 overnight. After incubation, replace the growth medium to remove unbound virus.And centrifuge cells at 360 times G for five minutes. Then carefully aspirate medium and plate cells back in a six-well plate. And continue to incubate the cells for 24 hours.Harvest 0.5 milliliters of the total culture volume. Pellet cells by centrifugation at 360 times G for five minutes at room temperature. Resuspend cells in 0.5 milliliters fresh neural stem cell growth medium.Place the plate back in the incubator to allow for expansion for at least 72 hours. Add 200 microliters of dissociation reagent and incubate for five minutes in a water bath set to 37 degrees Celsius. Dissociate cells by pippetting up and down gently.To the dissociated cells add 800 microliters of HBSS to ensure minimal cell attachment or aggregation. Next, transfer 200 microliters of each cell suspension into wells of a 96-multiwell plate. Determine the percentage of cells expressing the green fluorescent protein by flow cytometry.Record at least 10, 000 viable cells in each acquisition. In all flow cytometric analysis use parental non-transduced cells or vector-transduced nonfluorescent cells to establish baseline fluorescence. To select and expand individual subclones seed cells at a density of 0.7 cells per well in 100 microliters of neural stem cell medium in a 96-well plate.Maintain these clones in culture for 11 days. Look out for neurospheres with a diameter greater than 100 microns. We have previously established this cutoff size to retrospectively determine if the neuorsphere was originated by a self-renewing glioblastoma stem cell.This cutoff size may need optimization when working with different glioblastoma cell models. Observe the cells under a fluorescence microscope equipped with a FITC filter and mark wells that contain a single neurosphere in which approximately one 1%to 5%of the cells are GFP-positive. After marking, expand individual clones until a sufficient number of cells is available for flow cytometry analysis.Assuming the reporter clones contain 1%to 5%of GFP-positive cells, harvest 0.5 milliliters from each clone along with an equal quantity of non-transduced control cells to determine the exact percentage of GFP-positive cells. After pelleting cells at 360 times G for five minutes at room temperature, aspirate the supernatant. Add 200 microliters of dissociation reagent to each pellet and incubate the tubes in a water bath set to 37 degrees Celsius.After incubation, triturate the cells about 20 to 30 times to achieve a single cell suspension. Then add 800 microliters of HBSS to ensure minimal cell attachment or aggregation. Now transfer 200 microliters of each cell suspension into wells of a 96-multiwell plate.Finally, perform flow cytometry, recording at least 10, 000 viable cells in each acquisition. To assess the clonogenic capacity prepare single cell suspensions of differentiation reporter subclones by triturating the cells about 20 to 30 times. Then plate these cells in 100 microliters of complete neural stem cell growth medium at a density of about five to 500 cells per well in 96-multiwell plates.Maintain these cells in culture for nine to 11 days. Look for neurospheres under a light microscope. A well containing at least one single large neurosphere is considered positive.Considering parental non-transduced cells and GFP-positive lentivirus-transduced cells as controls input the total wells analyzed and the number of positive cells on the ELDA online interface. To begin screening, plate 5000 cells in 99 microliters of complete neural stem cell growth medium in a 96-well plate. Then with a 12-channel pipettor treat cells with two micromolar final concentration of diluted library compounds or with the DMSO control.Incubate the cells for 72 hours. Now add 150 microliters of cell dissociation reagent using a 12-channel pipettor in each well and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes. Then gently triturate the cells in each well about 20 to 30 times using a 12-channel pipettor until a single cell suspension is achieved.Now perform flow cytometry and determine the percentage of cells expressing the GFAP:GFP reporter. First determine the cell size and viability from the forward and side scatters and gate the viable cell population. Then determine the GFP-positive cells within the viable cell population.An increase of percentage of GFP-positive cells by three standard deviations over controls is considered to be a positive hit which may be adjusted to accommodate user preference of stringency. Representative images of HSR-GBM1 GSC subclones expressing low and high levels of GFAP:GFP are shown. The subclones positive for GFAP:GFP expression were selected by flow cytometry for the patient-derived neurosphere line.Here, low GFAP:GFP indicates that less than 5%of the cells in the clone are GFP-positive, while high GFAP:GFP indicates that greater than 75%of the cells in the clone are GFP-positive. These results show that in vitro self-renewal capacity of GFAP-low subclones is higher than their GFAP-high counterparts as determined by ELDA. Therefore GH subclones are more differentiated than GL subclones.Finally, drug libraries were screened to identify agents capable to induce astroglial differentiation in GSCs. 12 drugs were found to significantly increase the percentage of cells expressing the GFAP:GFP reporter. Once mastered, this technique can be done in a few weeks if it is performed properly.Following this procedure other methods like alamarBlue assay, clonogenic assay in semisolid media, flank or intracranial xenograph injection can be performed in order to answer additional questions like the effect of selective drugs on cellular proliferation and clonogenicity in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to identify compounds capable of inducing astroglial differentiation in glioblastoma stem cells.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

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住セルイメージ投射アッセイ研究神経膠腫脳腫瘍幹細胞の遊走と浸潤に

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がん研究

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アポトーシス反転後新しく形成された乳癌幹細胞様細胞の流れフローサイトメトリー法による検出

Cancer recurrence has long been studied by oncologists while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, we and others found that a phenomenon ...

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がん幹細胞を標的とする抗腫瘍性薬物スクリーニングのための生理学的患者由来3Dスフェロイド

In this protocol, we outline the procedure for generation of tumor spheroids within 384-well hanging droplets to allow for high-throughput screening of ...

Differentiation of Mouse Breast Epithelial HC11 and EpH4 Cells

マウス乳房上皮HC11細胞とEpH4細胞の分化

Cadherins play an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation as well as neoplasia. Here we describe the origins and methods of the induction ...

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アレイ化されたライブラリの中スループットスクリーニングとデュアルルシファーゼベースレポーターを用いた転写因子レギュレータの同定

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ゼブラフィッシュにおける原発性腫瘍異種移植片の薬物スクリーニング

Patient derived xenograft models are critical in defining how different cancers respond to drug treatment in an in vivo system. Mouse models are the ...

Co-culture of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells on Patterned Neurons to Study Migration and Cellular Interactions

パターン化ニューロン上の神経膠芽腫幹細胞の共培養による移動と細胞相互作用の研究

Glioblastomas (GBMs), grade IV malignant gliomas, are one of the deadliest types of human cancer because of their aggressive characteristics. Despite ...

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells

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インビボ 脾臓T細胞のフローサイトメトリーによる腫瘍由来細胞外小胞の免疫原性スクリーニング

Immunogenic cell death of tumors, caused by chemotherapy or irradiation, can trigger tumor-specific T cell responses by releasing danger-associated ...

Pooled shRNA Library Screening to Identify Factors that Modulate a Drug Resistance Phenotype

薬物耐性表現型を調節する因子を同定するためのプールされたshRNAライブラリースクリーニング

Understanding clinically relevant driver mechanisms of acquired chemo-resistance is crucial for elucidating ways to circumvent resistance and improve ...

Simultaneous Imaging and Flow-Cytometry-based Detection of Multiple Fluorescent Senescence Markers in Therapy-Induced Senescent Cancer Cells

治療誘発性老化癌細胞における複数の蛍光老化マーカーの同時イメージングおよびフローサイトメトリーベースの検出

Chemotherapeutic drugs can induce irreparable DNA damage in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis or premature senescence. Unlike apoptotic cell death, ...

流れの Cytometry ベースの医薬品スクリーニング システム神経膠芽腫幹細胞の細胞分化を促進する小さい分子の同定に関する研究

流れの Cytometry ベースの医薬品スクリーニングシステム神経膠芽腫幹細胞の細胞分化を促進する小さい分子の同定に関する研究