Name: multi-photon time lapse imaging to visualize development in real-time: visualization of migrating neural crest cells in zebrafish embryos
Uploaded: 2017-08-09T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

Os autores graças a Thomas Schilling para gentilmente gifting o peixe Tg (sox10:eGFP) e Mary Halloran para gentilmente gifting peixe Tg(foxd3:GFP) .

The protocol described here was performed in accordance with the guidelines for the humane treatment of laboratory animals established by the University of Michigan Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA).
1. Embryo Collection for Time-lapse Imaging
<ol>
	<li>Between 3 and 9 pm, set up male and female adult Tg(sox10:EGFP) or Tg(foxd3:GFP) transgenic zebrafish in a divided breeding tank for pairwise mating. 
	NOTE: The Tg(sox10:EGFP) and Tg(foxd3:G...

<ol>
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Fetal PPS phenotypes, expanded by Dandy Walker cyst and encephalocele.</a> Prenat Diagn. 33 (1), 75-80 (2013).</li><li>Aliferis, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+nonsense+B3GALTL+mutation+confirms+Peters+plus+syndrome+in+a+patient+with+multiple+malformations+and+Peters+anomaly.">A novel nonsense B3GALTL mutation confirms Peters plus syndrome in a patient with multiple malformations and Peters anomaly.</a> Ophthalmic Genet. 31 (4), 205-208 (2010).</li><li>Lesnik Oberstein, ., S, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peters+Plus+syndrome+is+caused+by+mutations+in+B3GALTL,+a+putative+glycosyltransferase.">Peters Plus syndrome is caused by mutations in B3GALTL, a putative glycosyltransferase.</a> Am J Hum Genet. 79 (3), 562-566 (2006).</li><li>Brittijn, S. 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Fóton multi imagem de lapso de tempo permite o rastreamento em vivo de populações de células migratórias e transitória. Esta técnica poderosa pode ser usada para estudar processos embrionários em tempo real, e no presente estudo, os resultados deste método aprimorado o conhecimento atual da migração de células da crista neural e do desenvolvimento. Estudos de imagiologia lapso de tempo anteriores normalmente utilizam laser confocal, microscopia eletrônica de varredura. 29 <su...

Doenças congênitas do olho podem causar cegueira de infância e são muitas vezes devido a anomalias da crista neural cranial. Células da crista neural são transitórias células-tronco que surgem a partir do tubo neural e formam numerosos tecidos por todo o corpo. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 as células da crista Neural, derivadas do prosencéfalo e o mesencéfalo, originar o osso e cartilagem da há regiões frontais e a íris, córnea, malha trabecular e esclera no segmento anterior do olho. 4 , 6 , 7 , Células da crista Neural 8 do rombencéfalo forma que arcos da faringe, mandíbula e trato de saída cardíaca. 1 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 estudos evidenciaram as contribuições da crista neural para ocular e periocular desenvolvimento, enfatizando a importância destas células no desenvolvimento do olho de vertebrados. Com efeito, migração de células da crista neural e diferenciação levar à anomalias craniofaciais e oculares como observado na síndrome de Axenfeld-Rieger e síndrome de Plus de Peters. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 assim, uma compreensão abrangente da migração, proliferação e diferenciação dessas células da crista neural irá fornecer insights sobre as complexidades subjacentes doenças oculares congênitas.
O peixe-zebra é um organismo modelo poderoso para estudar o desenvolvimento ocular, como as estruturas do olho zebrafish são semelhantes aos seus homólogos dos mamíferos, e muitos genes são conservados evolutivamente entre zebrafish e mamíferos. 18 , 19 , 20 além disso, zebrafish embriões são transparentes e ovíparos, facilitando a visualização do desenvolvimento do olho em tempo real.
Expansão no trabalho anteriormente publicado,6,7,20 o padrão migratório de células da crista neural foi descrita usando multi fóton fluorescência de lapso de tempo de imagem em linhas de zebrafish transgênicos rotuladas com proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) sob o controle transcricional do SRY (região sexo-determinando Y)-caixa 10 (sox10) ou D3 Forkhead Box regiões reguladoras do gene (foxd3). 21 , 22 , 23 , 24. lapso de tempo imagem multi fóton fluorescência é uma técnica poderosa que combina as avançadas técnicas de ópticas do laser, microscopia com longo comprimento de onda multi fóton fluorescência de excitação para capturar imagens de alta resolução, tridimensionais de espécimes marcados com fluorophores. 25 , 26 , 27 o uso do fóton multi laser tem vantagens distintas sobre microscopia confocal padrão, incluindo o tecido maior penetração e diminuição da fluoróforo branqueamento.
Usando este método, duas populações distintas de células da crista neural variando em tempo de migração e os caminhos migratórios foram discriminadas, ou seja positiva foxd3 crista neural células do mesênquima periocular e olho em desenvolvimento e crista neural de positivo sox10 células da mesênquima craniofacial. Com este método, é introduzida uma abordagem para visualizar a migração de migração ocular e craniofaciais crista neural no zebrafish, tornando-se fácil observar regulamentado crista neural migração em tempo real durante o desenvolvimento.
Este protocolo fornece informações para gerar vídeos de lapso de tempo durante o desenvolvimento precoce de olho no Tg (sox10:EGFP) e Tg (foxd3:GFP) zebrafish transgênico, por exemplo. Este protocolo pode ser mais aplicado para a visualização de alta resolução, tridimensional, em tempo real do desenvolvimento precoce de qualquer estrutura ocular e craniofacial, derivada de células da crista neural no zebrafish. Além disso, este método ainda pode ser aplicado para a visualização do desenvolvimento de outros tecidos e órgãos no zebrafish e outros modelos animais.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="919">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Breeding Tanks with Dividers</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Aquaneering</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">ZHCT100</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Crossing Tank Set (1.0-liter) Clear Polycarbonate with Lid and Insert</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">M205 FA Combi-Scope</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:104px;"></td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Stereofluorescence Microscope - FusionOptics and TripleBeam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Millipore (EMD)</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">7760-5KG</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Double PE sack. CAS No. 7647-14-5, EC Number 231-598-3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Millipore (EMD)</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">1049380500</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Potassium chloride 99.999 Suprapur. CAS No. 7447-40-7, EC Number 231-211-8.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Calcium Chloride Dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">C79-500</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Poly bottle; 500 g. CAS No. 10035-04-8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Magnesium Sulfate (Anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Millipore (EMD)</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">MX0075-1</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Poly bottle; 500 g. CAS No. 7487-88-9, EC Number 231-298-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Methylene Blue</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Millipore (EMD)</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">284-12</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Glass bottle; 25 g. Powder, Certified Biological Stain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Sodium Bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Millipore (EMD)</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">SX0320-1</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Poly bottle; 500 g. Powder, GR ACS. CAS No. 144-55-8, EC Number 205-633-8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">N-Phenylthiourea</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">P7629-25G</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">&#62;98%. CAS Number 103-85-5, EC Number 203-151-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Dimethylsulfoxide</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">D8418-500ML</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Molecular Biology grade. CAS Number 67-68-5, EC Number 200-664-3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Tricaine Methanesulfonate</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Western Chemical Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">MS222</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Tricaine-S</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Low-Melt Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">ISC Bioexpress</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">E-3112-25</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">GeneMate Sieve GQA Low Melt Agarose, 25 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Open Bath Chamber</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">RC-40HP</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">High Profile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Glass Coverslips</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">12-545-102</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">Circle cover glass. 25 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">High Vacuum Grease</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">14-635-5C</td>
			<td style="width:391px;">2.0-lb. tube. DOW CORNING CORPORATION 
			1658832</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Quick Exchange Platform</td>
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multi-photon time lapse imaging to visualize development in real-time: visualization of migrating neural crest cells in zebrafish embryos

Olho congênito e anomalias craniofaciais refletem as interrupções na crista neural, uma população transiente de migratórias células-tronco que dão origem a numerosos tipos de células por todo o corpo. Noções básicas sobre a biologia da crista neural tem sido limitada, refletindo a falta de modelos tractable geneticamente que podem ser estudados em vivo e em tempo real. Zebrafish é um modelo de desenvolvimento particularmente importante para o estudo de populações de células migratórias, tais como a crista neural. Para examinar a migração da crista neural no olho em desenvolvimento, uma combinação das técnicas de microscopia com comprimento de onda longo multi fóton fluorescência de excitação de laser ópticas foi implementada para capturar vídeos de alta resolução, tridimensionais, em tempo real do olho em desenvolvimento em embriões de zebrafish transgênicos, ou seja, Tg (sox10:EGFP) e Tg (foxd3:GFP), como sox10 e foxd3 tem sido demonstrados em vários modelos animais para regular a diferenciação de crista neural precoce e provavelmente representam marcadores para as células da crista neural. Fóton multi imagem de lapso de tempo foi usada para discernir o comportamento e os padrões migratórios de duas populações de células da crista neural contribuindo para o desenvolvimento inicial do olho. Este protocolo fornece informações para gerar vídeos de lapso de tempo durante a migração da crista neural zebrafish, como exemplo e pode ser aplicado mais para visualizar o desenvolvimento precoce de muitas estruturas no zebrafish e outros organismos-modelo.

Imagem de Time-Lapse multi fóton fluorescência gerou uma série de vídeos que revelaram os padrões de migração das células craniana crista neural que dão origem às estruturas craniofaciais e segmento anterior do olho no Tg (sox10:EGFP) e Tg (foxd3:GFP) linhas de zebrafish. Por exemplo, sox10células positivas crista neural entre 12 e 30 hpf migram da borda do tubo neural na região craniofacial (Video 1, Figura 2</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Fóton multi tempo lapso imagem para visualizar o desenvolvimento em tempo real: visualização de migrar as células da crista Neural em embriões de peixe-zebra

Uma combinação das técnicas de microscopia com longo comprimento de onda multi fóton fluorescência de excitação de laser ópticas foi implementada para capturar imagens de alta resolução, tridimensional, em tempo real de migração da crista neural em Tg (sox10:EGFP) e Tg (foxd3:GFP) zebrafish embriões.

Congenital eye and craniofacial anomalies reflect disruptions in the neural crest, a transient population of migratory stem cells that give rise to ...

The overall goal of multi-photon time lapse imaging is to capture a high-resolution three dimensional real time images of migratory cell populations. This method can help answer key questions in developmental biology, such as mapping migration pathways of different cell populations. The main advantage of this technique over traditional confocal microscopy is that multi-photon lasers have deeper tissue penetration and decreased phototoxicity.This increases the usability in thicker tissues and allows for longer periods of image acquisition. To set up for embryo collection between 3:00 and 9:00 p.m. assemble breeding tanks and fill them with reverse osmosis, or RO water.Transfer up to three females and three males into opposing sides of the divided tank. The next morning, remove the divider shortly after the lights turn on in the vivarium. Allow undisturbed mating for 20 minutes or until sufficient numbers of embryos are produced.The embryos will be at the bottom of the breeding tank. When eggs are observed, lift the slotted inner tank out along with the fish, and quickly place them into a clean, solid outer tank filled with RO water. Use an egg collecting screen to collect eggs from the outer tank and transfer the eggs to Petri dishes containing 30 milliliters of 1X embryo medium.Incubate the collected eggs at 28.5 degrees Celsius. For transgenic embryos, at 24 hours post-fertilization or HPF, remove the dead eggs and assess the developmental stage of the embryos. Using forceps, remove the chorions from three to four embryos that express GFP.Under a dissecting fluorescence stereo microscope with a standard 460 to 490 nanometer band pass excitation filter, screen for GFP positive embryos. Transfer these embryos to a separate Petri dish containing 30 milliliters of fresh 1X embryo medium. After 20 HPF, place the screened and dechorionated GFP positive embryos in 0.003%PTU solution to inhibit pigmentation.Avoid initiating treatment earlier as it can have adverse effects on neural crest and neuroepithelial development. Add 0.4 grams of LowMelt Agarose powder to 20mL of 1x embryo medium. Heat the mixture for one to two minutes or until the solution is clear and all particles are dissolved.Aliquot approximately 1mL of the Agarose solution into fresh 1.5mL centrifuge tubes for storage. To set up the open bath chamber, place a small amount of high vacuum grease on the base of the open bath chamber. Place a circular glass cover slip onto the base and screw the top of the open bath chamber onto the base until it is tight.Pipette approximately 500-700 microliters of 2%Agarose solution into the open bath chamber until the base is approximately 3/4s filled. Wait 30 seconds to allow the Agarose to cool slightly without completely polymerizing and subsequently transfer a single embryo to the center of the base. Under a fluorescent stereo microscope, use a 10 microliter micro pipette tip to orient the embryo and position it near the bottom of the Agarose so that it doesn't float away when the embryo medium is added.A critical step is to make sure that the embryo is positioned correctly in the Agarose. In these experiments, we orient the embryo laterally but the embryo can also be positioned to focus on dorsal and ventral areas. Monitor and reposition the embryo until the Agarose has set.Then use a transfer pipette to entirely fill the assembled open chamber with time-lapse embryo medium. After placing the entire set up onto the stage of the microscope, according to the text protocol, use the five times objective to locate the embryo. Then manually raise the stage to the highest position and use the fine focus to position the embryo in the middle of the microscope range.Manually lower the stage and change the five time objective to the 25 time water immersion objective. Carefully raise the stage to bring the embryo back into focus. In the software, click on the XYTZ mode for obtaining multiple images at time or T intervals in the XY plane over a depth of Z.Use the epifluorescence or bright field view to find the depth of focus in the area of interest which will demarcate the z-stack.For these experiments, the lateral edge of the eye is the beginning of the z-stack. When focused here, in the software click the begin button. After focusing down to the mid-line of the embryo, which is the end of the z-stack, click the end button.A critical step is to make sure that the Z step encompasses the area of interest. In our case, we want to capture the width of the eye from the lateral to the medial edges. Click on the menu for adjusting the acquisition time and the imaging frequency.For adequate recovery of the fluor4 and survival of the embryo, allow for a ratio of at least one to three between z-stack acquisition when laser power is on and recovery time when laser power is off. With appropriate time for embryo recovery, set the time between z-stacks in the designated window. Then set the total length of time for the experiment in the appropriate window.Now, turn on the live image setting to make final adjustments to the laser settings. Adjust laser transmission, gain and offset slider bars within the software to optimize the fluorescence image. Also, adjust the orientation of the embryo as needed depending on the length of the experiment, anticipated growth of the embryo, et cetera.Make sure that the area of interest remains within the frame through the duration of the experiment. During time-lapse acquisition, turn off the epifluorescence light source, cover the stage with the laser safety box which is adequate for protection against background light, then press start. Access the open bath chamber through the sliding doors on the laser safety box to refill it with time lapse embryo medium every 8-12 hours.Following imaging acquisition, open the files in the image processing software, highlight the correct image series. In the software, choose the process menu, click on 3D deconvolution and apply to deconvolve each z-stack. Import individual tif files into video processing software, then select all tif files and drag them into the video editor.Adjust the length of each image within the video to 0.1 seconds. Finally, export the video as a mov or mp4 file. Seen here by multi-photon fluorescence imaging are the migration patterns of cranial neural crest cells that give rise to the cranial facial structures and anterior segment of the eye in transgenic sox10:EGFP and foxd3:GFP zebrafish lines.Sox 10 positive neural crest cells between 12 and 30 hpf migrate from the edge of the neural tube into the cranial facial region. The cells from the prosencephalon and mesencephalon migrate dorsally and ventrally to the developing eye to populate the periocular mesencine. As indicated here, the sox10 positive cells form the frontal nasal process.Neural crest cells from the rhombencephalon migrate ventrally and give rise to the pharyngeal arches. Time lapse imaging of foxd3 positive neural crest cells between 30 and 60 hpf show that these cells migrated between the optic cup and surface ectoderm and though the ocular fissure marked by the arrow and coalesced around the lens marked by the asterisk forming the iris stroma. Once mastered, this technique from start to finish can be done in four days if it is performed properly.When attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to choose embryos with a high amount of fluorescence. Setting up the software initially can be challenging but once the parameters are determined, additional changes are typically minimal. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to use multi-photon time-lapse microscopy to image migrating cells in the embryo.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Analyzing In Vivo Cell Migration using Cell Transplantations and Time-lapse Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos

Analyzing In Vivo Cell Migration using Cell Transplantations and Time-lapse Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos

analisando<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Migração celular usando transplantes de células e de imagem Time-lapse em embriões Zebrafish

Cell migration is key to many physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis. The cellular and molecular bases of cell migration ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Analysis of Zebrafish Kidney Development with Time-lapse Imaging Using a Dissecting Microscope Equipped for Optical Sectioning

Análise de Desenvolvimento de rim Zebrafish com imagem Time-lapse Usando um microscópio de dissecação Equipado para Seccionamento Optical

In order to understand organogenesis, the spatial and temporal alterations that occur during development of tissues need to be recorded. The method ...

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Medição e visualização em tempo real de Reprogramação Somatic

Somatic reprogramming has enabled the conversion of adult cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from diverse genetic backgrounds and disease ...

Induction of Hypoxia in Living Frog and Zebrafish Embryos

Indução de hipóxia em sapos vivos e embriões de peixe-zebra

Here, we introduce a novel system for hypoxia induction, which we developed to study the effects of hypoxia in aquatic organisms such as frog and ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in Developing Zebrafish Embryos

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells HSPCs in Developing Zebrafish Embryos

Desenvolvimento de um ensaio In Vitro para dosar o Progenitor e Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSPCs) no desenvolvimento de embriões de peixe-zebra

Hematopoiesis is an essential cellular process in which hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) differentiate into the multitude of different cell ...

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Citometria de fluxo de viver-pilha em tempo real para investigar o influxo de cálcio, formação de poros e fagocitose pelos receptores P2X7 em células progenitoras neurais adulto

Live-cell flow cytometry is increasingly used among cell biologists to quantify biological processes in a living cell culture. This protocol describes a ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

Um método de montagem em camadas para a microscopia confocal de lapso de tempo prolongado de embriões zebrafish inteiros

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...

Visualizing the Developing Brain in Living Zebrafish using Brainbow and Time-lapse Confocal Imaging

Visualizando o cérebro em desenvolvimento em zebrafish vivo usando Brainbow e Imagem Confocal de lapso de tempo

Development of the vertebrate nervous system requires a precise coordination of complex cellular behaviors and interactions. The use of high resolution in ...

Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of Neural Crest Original Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Periaortic Adipose Tissue

Isolamento, cultura e indução adipogênica de células-tronco originais de adipose da crista neural do tecido adipogênico periaorótico

An excessive amount of adipose tissue surrounding the blood vessels (perivascular adipose tissue, also known as PVAT) is associated with a high risk of ...