Name: concurrent eeg and functional mri recording and integration analysis for dynamic cortical activity imaging
Uploaded: 2018-06-30T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Concurrent EEG and Functional MRI Recording and Integration Analysis for Dynamic Cortical Activity Imaging at JoVE.com

Detta arbete stöds delvis av NIH DK082644 och University of Houston.

Det protokoll som presenteras här ritades och utförs i enlighet med alla riktlinjer för etisk mänsklig forskning enligt fram av respektive institutionella i styrelserna för University of Houston och Houston Methodist Research Institute.
1. samtidig EEG/fMRI inspelning
<ol><li>Inhämta informerat samtycke från deltagaren. Förklara för den deltagaren syftet och tillvägagångssättet av studien, liksom de viktiga säkerhetsåtgärderna för samtidiga EEG/fMRI data inspelningsprocessen....

<ol>
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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+source+imaging.">EEG source imaging.</a> Clin Neurophysiol. 115 (10), 2195-2222 (2004).</li><li>Ramon, C., Schimpf, P. H., Haueisen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+head+models+on+EEG+simulations+and+inverse+source+localizations.">Influence of head models on EEG simulations and inverse source localizations.</a> Biomed Eng Online. 5, 10 (2006).</li><li>Mosher, J. C., Spencer, M. E., Leahy, R. M., Lewis, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Error+bounds+for+EEG+and+MEG+dipole+source+localization.">Error bounds for EEG and MEG dipole source localization.</a> Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 86 (5), 303-321 (1993).</li><li>Hamalainen, M. S., Ilmoniemi, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interpreting+magnetic+fields+of+the+brain:+minimum+norm+estimates.">Interpreting magnetic fields of the brain: minimum norm estimates.</a> Med Biol Eng Comput. 32 (1), 35-42 (1994).</li><li>Pascual-Marqui, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review+of+methods+for+solving+the+EEG+inverse+problem.">Review of methods for solving the EEG inverse problem.</a> International journal of bioelectromagnetism. 1 (1), 75-86 (1999).</li><li>Rosa, M. J., Daunizeau, J., Friston, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG-fMRI+integration:+a+critical+review+of+biophysical+modeling+and+data+analysis+approaches.">EEG-fMRI integration: a critical review of biophysical modeling and data analysis approaches.</a> J Integr Neurosci. 9 (4), 453-476 (2010).</li><li>Nguyen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+Source+Imaging+Guided+by+Spatiotemporal+Specific+fMRI:+Toward+an+Understanding+of+Dynamic+Cognitive+Processes.">EEG Source Imaging Guided by Spatiotemporal Specific fMRI: Toward an Understanding of Dynamic Cognitive Processes.</a> Neural Plast. 2016, 10 (2016).</li><li>Klem, G. H., Luders, H. O., Jasper, H. H., Elger, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ten-twenty+electrode+system+of+the+International+Federation.+The+International+Federation+of+Clinical+Neurophysiology.">The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.</a> Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 52, 3-6 (1999).</li><li>Mullinger, K. J., Castellone, P., Bowtell, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Best+current+practice+for+obtaining+high+quality+EEG+data+during+simultaneous+FMRI.">Best current practice for obtaining high quality EEG data during simultaneous FMRI.</a> J Vis Exp. (76), (2013).</li><li>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Pictures of Facial Affect. , (1976).</li><li>Dale, A. M., Fischl, B., Sereno, M. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+surface-based+analysis.+I.+Segmentation+and+surface+reconstruction.">Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction.</a> Neuroimage. 9 (2), 179-194 (1999).</li><li>Fischl, B., Sereno, M. I., Dale, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+surface-based+analysis.+II:+Inflation,+flattening,+and+a+surface-based+coordinate+system.">Cortical surface-based analysis. II: Inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system.</a> Neuroimage. 9 (2), 195-207 (1999).</li><li>Gramfort, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MNE+software+for+processing+MEG+and+EEG+data.">MNE software for processing MEG and EEG data.</a> Neuroimage. 86, 446-460 (2014).</li><li>Hagler, D. J., Saygin, A. P., Sereno, M. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smoothing+and+cluster+thresholding+for+cortical+surface-based+group+analysis+of+fMRI+data.">Smoothing and cluster thresholding for cortical surface-based group analysis of fMRI data.</a> Neuroimage. 33 (4), 1093-1103 (2006).</li><li>Jenkinson, M., Beckmann, C. F., Behrens, T. E., Woolrich, M. W., Smith, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fsl.">Fsl.</a> Neuroimage. 62 (2), 782-790 (2012).</li><li>Cox, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AFNI:+software+for+analysis+and+visualization+of+functional+magnetic+resonance+neuroimages.">AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages.</a> Comput Biomed Res. 29 (3), 162-173 (1996).</li><li>Genovese, C. R., Lazar, N. A., Nichols, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thresholding+of+statistical+maps+in+functional+neuroimaging+using+the+false+discovery+rate.">Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate.</a> Neuroimage. 15 (4), 870-878 (2002).</li><li>Klein, A., Tourville, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=101+labeled+brain+images+and+a+consistent+human+cortical+labeling+protocol.">101 labeled brain images and a consistent human cortical labeling protocol.</a> Front Neurosci. 6, 171 (2012).</li><li>Fischl, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automatically+parcellating+the+human+cerebral+cortex.">Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex.</a> Cereb Cortex. 14 (1), 11-22 (2004).</li><li>Delorme, A., Makeig, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEGLAB:+an+open+source+toolbox+for+analysis+of+single-trial+EEG+dynamics+including+independent+component+analysis.">EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 134 (1), 9-21 (2004).</li><li>Iannetti, G. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+recording+of+laser-evoked+brain+potentials+and+continuous,+high-field+functional+magnetic+resonance+imaging+in+humans.">Simultaneous recording of laser-evoked brain potentials and continuous, high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans.</a> Neuroimage. 28 (3), 708-719 (2005).</li><li>Niazy, R. K., Beckmann, C. F., Iannetti, G. D., Brady, J. M., Smith, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Removal+of+FMRI+environment+artifacts+from+EEG+data+using+optimal+basis+sets.">Removal of FMRI environment artifacts from EEG data using optimal basis sets.</a> Neuroimage. 28 (3), 720-737 (2005).</li></ol>

Här har vi visat de nödvändiga åtgärder för att använda metoden spatiotemporal fMRI begränsad källa analys för EEG/fMRI integration analys. EEG och fMRI har blivit väl etablerat som de grundläggande metoderna för icke-invasivt imaging hjärnaktivitet, men de möter svårigheter i deras respektive rumsliga och tidsmässiga resolutioner. Och metoder har utvecklats för att kapitalisera på gynnsamma egenskaper för varje, nuvarande fMRI-constrained EEG källkod lokalisering metoder ofta förlita sig på enkla ...

Elektroencefalografi (EEG) och funktionell magnetresonanstomografi (fMRI) kan ses som neuroimaging modaliteter med kompletterande funktioner. FMRI fångar hjärnaktivitet med stor temporal skala, som hemodynamiska signaler indirekt mäta den underliggande neuronala aktiviteten med en dålig temporal upplösning (storleksordningen sekunder)1,2. Däremot mäter EEG direkt dynamiska elektrofysiologiska aktiviteten av hjärnan med en mycket hög temporal upplösning (millisekundnivå), men dålig rumslig upplösning3,4. Dessa egenskaper har lett till multimodala strategier utformats för att optimera de gynnsamma aspekterna av varje enskild metod5. Samtidig användning av EEG och fMRI gör att den utmärkta temporal upplösningen av EEG kombineras med hög rumsliga noggrannhet av fMRI kan övervinna de begränsningar som är associerade med unimodala fMRI eller EEG.
Metoder för EEG och fMRI integration börjar med fMRI-informerade EEG källkod lokalisering6,7. Denna teknik använder fMRI-derived rumslig information för att förbättra EEG källkod lokalisering, en nackdel är dock den potentiella rumsliga bias orsakad av tillämpningen av fMRI som en ”hård-constraint” — fMRI-derived rumslig information anses en absolut sanning. Detta innebär två stora frågor som måste vara avstämda6–8. Först måste det anses att användning av en statisk karta blodet syre nivå beroende (fet) kontrasternas oavsiktligt kan stärka någon felaktig verksamhet som faller inom det, medan dämpning sant verksamhet utanför den. Andra, överhörning från källor som inträffar utanför DJÄRVA aktivering kartan kan påverka presentationen av sanna aktivitet inom resultaten eller orsaka felaktig aktivitet. Trots detta begränsas användningen av den hög rumslig upplösningen av fMRI att tillhandahålla rumsliga förkunskaper är fortfarande en gynnsam lösning5, som modellering av EEG inverse problemet kan vara både i anatomiska och funktionella sinnena.
I detta papper visar vi en spatiotemporal fMRI-constrained EEG källa imaging strategi som behandlar frågan om temporal obalans mellan EEG och fMRI genom att beräkna den optimala delmängden av fMRI priors baserat på en hierarkisk Bayesian modell9. FMRI-priors beräknas i en data-driven sätt från särskilda windows sevärdheter i EEG data, leder till tid-variant fMRI begränsningar. Det föreslagna tillvägagångssättet använder tredjeparts temporal högupplöst av EEG att beräkna en strömtäthet kartläggning av den kortikala aktiviteten, informerade av den hög rumslig upplösningen av fMRI i en tid-variant, rumsligt selektiva sätt att exakt bilder dynamisk neurala verksamhet.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:869px;" width="868">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:219px;">BrainAmp MR Plus</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:415px;">Amplifiers for EEG recording, MR-compatible</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BrainAmp ExG MR&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Amplifier for auxilary sensor (EMG), MR-compatible</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BrainAmp Power Pack</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provide power to amplifiers in the MR environment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Ribbon Cables</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Connects the Power Pack to Amplifiers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">SyncBox</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Synchronize MR scanner clock with EEG amplifier clock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BrainCap MR</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Passive-electrode 64-channel EEG cap, MR-compatible</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BrainVision Recorder</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>EEG data recording software (steps 1.2-1.4.2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">BrainVision Analyzer 2.0</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>EEG analysis software (steps 4.1-4.6)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">USB 2 Adapter (also known as BUA)</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Interface between the amplifiers and data acquisition computer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Fiber Optic Cables</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Connects the EEG cap in the MR scanner to the Recording Computer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">SyncBox Scanner Interface</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Synchronize MR scanner clock with EEG amplifier clock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Trigger Cable</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used to send scanner/paradigm triggers to the recording computer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">ABRALYT HiCl EEG Electrode Gel</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">EasyCap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Abrasive EEG gel for passive electrode in MR environment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Ingenia 3.0T MR system</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>3.0 T MRI system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Patriot Digitizer</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Polhemus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>EEG channel location digitization&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">MATLAB r2014a</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">MathWorks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Programming base for the DBTN algorithm (steps 3.3-3.4 and 5.1-5.7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Pictures of Facial Affect</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Paul Eckman Group</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>A series of emotionally valent faces used as stimuli</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">E-Prime 2.0</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Psychology Software Tools, Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Presentation Software (step 1.4.3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bipolar skin EMG electrode</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Brain Products</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to detect muscle activity.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">POLGUI</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>MATLAB software for digitization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Freesurfer</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Software used in steps 2.1-2.4, and steps 3.1-3.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">MNE</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Software used in step 2.5</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

concurrent eeg and functional mri recording and integration analysis for dynamic cortical activity imaging

Elektroencefalografi (EEG) och funktionell magnetresonanstomografi (fMRI) är två av de grundläggande noninvasiva metoderna för att identifiera hjärnans aktivitet. Multimodala metoder har försökt kombinera hög temporal upplösning av EEG med fMRI rumsliga precision, men komplexiteten i detta synsätt är för närvarande i behov av förbättring. Det protokoll som presenteras här beskriver nyligen utvecklade spatiotemporal fMRI-constrained EEG källan imaging metod, som syftar till att åtgärda källan fördomar och förbättra EEG-fMRI källkod lokalisering genom dynamisk rekrytering av fMRI underregioner. Processen börjar med insamling av multimodala data från samtidig EEG och fMRI skanningar, generering av 3D kortikala modeller, och oberoende EEG och fMRI bearbetning. De bearbeta fMRI aktivering kartorna är sedan uppdelade i flera priors, enligt deras läge och omgivningar. Dessa är tagna som priors i en två-nivå hierarkisk Bayesian algoritm för EEG källkod lokalisering. För varje fönster av intresse (definieras av operatören), identifieras specifika segment av fMRI aktivering kartan som aktiv att optimera en parameter som kallas modell bevis. Dessa kommer att användas som mjuk begränsningar på identifierade kortikala aktiviteten, ökar specificiteten för den multimodal imaging metod genom att minska överhörning och undvika felaktiga aktivitet i andra villkorligt aktiva fMRI regioner. Metoden genererar kortikala kartor av aktivitet och tid-kurser, som kan tas som slutresultat, eller användas som en grund för ytterligare analyser (analyser av korrelation, orsakssamband, etc.) medan metoden är något begränsad av villkoren (det inte hittar EEG-invisible källor), det är i stort sett förenlig med de flesta större bearbetning programvara, och är lämplig för de flesta neuroradiologiska studier.

EEG källkod lokalisering på den grundläggande nivån innebär att lösa den framtida och inversa problemen. De komponenter som krävs för att bygga och lösa framåt visas i figur 5C. Använda en ämnesspecifika T1 bild, tre lager – hjärnan, skalle och hud — var segmenterade och maskor. Dessa lager tjänstgjorde som indata till generera den BEM-modellen. Likaså var motivets grå-materia lager segmenterad från strukturella MRI och a...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Concurrent EEG and Functional MRI Recording and Integration Analysis for Dynamic Cortical Activity Imaging at JoVE.com

Concurrent EEG and Functional MRI Recording and Integration Analysis for Dynamic Cortical Activity Imaging

Samtidiga EEG och funktionell MRI inspelning och Integration analys för dynamisk kortikal aktivitet Imaging

En EEG-fMRI multimodal imaging metod, som kallas spatiotemporal fMRI-constrained EEG källan imaging-metoden beskrivs här. Den presenterade metoden sysselsätter villkorligt-aktiva fMRI sub kartor eller priors, att vägleda EEG källkod lokalisering på ett sätt som förbättrar spatial specificitet och begränsar felaktiga resultat.

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are two of the fundamental noninvasive methods for identifying brain ...

This method can help answer key questions in the field of neuroscience, such as determining the temporal relationship between multiple brain regions or exploring the detailed neural pathway of complex cognitive processes. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows for the integration of multi-modal EEG and functional data in a spatial and a temporal specific manner to improve the resolution and accuracy of functional neuroimaging. The implications of this technique extends toward the understanding of epilepsy and neurocognitive disorders.Because the method improves on the spatial and temporal accuracy for noninvasive neuroimaging. Though this method can be used to provide insight to the visual motor and emotional processing systems, it can also be applied to other systems, such as sensorimotor integration, language, and memory processing. Visual demonstration of this method is critical, as the concurrent EEG and fMRI data recording steps can be difficult to learn.Also because the requirement for specialized facility, equipment, and signal processing methods. To begin this procedure, place an appropriately sized passive MRI-compatible EEG cap onto the subject's head. Position the electrodes as per the 10-20 international labeling system.In the EEG recording software, check the impedance of the ground and reference electrodes. To do this, click on the impedance tab and select the electrode type on the software user interface. Next, use the syringe to inject electrolyte get into each electrode.Then use a cotton swab to spread the gel to ensure skin-electrode contact. Once the EEG cap preparation is done, have the subject move to the MR scanner. Set up the experimental paradigm display on a monitor located in the observation room.Use a head coil viewing mirror to allow the subject to view the monitor screen without moving their head or eyes while lying down. Display a sample image on the computer screen to ensure that the subject can comfortably view the screen and that the paradigm will display properly. Make any necessary hardware or software adjustments.After that, instruct the subject to remain still and perform an initial T1 weighted anatomical MRI scan. If possible, use a field of view that reaches from the bottom of the cerebellum to the top of the head, including the skull and skin. Now, start recording the EEG data.Simultaneously click the appropriate buttons to begin the MRI recording and initiate the paradigm of interest on the presentation software. Check the EEG data recording to ensure signal quality, and if desired, appropriate markers are being recorded. To analyze the structural MRI data, use the available GUI to ensure that there is no overlap in the layers.Next, open the FreeView application. Click File, then Load Surface. Navigate to the subject's directory in the free surfer folder.Then, open the bem folder, followed by the watershed folder. Load the four files, outer skin surface, outer skull surface, brain surface, and inner skull surface. Subsequently, move the slice selection sliders and look for overlap in the yellow surface layers.If overlap does occur, double check the MRI data for anatomical defects or errors, and use the GUI drawing tools to clarify the layers. Afterward, load the original MRI data in the FreeView application by clicking File, then Load Volume. Navigate to the subject folder and open the mri folder.Then click on the original directory and open the structural mri data and click OK.Next, view the gray scale image of the head and look at the different layers of gray and black around the brain. Ensure that these layers do not have any gaps or irregularities. Use the color picker tool to select the Voxel from the layer to be corrected.Switch to the freehand voxel edit, and click to draw on the image. Use this procedure to fill in any defects in the MRI image. Perform correction for all layers and MRI slices where defects occur.Subsequently, perform subject-specific EEG sensor alignment to the MRI space using the free surfer head model overlay. Then, save the transformation. Open the MNE Analyze application.Click on File, then Load Surface. Navigate to the folder containing the subject data, and load the pial surface. Click File, then click Load digitizer data, and select the EEG file of interest.Click View and Show Viewer. Once the Viewer GUI appears, click Options and make sure that the scalp and digitizer data options are chosen. Electrodes here are shown in red with fiducial points in yellow.On the main window, select Adjust, then Coordinate alignment. Using the Coordinate alignment GUI, shift and rotate the EEG electrodes in the viewer with the arrow and left right buttons. Adjust as much as necessary.Once the alignment is done, click Save at the bottom of the Coordinate alignment GUI to save the alignment. For EEG data analysis, perform scanner gradient artifacts correction through template subtraction by clicking on the MR correction button in the special signal processing menu, and selecting appropriate parameters in the EEG analysis software GUI. To remove cardioballistic artifacts through template subtraction, click on the CB correction button in the special signal processing menu and select appropriate parameters in the analysis software GUI.Then, apply filtration under data filtration. Select the button for IIR filtration at the top of the analysis GUI. For example, apply high pass at 0.05 Hertz, low pass at 40 Hertz, and a notch filter at the power line frequency with a roll off of 48 decibels per Hertz.To perform ocular artifact correction, select Transformation, then Artifact rejection reduction, followed by ocular correction ICA. Next, segment the EEG data into epics based on the specified pre-and post-stimulus time with respect to the event timing markers by selecting Transformation, then segment analysis functions, followed by segmentation. Afterward, choose the marker of interest and the time segment of interest.Subsequently, perform manual or semi-automatic artifact rejection by selecting Transformation then Artifact rejection reduction in Artifact rejection. When prompted, define criteria for artifacts within the three tabs of the GUI and proceed as instructed. In the Inspection Method tab, choose automatically, semi-automatically, or manually select artifacts.Then select mark or remove artifacts and specify if the corrections are for a single channel. Next in the channel selection tab, select the channels which will be corrected for artifacts. In the Criteria tab, select the basis by which artifacts will be identified.Click OK after selecting criteria, and artifacts will be identified and/or rejected in accordance with the selections. To perform baseline correction, select Transformation then Segment analysis functions and baseline correction. And to average the segmented data, select Transformation, then segment analysis functions, and then average.First, the EEG epic of interest is divided into smaller time windows with pre-defined window and overlap sizes. Meanwhile, the fMRI activation map is subdivided into multiple regions of interest to be used as spatial priors for EEG source analysis. During each time window, an appropriate set of spatial priors will be selected for source localization.Combining these will yield the final time course of cortical activity for the entire EEG epic of interest. Here, reconstructed brain activity is shown comparing the new spatio-temporally specific fMRI constrained EEG source imaging on top, with the commonly used time invariant fMRI constraint source imaging on the bottom. Reconstructed brain activity is shown at several time points for one representative subject undergoing the visual motor activation paradigm.Localization results from the new method were more focal and aligned better with the expected brain regions. Here, the robustness of the method is tested by applying the method with different window sizes. Notice that the modest window sizes are fairly stable, while large window sizes show disparate results.Once mastered, the concurrent EEG and fMRI data recording session can be done in about three hours, and data analysis can be performed in two to three days if they are done properly. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to check your clock synchronization and triggers while recording. During the analysis, you should also pay attention to the parameters necessary to capture your activity of interest.Following this procedure, measures like EEG and functional MRI data analysis all-brain connectivity analysis can be performed in order to investigate the underlying connectivity structure or activity in the brain during cognitive tasks. After this development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of functional neuroimaging to explore the highly dynamic brain activity involved in complex cognitive processing and to study the detailed changes in neural pathways associated with neurological disorders. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to conduct concurrent EEG and fMRI recording and to perform basics of spatial temporal fMRI constrained EEG socioanalysis.In order to reconstruct brain activity with high spatial temporal resolution and accuracy. Don't forget that working with participants and equipment in the MRI environment requires constant awareness about safety concerns. No unspecified metal objects should be brought into the MRI room, and all electrode impedances should be kept under 50 coulombs.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Application of Light-cured Dental Adhesive Resin for Mounting Electrodes or Microdialysis Probes in Chronic Experiments

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Funktionell avbildning med armering, Eyetracking och fysiologiska övervakning

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Robotics and Dynamic Image Analysis for Studies of Gene Expression in Plant Tissues

Robotics och Dynamic bildanalys för studier av genuttryck i plantvävnader

Gene expression in plant tissues is typically studied by destructive extraction of compounds from plant tissues for in vitro analyses. The methods ...

Mutagenesis and Functional Analysis of Ion Channels Heterologously Expressed in Mammalian Cells

Mutagenes och funktionsanalys av jonkanaler Uttryckt Heterologously i däggdjursceller

We will demonstrate how to study the functional effects of introducing a point mutation in an ion channel. We study G protein-gated inwardly rectifying ...

Rapid Analysis and Exploration of Fluorescence Microscopy Images

Snabb analys och utforskningen av fluorescensmikroskopi bilder

Despite rapid advances in high-throughput microscopy, quantitative image-based assays still pose significant challenges. While a variety of specialized ...

Functional Reconstitution and Channel Activity Measurements of Purified Wildtype and Mutant CFTR Protein

Funktionell beredning och Kanalaktivitets Mätningar av renat Vildtyps och Mutant CFTR Protein

The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is a unique channel-forming member of the ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily of ...

Implementation of a Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) System on a Ti:Sapphire and OPO Laser Based Standard Laser Scanning Microscope

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Genomförandet av en enhetlig Anti-Stokes Ramanspridning (CARS) System på en Ti: Sapphire och OPO laserbaserade Standard Laserskanning Mikroskop

Laser scanning microscopes combining a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to duplicate the laser line have become ...