Name: liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy for tracking self-assembly of nanoparticles
Uploaded: 2017-10-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

우리는 유용한 토론에 대 한 캘리포니아 대학교 교수 A. 폴 Alivisatos, 버클리와 서울 대학교에서 교수 Taeghwan 현 감사합니다. 이 작품은 IBS-R006-d 1에 의해 지원 되었다. W.C.L.에는 한 양 대학교 (HY-2015-N)의 연구 기금에서 지원을 기꺼이 인정 한다.

1. 나노 입자 합성 <ol><li>백 금 나노 입자의 합성 <ol><li>암모늄 hexachloroplatinate(IV)의 결합 17.75 mg ((NH 4) 2 Pt (IV) Cl 6), 3.72 mg의 암모늄 tetrachloroplatinate(II) ((NH 4) 2 Pt (II) Cl 4), 에틸 평범한 사람, poly(vinylpyrrolidone)의 109 mg의 115.5 mg (MW: 29, 000), 그리고 에틸렌 글리콜의 볶음 바 100ml 3 목 둥근 바닥 플라스 크에 10 mL 고무 심장 장착.</li>
		<li>환류 ?...

<ol>
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백 금 나노 입자 크기의 7 nm 암모늄 hexachloroplatinate (IV) 및 용 매와 원제27 ligand와 에틸렌 글리콜 폴 리 (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)를 사용 하 여 암모늄 tetrachloroplatinate (II)의 감소를 통해 합성 했다 . Oleylamine와 리간드-교환 반응에 소수 성 용 매 입자를 분산 위해 수행 되었습니다. 리드 셀 렌 나노 셀레늄 소스28 (29 칼코게나이드 나노의 자세한 합성에 대...

자기 조립 나노 콜 로이드 입자의은 관심의 개별 나노 입자11의 집단 물리적 속성에 액세스할 수 있는 기회를 제공 하기 때문에. 휘발성 용 매6,,78, 의 증발을 통해 기판에 나노 입자의 자기 조직화는 자기 조립 실용적인 장치-스케일 응용 프로그램에서 사용의 가장 효과적인 방법 중 하나 9 , 10 , 11.이 용 매 증발 메서드는 증발 속도 및 나노-기판 상호 작용의 변화 같은 운동 요인에 의해 크게 좌우 하는 nonequilibrium 과정. 그러나, 그것은 예측 하 고 키네틱 요소를 제어 하기 어려운, 이후 용 매 증발에 의해 자기 조립 나노 기계적 이해 완전히 성숙 하지 않습니다. 앙상블 평균 정보를 제공 하는 x 선 산란 연구 현장에 는 nonequilibrium의 나노 자기 조립을12,,1314처리,이 기술은 수 없습니다. 개별 나노 입자의 움직임을 확인 하 고 전반적인 궤도 함께 그들의 협회 쉽게 액세스할 수 없습니다.
액체-셀 편은 개별 나노 입자의 궤적을 추적 하기 위한 새로운 도구 나노 움직임의 이질성과 앙상블 동작15,16에 그들의 기여를 이해 하는 데 사용 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,,2425, 26. 우리가 이전 액체 셀 편 용 경계의 움직임 유도 기판18 에 자기 조립 나노에 대 한 주요 원동력 임을 보여주는 용 매 증발 하는 동안 개별 나노 입자의 움직임을 추적 하기 위해 사용 , 19. 여기, 우리가 어디 우리가 나노 액체-세포 가장을 사용 하 여 자기 조립의 과정을 관찰할 수 있는 실험 소개. 첫째, 우리는 백의 합성에 대 한 프로토콜을 제공 하 고 셀 렌 나노 입자, 액체-액체-세포에 나노 입자를 로드 하는 방법에 대 한 가장 셀의 제조 절차를 도입 하기 전에 리드. 대표적인 결과로 우리는 나노 자기 조립 용 매 건조에 의해 구동의 가장 영화에서 스냅숏 이미지를 보여줍니다. 이 영화에서 개별 입자를 추적, 우리 자기 조립 단일 나노 수준에서 용 매 건조 중재의 상세한 메커니즘을 이해할 수 있다. 동안 자기 조립, 실리콘 질 화물 창에 백 금 나노 입자 주로 따라 증발 용 매 앞의 운동 용 박막에 강한 모 세관 힘 때문에. 비슷한 현상 또한 다른 나노 입자 (셀 렌 리드)과 기질 (실리콘), 용 매 앞의 모 세관 힘 입자 마이그레이션 기판 근처에 중요 한 요소가 나타내는 관찰 되었다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ammonium hexachloroplatinate (IV)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>204021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ammonium tetrachloroplatinate (II)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>206105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tetramethylammonium bromide, 98%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>195758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>poly(vinylpyrrolidone) powder</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>234257</td>
			<td>Mw ~29,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ethylene glycol, anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>324558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>n-hexane, anhydrous, 95%</td>
			<td>Samchun Chem.</td>
			<td>H0114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ethanol, anhydrous, 99.5%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>459836</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oleylamine, 70%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>O7805</td>
			<td>Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lead(II) acetate trihydrate, 99.99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>467863</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oleic acid, 90%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>364525</td>
			<td>Technical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>diphenyl ether, 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P24101</td>
			<td>ReagentPlus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>selenium powder, 99.99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>229865</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tri-n-octylphosphine, 97%</td>
			<td>Strem</td>
			<td>15-6655</td>
			<td>Air sensistive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluene, anhydrous, 99.9%</td>
			<td>Samchun Chem.</td>
			<td>T2419</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>acetone 99.8%</td>
			<td>Daejung Chem.</td>
			<td>1009-2304</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>potassium hydroxide, 95%</td>
			<td>Samchun Chem.</td>
			<td>P0925</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>p-type silicon-on-insulator wafers</td>
			<td>Soitec</td>
			<td>Power-SOI</td>
			<td>for liquid cells with silicon windows</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tetramethylammonium hydroxide, 25% in H2O</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>02-002-109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AZ 5214 E</td>
			<td>AZ Electronic Materials</td>
			<td>AZ 5214 E</td>
			<td>Positive photorest</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AZ-327</td>
			<td>AZ Electronic Materials</td>
			<td>AZ-327</td>
			<td>AZ 5214 develper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>indium pellets 99.98-99.99%</td>
			<td>Kurt J. Lesker Company</td>
			<td>EVMIN40EXEB</td>
			<td>thermal evaporator target</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,2-dichlorobenzene, &#62;99%</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td>D1116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pentadecane, &#62;99%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3406</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>buffered oxide etch 7:1</td>
			<td>microchemicals</td>
			<td>BOE 7-1 VLSI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phosphoric acid, 85%</td>
			<td>Samchun Chem.</td>
			<td>P0449</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy for tracking self-assembly of nanoparticles

나노 분산 건조, 나노 입자의 자기 조립된 구조를 만들 수 있는 다양 한 방법 이지만이 과정의 메커니즘을 완전히 이해 되지 않습니다. 우리 액체 셀 전송 전자 현미경 (TEM)을 사용 하 여 어셈블리 프로세스의 메커니즘을 조사 하는 개별 나노 입자의 궤적을 추적 했습니다. 여기, 우리 존재의 액체-셀 편 연구에 대 한 사용 되는 프로토콜은 자기 조립 메커니즘. 첫째, 우리는 균일 하 게 크기의 백 금 생산 셀 렌 나노 입자를 리드 하는 데 사용 하는 자세한 합성 프로토콜을 소개 합니다. 다음, 우리는 실리콘 질 화물 또는 실리콘 윈도우 액체 셀을 생산 하 고 다음 로드 및 이미징 액체 셀 편 기술의 절차를 설명 하는 데 사용 하는 제작 프로세스를 제시. 몇 가지 메모 깨지기 쉬운 셀 창을 관리 하는 방법을 포함 하는 전체 프로세스에 대 한 유용한 정보를 제공 포함 되어 있습니다. 액체-셀 편으로 추적 하는 나노 입자의 개별 움직임 증발으로 인 한 부실 경계에 변화 영향 나노 입자의 자기 조립 과정을 공개 했다. 솔벤트 경계 주로 양식 비정 질 집계, 2 차원 (2D) 자기 조립된 구조를 생성 하는 집계의 병합 뒤 나노 입자 운전. 이러한 행동은 또한 다른 나노 입자 종류 및 다른 액체 셀 구성이 관찰 됩니다.

액체-셀 최고 칩 및 하단 칩 25의 두께 가진 전자 빔에 투명 실리콘 질 화물 창을 갖추고로 구성 된다 nm. 최고의 칩은 샘플 솔루션 및 증발된 용 매를 저장 하기 위한 저수지. 칩25를 처리 하는 기존의 제작을 통해 만들어집니다. 그림 1a 에서 위쪽 및 아래쪽 칩에 사용 하는 마스크 표시 됩니다 및 1b, 각각. <stro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

나노 입자의 자기 조립 추적에 대 한 액체 셀 전송 전자 현미경 검사 법

자기 집합 프로세스의 실시간 관측 실험 프로토콜 소개 액체 셀 전송 전자 현미경 검사 법을 사용 하 여.

Drying a nanoparticle dispersion is a versatile way to create self-assembled structures of nanoparticles, but the mechanism of this process is not fully ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to use liquid-cell transmission electron microscropy to investigate the motion of nanoparticles in the solution phase in real time. This method can help answer key questions in the field of nanoscience, for example, about how nanoparticles form self-assembled structures during solvent drying. The main advantage of this technique is that it makes checking nanoparticle motion in real space and real time possible.The implications of this liquid cell technique is tends towards tracking individual motions of nanoparticles that are not shown by conventional methods. Though this method can provide insight into self-assembly of nanoparticles it can be also applied into other models such as oriented attachment of nanoparticles. To begin the procedure, place in a 100 milliliter three neck round bottom flask 17.75 milligrams of ammonium hexacholoroplatinate, 3.72 milligrams of ammonium tetrachloroplatinate and 115.5 milligrams of tetramethylammonium bromide.Add to the flask 109 milligrams of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 10 milliliters of anhydrous ethylene glycol. Equip the flask with a stir bar, a rubber septum and a reflux condenser. Start the stir motor and while stirring at 1000 rpm, degas the reaction flask under vacuum for one hour.Then, under a flow of argon, heat the reaction mixture to 180 degrees Celsius at 10 degrees per minute. Stir the mixture at 180 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes then allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. Transfer the cooled mixture to a 50 milliliter centrifuge tube.Add to the tube 30 milliliters of acetone to precipitate the platinum nanoparticles. Centrifuge the mixture at 2400 times G for 10 minutes. Discard the supernatant and disperse the precipitate in 10 milliliters of ethanol.Obtain a four inch 100 micron silicon wafer coated with about 25 nanometers of silicon nitride. Load photo resist using a spin coater. Then use photo resist to mount the ultra thin wafer on a 500 micron thick silicon wafer.Spin coat the wafer with 10 milliliters of positive photo resist at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. Bake the wafer at 85 degrees Celsius for 60 seconds. Then cover the wafer with a chromium mask and expose the wafer to 365 nanometer light for 10 seconds.Immerse the wafer in 50 milliliters of the appropriate developer solution for 40 seconds and then in 50 milliliters of deionized water for one minute. Immerse the wafer in 50 milliliters of deionized water for one minute, then place the patterned wafer in a reactive ion etcher. Etch the exposed silicon nitride for one minute.Use a water bath to evenly heat a container of a 30 milligram per liter aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide to 85 degrees Celsius. Soak the ultra thin wafer in the hot potassium hydroxide for two hours to etch the exposed silicon. When the exposed silicon appears to have been completely etched away, carefully remove the wafer from the solution at an angle to avoid rupturing the silicon nitride window.Repeat this process with the second chromium mask to obtain the top and bottom chips. Use the third chromium mask to pattern indium spacers onto the bottom chip. Align the top and bottom chips and bond the chips together at 100 degrees Celsius.Transfer 20 microliters of the prepared nanoparticle dispersion to a five milliliter vial. Allow the solvent to evaporate under ambient conditions for 10 minutes. Inspect the liquid cell under an optical microscope to verify that the silicon nitride windows are intact.Then disperse the nanoparticles in a mixture of one milliliter of orthodichlorobenzene, 250 microliters of pentadecane and 10 microliters of oleylamine. With the liquid cell under the optical microscope use an injector with an ultra thin capillary to load 100 nanoliters of the dispersion into the liquid cell reservoirs. Use filter paper to absorb the excess dispersion outside the reservoirs.Allow the cell to sit in ambient air for 10 minutes to evaporate the orthodichlorobenzene. Then apply vacuum grease to one side of a two millimeter copper aperture grid with a 600 micron hole. Carefully cover the liquid cell with the grid, being careful to align the aperture with the liquid cell window.Mount the cell in a standard TEM holder and load the cell into the instrument. Acquire images in continuous image acquisition mode as the solvent dries. Use image processing software to calculate the radial distribution function for the particles in each acquired image.TEM images of a platinum nanoparticle suspension drying in a silicon nitride liquid cell showed the nanoparticles being pulled inward by the receding solvent front. This behavior was attributed to the strong capillary forces of the thin layer of solvent and the reduced free energy of the nanoparticles at the solvent interface. The nanoparticles initially formed amorphous multilayer agglomerates as they were drawn together.As the solvent dried, the agglomerates flattened into an ordered monolayer. This ordering is reflected in the radial distribution functions derived from the TEM images. The radial distribution function of the image taken after 90 seconds had a large peak at 8.3 nanometers.The oleylamine capped platinum nanoparticles are about 8.3 nanometers in diameter, suggesting that a significant number of particles were assembled as closely as possible. Once mastered, this technique can be done in two days if it is performed properly. Generally individuals who are new to this method may struggle because fabricating and working with the liquid cell require different levels of optimization for different nanoparticles or liquid cell compositions.While attempting this procedure, remember to protect the windows of the liquid cell from breaking. Following this procedure, other methods like applying voltages to the liquid cell can be performed to answer additional questions about the self-assembly of nanoparticles in the presence of external forces. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of nanoscience to explore the assembly process of nanoparticles in the overall dry mechanism.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to prepare liquid cells and measure the motions of nanoparticles in TEM experiment. Don't forget that working with KUH agent can be extremely hazardous. Precautions such as wearing safety glasses should always be taken while performing this experiment.

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

종이 접기 고취 패턴 및 재구성 입자의 자기 조립

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two ...

연구

화학

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

짧은 펩타이드의 자기 조립에 의해 주문 생체 고분자 구조의 형성

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control ...

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

단일 가닥 DNA 타일에서 단지 두 차원 모양의 자기 조립 (self-assembly)

Current methods in DNA nano-architecture have successfully engineered a variety of 2D and 3D structures using principles of self-assembly. In this ...

Obtaining 3D Chemical Maps by Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography

전송 전자 현미경 검사 법 단층 필터링 에너지에 의해 3D 화학 지도 얻기

Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy tomography (EFTEM tomography) can provide three-dimensional (3D) chemical maps of materials at a ...

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

미네랄 hFOB 1.19에 의해 생산 및 Saos-2 세포를 사용 하 여 전송 전자 현미경 에너지 흩어진 엑스레이 Microanalysis와 분석

This video presents the use of transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDX) to compare the state of minerals in ...

Using Graphene Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study in Situ Nanocrystal Etching

Using Graphene Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study in Situ Nanocrystal Etching

Nanocrystal 에칭 제자리에서 공부를 그래 액체 셀 전송 전자 현미경 검사 법을 사용 하 여

Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy provides the ability to observe nanoscale chemical transformations and dynamics as the reactions are occurring in ...

Performing Spectroscopy on Plasmonic Nanoparticles with Transmission-Based Nomarski-Type Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

투과 형 Nomarski 타입 차동 간섭 콘트라스트 현미경을 사용 하 여 플라스 몬 Ic 나노 입자에 대 한 분광학 수행

Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a powerful imaging tool that is most commonly employed for imaging microscale objects using ...

Preparation of Graphene-Supported Microwell Liquid Cells for In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

Preparation of Graphene-Supported Microwell Liquid Cells for In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

소이투 투과 전자 현미경 을 위한 그래핀 지원 마이크로웰 액체 세포의 준비

The fabrication and preparation of graphene-supported microwell liquid cells (GSMLCs) for in situ electron microscopy is presented in a stepwise protocol. ...

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

생분해성 블록 공합체의 결정화 구동 자가 조립을 통해 단분산 원통형 나노 입자의 합성

The production of monodisperse cylindrical micelles is a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Most cylindrical constructs formed from diblock ...

Self-Assembly of Hybrid Lipid Membranes Doped with Hydrophobic Organic Molecules at the Water/Air Interface

물/공기 인터페이스에서 소수성 유기 분자와 함께 도핑 하이브리드 지질 막의 자체 조립

Because of their unique properties, including an ultrathin thickness (3-4 nm), ultrahigh resistivity, fluidity and self-assembly ability, lipid bilayers ...