Name: assessment of blood-brain barrier permeability by intravenous infusion of fitc-labeled albumin in a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease
Uploaded: 2017-11-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi apoiado pela "Fondazione coração" e financiado pelo Ministério da saúde "Ricerca Corrente" de V.M. italiano

todos os procedimentos em animais foram aprovados pela IRCCS coração Animal conta Review Board e por &#34; Istituto Superiore di Sanità &#34; (permitir número: 1163/2015-PR) e estavam em conformidade com as orientações da UE Directiva 2010 / 63/EU para experiências em animais.
 1. preparação da solução de FITC-albumina deve ser injetado na veia Jugular Nota: todas as experiências foram realizadas em ratos manifesto de HD R6/2 (11 - semanas de idade) e em...

<ol>
	<li>Obermeier, B., Verma, A., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+blood-brain+barrier.">The blood-brain barrier.</a> Handb Clin Neurol. 133, 39-59 (2016).</li><li>Serlin, Y., Shelef, I., Knyazer, B., Friedman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy+and+physiology+of+the+blood-brain+barrier.">Anatomy and physiology of the blood-brain barrier.</a> Semin Cell Dev Biol. 38, 2-6 (2015).</li><li>Moretti, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-brain+barrier+dysfunction+in+disorders+of+the+developing+brain.">Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in disorders of the developing brain.</a> Front Neurosci. 9, 40 (2015).</li><li>Zhao, Z., Nelson, A. R., Betsholtz, C., Zlokovic, B. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+and+Dysfunction+of+the+Blood-Brain+Barrier.">Establishment and Dysfunction of the Blood-Brain Barrier.</a> Cell. 163 (5), 1064-1078 (2015).</li><li>Drouin-Ouellet, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebrovascular+and+blood-brain+barrier+impairments+in+Huntington's+disease:+Potential+implications+for+its+pathophysiology.">Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology.</a> Ann Neurol. 78 (2), 160-177 (2015).</li><li>Di Pardo, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impairment+of+blood-brain+barrier+is+an+early+event+in+R6/2+mouse+model+of+Huntington+Disease.">Impairment of blood-brain barrier is an early event in R6/2 mouse model of Huntington Disease.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 41316 (2017).</li><li>Lecler, A., Fournier, L., Diard-Detoeuf, C., Balvay, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-Brain+Barrier+Leakage+in+Early+Alzheimer+Disease.">Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Early Alzheimer Disease.</a> Radiology. 282 (3), 923-925 (2017).</li><li>van de Haar, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-Brain+Barrier+Leakage+in+Patients+with+Early+Alzheimer+Disease.">Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage in Patients with Early Alzheimer Disease.</a> Radiology. 282 (2), 615 (2017).</li><li>Fernandez-Lopez, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-brain+barrier+permeability+is+increased+after+acute+adult+stroke+but+not+neonatal+stroke+in+the+rat.">Blood-brain barrier permeability is increased after acute adult stroke but not neonatal stroke in the rat.</a> J Neurosci. 32 (28), 9588-9600 (2012).</li><li>Yang, Y., Rosenberg, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-brain+barrier+breakdown+in+acute+and+chronic+cerebrovascular+disease.">Blood-brain barrier breakdown in acute and chronic cerebrovascular disease.</a> Stroke. 42 (11), 3323-3328 (2011).</li><li>Walantus, W., Castaneda, D., Elias, L., Kriegstein, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+utero+intraventricular+injection+and+electroporation+of+E15+mouse+embryos.">In utero intraventricular injection and electroporation of E15 mouse embryos.</a> J Vis Exp. (6), e239 (2007).</li><li>Szot, G. L., Koudria, P., Bluestone, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+pancreatic+islets+into+the+kidney+capsule+of+diabetic+mice.">Transplantation of pancreatic islets into the kidney capsule of diabetic mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (9), e404 (2007).</li><li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents.">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (65), (2012).</li><li>McCloy, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+inhibition+of+Cdk1+in+G+2+phase+overrides+the+SAC+and+decouples+mitotic+events.">Partial inhibition of Cdk1 in G 2 phase overrides the SAC and decouples mitotic events.</a> Cell Cycle. 13 (9), 1400-1412 (2014).</li><li>Burgess, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+human+Greatwall+results+in+G2+arrest+and+multiple+mitotic+defects+due+to+deregulation+of+the+cyclin+B-Cdc2/PP2A+balance.">Loss of human Greatwall results in G2 arrest and multiple mitotic defects due to deregulation of the cyclin B-Cdc2/PP2A balance.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (28), 12564-12569 (2010).</li><li>Krueger, M., Hartig, W., Reichenbach, A., Bechmann, I., Michalski, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-brain+barrier+breakdown+after+embolic+stroke+in+rats+occurs+without+ultrastructural+evidence+for+disrupting+tight+junctions.">Blood-brain barrier breakdown after embolic stroke in rats occurs without ultrastructural evidence for disrupting tight junctions.</a> PLoS One. 8 (2), e56419 (2013).</li><li>Hirano, A., Kawanami, T., Llena, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electron+microscopy+of+the+blood-brain+barrier+in+disease.">Electron microscopy of the blood-brain barrier in disease.</a> Microsc Res Tech. 27 (6), 543-556 (1994).</li></ol>

A técnica que descrevemos aqui é principalmente útil para detectar vazamento BBB sob condições de doença cerebral. Disfunção do BBB está ganhando atenção como uma característica comum dos distúrbios neurológicos diversos4. Anteriormente, usamos esta abordagem para descrever o início desarranjo da integridade do BBB em um modelo do rato de uma doença neurodegenerativa rara como HD6.
Esse método leva vantagem da relativa simplicida...

An erratum was issued for: <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56389/assessment-blood-brain-barrier-permeability-intravenous-infusion-fitc">Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease</a>. One of the author&#39;s names was corrected from:
Maglione Vittorio
to:
Vittorio Maglione

An erratum was issued for: <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56389/assessment-blood-brain-barrier-permeability-intravenous-infusion-fitc">Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease</a>. One of the author's names was corrected.

Erratum: Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Homeostase dentro do sistema nervoso central (SNC) é um pré-requisito para a comunicação adequada e função das células neuronais. O parênquima do CNS é hermeticamente fechado da periferia pela endotélio barreira hemato - encefálica (BBB), que representa a interface entre o cérebro e a circulação sanguínea periférica e desempenha um papel crucial no Cruz-falar entre estes dois distritos1 ,2. O BBB é um complexo e dinâmica estrutura tridimensional composta principalmente de micro vasos endoteliais células especializadas (ECs) ligados entre si através dos complexos juncionais intercelulares - junções apertadas (TJs) - e rodeado por pericitos, neurônio terminações e astrocyte pé processos1,2.
Sob condições fisiológicas, a extremamente baixa permeabilidade do BBB intacta garante a regulamentação estrita do transporte de nutrientes e outras moléculas para dentro e fora do cérebro e fornece o CNS com uma proteção única de mudanças que ocorrem na composição do sangue que pode influenciar a atividade neural e contra potencial periférica insulta1,2,3.
Rompimento da integridade do BBB e sua permeabilidade reforçada tem sido conhecido para constituir um recurso-chave para muitos neurológicas e neurodegenerativas distúrbios4 , incluindo a doença de Huntington (HD)5,6, no entanto , se tal uma disfunção é um fenômeno causal, ou um evento propagativo no decurso da doença ainda não está claro. Também o momento do colapso do BBB ainda não se alcançou, no entanto, surgir provas do nosso grupo e outros indica que interrompidos BBB integridade não representa um tarde evento na progressão da doença, mas prefiro uma etapa precoce6,7 , 8, que pode ter consequências a longo prazo.
Com isto em mente, é importante revelar precocemente desagregação do BBB na neurodegeneração a fim de desenvolver estratégias úteis para predizer a progressão da doença e dano cerebral para desenvolver com sucesso o alternativas e mais alvejadas intervenções capazes de mitigando as consequências clínicas de tal um rompimento. Imagem confiável de imparidade de BBB é, portanto, de grande importância no manejo clínico de doenças do cérebro e pesquisa experimental.
Neste trabalho, descrevemos um procedimento bem sucedido e simples para a avaliação da permeabilidade do BBB em um modelo do rato do HD usando o alto peso molecular fluoresceína isotiocianato rotulados-albumina (FITC-albumina). Extravasamento de FITC-albumina, que normalmente não pode cruzar a barreira, o parênquima cerebral foi medido como um índice de vazamento do BBB. Esta técnica é facilmente adaptável para ratos e outras condições patológicas caracterizadas por deficiência de cerebrovasculature9,10.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin-fluorescin isothiocyanate conjiugate</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>A9771-100MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pAb anti-Laminin</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NB300-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CY3 anti-rabbit made in goat</td>
			<td>MILLIPORE</td>
			<td>AP132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SUPERFROST PLUS</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>J1800AMNZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover Slips 24 X 50 mm</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific (DIAPATH)</td>
			<td>61050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kilik Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) compound</td>
			<td>Bio Optica</td>
			<td>05-9801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VECTASHIELD Mounting Media</td>
			<td>VECTOR</td>
			<td>H-1500</td>
			<td>Mounting media with DAPI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iNSu/Light Insulin Disposible Syringe</td>
			<td>RAYS Health &#38;Safety</td>
			<td>INS1ML26G13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30G 1/2&#34;</td>
			<td>BD Microlance</td>
			<td>304000</td>
			<td>Needle for Insulin disposible Syringe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel Handle</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>91003-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>#22 Disposable Scalpel blads</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>10022-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Iris scissors 10.5 cm</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>14094-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont Forceps #5745 45&#176; 0.10 x 0.06 mm</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11251-35</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe Forceps 10 cm</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11051-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont Forceps #5 0.1 X 0.06 mm</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical patch</td>
			<td>Medicalis</td>
			<td>34788</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile disposable towel drape</td>
			<td>Dispotech</td>
			<td>TVO50VE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereoscopic Microscope</td>
			<td>NIKON</td>
			<td>SMZ 745 T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optic Illuminator LED light (C-FLED2)</td>
			<td>NIKON</td>
			<td>1003167</td>
			<td>Optic Illuminator for Stereoscopic Micrscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eclipse Ni-U Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>932162</td>
			<td>Epifluorescence Microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope digital Camera</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>DS-Ri2</td>
			<td>Microscope camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intenslight</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>C-HGFI</td>
			<td>Microscope lamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS-Elements 64 bit</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>AR 4.40.00</td>
			<td>Analysis Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric Razor</td>
			<td>Gemei</td>
			<td>GM-3007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of blood-brain barrier permeability by intravenous infusion of fitc-labeled albumin in a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease

Rompimento da integridade da barreira hemato - encefálica (BBB) é um recurso comum para várias doenças neurológicas e neurodegenerativas. Embora a interação entre a homeostase BBB perturbado e a patogênese de doenças do cérebro precisa de investigação, desenvolvimento e validação de um procedimento confiável para detectar com precisão as alterações de BBB podem ser crucial e representam uma ferramenta útil para potencialmente prevendo doença progressão e desenvolvimento direcionado estratégias terapêuticas.
Aqui, apresentamos um procedimento fácil e eficiente para avaliar o escapamento do BBB em uma condição neurodegenerativa assim ocorrendo em um modelo de pré-clínicos do rato da doença de Huntington, em que defeitos na permeabilidade do BBB são claramente detectáveis precocemente em a doença. Especificamente, o alto peso molecular isotiocianato de fluoresceína rotulado (FITC)-albumina, que é capaz de atravessar o BBB somente quando este for prejudicada, é agudamente infundido em uma veia jugular de rato e sua distribuição nos distritos de vascular ou parenquimatosas é determinada por microscopia de fluorescência.
Acumulação de verde fluorescente-albumina no parênquima cérebro funciona como um índice de permeabilidade BBB aberrante e, quando quantificados usando o software de processamento de imagem J, é relatada como a intensidade de fluorescência verde.

Infusão adequada de FITC-albumina em veia jugular resultados no extravasamento do traçador fluorescência verde da corrente sanguínea para o cérebro parenchymawhen que o BBB é comprometida6. Sob condições fisiológicas, distribuição de albumina fluorescente infundida é restrita ao interior dos vasos sanguíneos cerebrais e nenhum sinal no parênquima circundante de área e/ou cérebro perivascular é detectável (figura 1A, m...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease at JoVE.com

Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Neste estudo, apresentamos um procedimento fácil e eficiente para avaliar o rompimento da barreira hemato - encefálica em condições neurodegenerativas. Para alcançar nosso objetivo, nós infundida de alto peso molecular isotiocianato de fluoresceína rotulado (FITC)-albumina na jugular do mouse veia e avaliada a sua fuga para o parênquima cerebral por microscopia de fluorescência.

Avaliação da permeabilidade da barreira hemato - encefálica por infusão intravenosa de albumina FITC-etiquetadas em um modelo do rato da doença neurodegenerativa

Disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is a common feature for different neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Although the interplay ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to assess the brain-blood barrier permeability in a mouse model of degenerative disorder by intrajugular injection of FITC-labeled albumin. This method can help answer the key questions in the study of brain homeostasis. It can be particularly useful to investigate any possible link between blood-brain barrier damage and neurodegeneration.The main advantage of this technique is that it is fast and easy to perform and can be applied, also, to larger animal models and to other neuro-pathological settings. Demonstrating the surgical procedure of intrajugular injection of FITC-albumen will be Luca Capocci. Salvatore Castaldo will demonstrate the histological sectioning of a brains.And Enrico Amico will demonstrate the procedure for micrograph acquisition. Begin by preparing FITC-albumen solution by dissolving FITC-albumen powder in phosphate buffered saline at 10 milligrams per milliliter. Lay out the autoclaved surgical instruments.Clean the surgical bench with 70%ethanol and place a surgical sterile disposable drape. Then set up the operating stereo microscope. After anesthetizing the mouse with an intraperitoneal injection of an appropriate does of ketamine xylazine solution, monitor animal sedation by giving a gentle toe pinch and ensuring the absence of the withdrawal reflex.Place the anesthetized mouse in a face-up supine position and fix the four legs and the tail on the surgical workbench with adhesive tape. After the mouse is secured, carefully shave the appropriate surgical margin on the neck and disinfect it with povidone-iodine solution in 70%ethanol. Dry the exposed shaved surface with cotton swabs.Next, after making a 1.5 centimeter long longitudinal incision in the mid-clavicular line, starting midway on the thorax and extending to just below the neck, carefully stretch apart connective tissue with forceps under microscopic observation to expose the external jugular vein. Ensure sufficient space on the right and on the left of the jugular vein to facilitate the insertion of the 30 and a half gauge needle for the infusion of the FITC-albumen solution. Inject 100 microliters of 10 milligrams per milliliter FITC-albumen in the right jugular vein over three minutes.This is the most critical step during the procedure. Incorrect insertion of the needle can cause irreversible damage of the vein wall and compromise the entire experiment. Fifteen minutes after injection, after euthanizing the mouse by decapitation, rapidly remove the brain from the skull and immerse it in a volume of pre-chilled isopentane, that is ten times that of the brain, for 15 minutes.Move the isopentane frozen brain into a pre-chilled tube and store it in a 80 degrees Celsius freezer until histological sectioning. Embed frozen brain in optimal cutting temperature compound prior to cryostat sectioning. Cut the brain into 20 micron thick sections with a cryostat and mount them onto microscope glass slides.Perform the FITC-albumin laminin co-staining by using a specific anti-laminin antibody, as previously described. Cover slip slides with mounting medium containing DAPI and leave the slide to dry overnight at four degrees Celsius in the dark. The next day, observe the fluorescence staining under a fluorescence microscope at 20 times magnification, equipped with both FITC and Cy3 filters.Turn on the fluorescence lamp about 10 minutes before use. Turn on the microscope, the connected computer and the digital camera. Run the image analysis software.Use the appropriate objective for optimal signal collection and spatial resolution and select appropriate filters. Acquire a minimum of four, 24-bit color exposures per brain slice. Analyze the fluorescence intensity for each single channel, using the freely available ImageJ software.The following representative fluorescence micrographs of brain cryosections show differential distribution of green fluorescent albumin under both physiological and pathological conditions. The red staining, shown here, represents the vascular marker, laminin, under physiological conditions and under conditions of blood-brain barrier compromise. These merged images show co-localization of green fluorescent albumin and laminin, along with DAPI staining of nuclei in the intact and compromised blood-brain barriers.This graph displays the quantification of the green fluorescence emitted by FITC-albumin, which is reported as the green fluorescence intensity in both healthy and compromised conditions. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to freshly prepare each single reagent and predispose the surgical bench. After watching this video, you may have a good understanding of how to assess the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in an animal model of neurodegenerative disease, by measuring the affixation of the green fluorescent albumin into brain parenchyma.

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Indução e Avaliação de Dyskinesias induzidas por Levodopa em um modelo de rato da doença de Parkinson

Levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold-standard therapy used to treat Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) motor symptoms. However, unwanted involuntary movements ...

Ensaios de constipação em moscas Drosophila

Measuring Constipation in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease

Autor em destaque: Explorando sintomas não motores na doença de Parkinson 

Medindo a constipação em um modelo de Drosophila da doença de Parkinson

Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common, difficult to treat, and significantly impair quality of life. One prevalent non-motor symptom ...