Name: assay development for high content quantification of sod1 mutant protein aggregate formation in living cells
Uploaded: 2017-10-04T12:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assay Development for High Content Quantification of Sod1 Mutant Protein Aggregate Formation in Living Cells at JoVE.com

이 작품은 한국 정부 (MSIP) (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074642), 한국 국가 연구 재단 (NRF) 개별 과학자 지원 프로그램 (NRF-2013M3A9B5076486/NRF-2015R1D1A1A09057239)에 의해 투자 된 교부 금에 의해 지원 되었다.

1. lentivirus 생산 참고: 생산과 lentiviral 벡터의 조작 재조합 관련 된 연구를 위한 국가 학회 (NIH) 지침에 따라 실시 DNA입니다. 플라스 미드는 야생 형 및 A4V 돌연변이 체 SOD1 (SOD1WT-YFP 및 SOD1A4V YFP) 향상 된 YFP 태그로 인코딩 김 외에 설명 되어 있습니다. 11 두 유전자 융합 제품 PCR 뇌관 쌍 5를 사용 하 여 증폭 했다 &#8242;-ATCGTCTAGACACCATGGCGACGAAGGTCGTGTGC-3 &#8242; 5 &...

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안정적인 세포를 생성 하기 위한 두 가지 주요 방법 있다. 처음 몇 주를 소요 하며 게놈 통합된 플라스 미드 DNA 벡터의 과도 transfection 및 저항 선택. 두 번째는 제한 노력으로 여러 셀 라인에서이 프로토콜을 대상 단백질의 효과적인 표현 의무가 만들기 lentivirus, 사용 시간의 문제를 걸립니다. 여행-CMV 벡터19 지속적인된 벡터 보존된 변환 효율과 안정적인 transgene 식 사용 했다. 놀?...

단백질 집계는 생물학 과정을 단백질 그룹을 misfolded 및 신경 퇴행 성 질환 (amyloidosis)에 원인이 되는 에이전트 역할을 할 수는 있습니다. 단백질 집계 특성화 촉진은 병의 발병에 영향을 주는 새로운 요인의 발견에서 세포 장애 뿐만 집계의 역할 이해에 필수적 이다. 살아있는 세포에 형광 태그 단백질의 시각화 높은 콘텐츠 심사 (HCS)1,2,,34에 적용 가능한 분석 실험의 개발에 도움이 수 있는 강력한 방법입니다.
루 경화 증 (ALS) 집계 가족 ALS (fALS)에 산발적 ALS (염)5,6 모터 신경에서 축적 하는 성향으로 misfolded 단백질의 존재로 인 한 proteopathic 질병으로 간주 됩니다. . FALS 경우의 ~ 20%의 하위 집합 관련 된 인코딩 cytosolic 항 산화 효소 유전자에 지배적인 돌연변이와 구리-아연 superoxide dismutase 입력 1 (SOD1)7,8. SOD1 변형, 탈 선 안정성, 증가 전개 속도, 집계9, 성향 등의 기능과 구조에 변화를 포함 하 여이 유전자 파생된 전에 대 한 몇 가지 잠재적인 원인 제안 되었습니다. 10. 특히, 두 ALS 연결 된 SOD1 이체에 의해 공유 하는 유일한 확인 하 고 잠재적으로 유독한 속성 이며 야생-타입 (WT) SOD1 compartmentalized 단백질 집계 또는 배치할 포함11,12 형태로 증가 성향 . Misfolded 돌연변이 체 SOD1, 지속적으로 polyubiquitinated 이며, 유비퀴틴-프로테아좀 시스템에 의해 타락. 그 결과, 프로테아좀의 활동의 억제의 저수준 SOD1 집계13,14, 수용 성 돌연변이 체 SOD1와 교환할 수 있는 수용 성 구성 요소 형태로 비정 질 구조를 구성 하는 돌연변이의 축적에 리드 cytosol15. 특히, SOD1 돌연변이 A4V에서 (알라닌 codon 4에서 valine 변경) 가장 일반적인 ALS를 일으키는 돌연변이 이며 2 년 미만 질병 발병16후의 평균 생존 시간 빠른 neurodegeneration을 리드. 화학적, SOD1 A4V monomerize, 집계, 녹말 체 모;를 형성 하는 증가 경향이 있다 그것의 기 공 같은 집계 다른 질병에 연결 된 돌연변이 형태, α-synuclein와 β 아 밀 로이드 단백질17등의 녹말 체 모와 비슷합니다. SOD1 집계 축적의 역학 연구, 가용성과 불용 성 SOD1 집계 형태를 모니터링 하기 위한 방법 개발 유지.
우리는 이전, 라이브 셀 이미징 사용 하 여 및 HEK 293 세포 형광 단백질 태그 SOD1, ALS 관련 돌연변이 SOD1 이합체 화 및 집계11손상으로 뚜렷이 페. 과도 식 시스템 단기 유전자 overexpression의 생물 학적 결과 대 한 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있습니다, 방법 원하는 유전자의 안정적인 통합을 제공 하는 분석 결과 개발에 대 한 선호 있을 수 있습니다. 따라서, lentiviral 벡터 포유류 세포 18에 장기 및 규제 유전자 발현을 부여 하는 기능을 제공 합니다. 이 연구에서 우리가 재조합 lentivirus WT 베어링으로 불리고 안정적인 셀 라인의 세대에 집중 하 고 돌연변이 체 SOD1 태그 노란 형광 성 단백질 (YFP)와. 라이브 셀 이미징 현미경 SOD1 집계의 자동화 된 정량화에 사용 하 여, 우리는 실행 하 고 SOD1 집계 이벤트는 프로테아좀의 억제 시 계량.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ALLN (C20H37N3O4)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>208719</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MG132 (C26H41N3O5)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C2211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxomicin (C28H50N4O7)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>H-3570</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opera</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>OP-QEHS-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opera EvoShell software</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>Ver 1.8.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operetta</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>OPRT1288</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harmony Imaging software</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>Ver 3.0.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Columbus Image analysis software</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>Ver 2.3.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CyBi Hummingwell liquid handling</td>
			<td>CyBio AG</td>
			<td>OL 3387 3 0110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assay development for high content quantification of sod1 mutant protein aggregate formation in living cells

루 경화 증 (ALS) 유전자 인코딩 구리-아연 superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)에서 상속 된 돌연변이 의해 발생할 수 있는 치명적인 신경 질환 이다. SOD1의 구조적 불안정 및 가족 ALS 환자에 SOD1 긍정적인 포함 검색 misfolded 또는 집계 SOD1 ALS 병 리에 대 한 잠재적인 원인 역할을 지원합니다. 이 연구에서 우리는 높은 콘텐츠 접근을 차단 하 여 살아있는 세포에 SOD1 집계의 역학을 계량 하도록 세포 기반 분석 결과의 개발을 설명 합니다. 안정적인 셀 라인 표현 야생-타입 및 돌연변이 A4V SOD1 태그로 노란 형광 성 단백질 및 두 단백질 집단의 흔적 없이 cytosol에 표현 되었다 발견 lentiviral 벡터를 사용 하 여 생성 되었습니다. 흥미롭게도,만 SOD1 A4V HEK 293 안정적으로 표현 하지만 하지 U2OS 또는 SH SY5Y 셀 라인에 프로테아좀 억제제 처리 시 집계를 형성 했다. 우리는 다양 한 프로테아좀 억제제의 복용량 응답 분석을 기반으로 집계를 계량 하 고 시간 경과 현미경 검사 법에 의해 집계 형성 속도 론을 추적 가능 하다는 것을 보여줍니다. 우리의 접근 ALS 돌연변이의 역할에 SOD1 집계 형성에 효과 측정 SOD1 A4V 집계를 방지 하는 작은 분자에 대 한 심사의 가능성을 소개 합니다.

Lentivirus를 사용 하 여 생성 안정적인 셀 라인: SOD1 단백질 집계 모니터링에 대 한 전반적인 전략은 그림 1에 나와 있습니다. 첫 번째 단계에서 셀 라인 (1 단계)에 SOD1 안정적인 유전자 배달에 대 한 식 lentiviral 벡터를 생성 했습니다. 인코딩 SOD1 WT YFP 태그 및 SOD1 A4V 두 lentiviral 벡터 (SOD1WT-YFP 및 SOD1A4V-YFP, 각각) 포장 및 봉투 플라스 미드 (<stro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assay Development for High Content Quantification of Sod1 Mutant Protein Aggregate Formation in Living Cells at JoVE.com

Assay Development for High Content Quantification of Sod1 Mutant Protein Aggregate Formation in Living Cells

계량 misfolded 단백질의 집계 하는 방법을 설명 합니다. 우리의 프로토콜 세부 사항을 lentiviral 안정적인 셀 라인 생성, 자동된 confocal 영상, 및 단백질의 이미지 분석을 유도 한다. 설명 응용 프로그램으로 우리는 SOD1 집계 시간 복용량에 따라 방식에서 홍보에 작은 분자의 효과 공부 했습니다.

살아있는 세포에 Sod1 돌연변이 단백질 집계 형성의 높은 콘텐츠 정량화에 대 한 분석 결과 개발

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that can be caused by inherited mutations in the gene encoding copper-zinc ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to develop an assay for studying the effect of small molecules in modulating the aggregation of misfolded proteins in a time and dose dependent manner. This method can help answer the key questions for development of cellular assay, and it's use is for high-content screening techniques. The main advantage of this technique is to provide a simple method to detect and quantify protein aggregation occurring in several neurodegenerative disorders.The implication of this technique extends towards potential therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, because it proposes a simple method that allow to develop cellular assay and perform screening for small molecule moderators. To start virus production, prior to plasmid transfection split HEK-293 T-cells at 30 to 40%confluence in a 10 centimeter tissue culture dish and 10 milliliters of cell culture medium. Incubate the culture plate in a 5%carbon dioxide incubator at 37 degrees Celsius overnight.On the following day, prepare DNA transfection solution with packaging plasmids lentiviral vector, 125 microliters of one molar calcium chloride and add distilled water to adjust the volume to 500 microliters. Gently add 500 microliters of 0.05 molar HEPS buffer and incubate for 10 minutes at room temperature. After that, replace HEK-293 T-cell medium with 10 milliliters pre-warmed antibiotic-free fresh culture medium mixed with one milliliter of DNA transfection solution.Incubate at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide incubator over night. Replace cell supernatent with fresh culture medium on the following day and incubate again overnight. Finally, on the following day harvest the supernatent and transfer to a 15 milliliter tube.To remove the dead cells and debris, centrifuge the tube at 500 times g for five minutes. To further purify the supernatent, pass it through a 0.45 micrometer filter using a 60-milliliter syringe. Then, immediately dispense the filtered supernatent into 300-microliter single use aliquots.To prepare the cells for transduction, split them to be infected at 60%confluence in a six-well tissue culture plate in two milliliters of DMAM supplemented with 10%FBS. Incubate the cells in a 37-degree Celsius incubator at 5%carbon dioxide overnight. On the following day, thaw one aliquot of the frozen lentivirus on ice for each use.Meanwhile, warm the cell culture medium containing the serum compatible with the cell line of interest. Once the virus is fully thawed, dilute it in DMEM in new 1.5 milliliter micro-centrifuge tubes. Then adjust the volume to one milliliter with reduced serum medium.Next, add two microliters of polybrene to one milliliter of virus per medium and mix well by pipetting. Add one milliliter of this mixture to the cells and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours. After incubation, remove the virus containing medium and replace it with normal DMEM supplemented with 10%FBS and return the cells to the incubator.Monitor the cell growth and change the medium every two days When the cells reach confluence, expand each well of the six-well dish into a 10-centimeter tissue culture plate. Move the plates to the incubator. Finally, save 1.5 times 10 to the 4th cells per well and 50 microliters of DMEM on 384 well assay plates.Then check the expression level of the YFP-tagged protein under the microscope. If the expression shows signal-to-noise ratio equal or greater than three, prepare cell stock for the corresponding cell line. For the compound transfer, on a 384-well storage polypropylene plate, add serial dilutions of compounds by the standard one to three dilution series.Then, using a liquid handler equipped with a 384-capillary head, distribute 0.25 microliters of proteasome inhibitors on empty, flat-bottomed black 384-well assay plates. Then seed 1.5 times 10 to the 4th cells on these plates. Incubate at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 24 hours.Prior to imaging the cell line treated with proteasome inhibitors, add 10 microliters of pre-warmed DMEM with staining solution and incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes. After staining, start the automated microscope operating software by selecting the microscope tab. First, select the configuration tab and then select 20 times objective in the correct plate type.To allow proper focus with different plate types, make sure that the caller is set to the correct value on the objective. Next, select exposure one. Set focus height to zero micrometers, then select focus.Once it is focused, expose camera one. To optimize the exposure plane, adjust the focus height and click on take height. Change exposure times and laser power for a maximum pixel intensity of approximately 3000 and save exposure parameters.Select experiment definition tab, create a layout and sublayout. Next, drag and drop the relevant layout exposure, reference image, skew crop file, and sublayout. Then, save the experiment.Finally, select automatic experiment tab and acquire images. For two-channel images, first select the software algorithm to segment the primary objects, such as nuclei, cytosol, and aggregates. First, distribute 0.25 microliters of proteasome inhibitor dissolved in 100%DMSO or DMSO on 384-well flat-bottomed plates.On the same plate, manually seed 1.5 times 10 to the 4th cells per well in 50-microliters of DMEM. Then set up the microscope system environmental control unit to 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide. Operate the microscope in wide-field florescence mode and as software settings, choose LWD 20 times objective non-confocal mode, four fields per well, and capture interval of one hour.Then, select the appropriate algorithm to segment the primary object such as cytosol and aggregates. Adjust background threshold and contrast parameters if required. The tested cell lines transduced with SOD-1 wild type and SOD-1 A4V mutant remained healthy, showed high expression levels, and longterm wide phi-labeling irrespective of the SOD form.Treatment with proteasome inhibitor ALLN for 24 hours promoted the accumulation of SOD-1 A4V YFP aggregates in HEK-293 cells but not in SOD-1 Wild Type YFP transduced cells. Furthermore, there were very low levels of aggregation in U2 OS and SH-SY5Y cell lines SOD-1 A4V YFP transduced with the same vectors. After seeding the cells in the presence or absence of ALLN, they were monitored for aggregate formation for a period of 50 hours.ALLN aggregate formation reached a plateau at 24 hours and remained stable over the next 12 hours. Furthermore, cell density significantly decreased after 28 hours as a result of the cytotoxic effect of ALLN, while cell number increased in the DMSO-treated negative control. SOD-1 A4V YFP cells cultured in the presence of proteasome inhibitors for 24 hours were stained with Hoechst solution.The relative toxicity for three different proteasome inhibitors was quatified by measuring the number of adherent cell lines remaining in the well labeled with Hoechst dye. The total cell number decreased in response to increased dose of protease inhibitors. Inversely, the percentage of cells expressing SOD-1 A4V aggregates increased with the concentration of protease inhibitor.When doing this process it is important to remember that the cell quality will drastically influence your result. So it's important to determine that the cells are microplasma free and are healthy all along the steps. Following this process, another imaging method can be used in order to answer additional questions regarding the degradation of protein or the interaction of the protein with others using resonance energy transfer.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to generate the tools to test the fate of protein in multiple living cells using high-content image analysis. So this method can provide insight into protein aggregation as it occurs in simple cellular models. It can also be applied to other systems such as neuron differentiated from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells.

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