Name: laminotomy for lumbar dorsal root ganglion access and injection in swine
Uploaded: 2017-10-10T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine at JoVE.com

Die Studie wurde mit Unterstützung durch die Schulze-Familienstiftung (zu A.S.B.) durchgeführt.

alle hier beschriebene Methoden von der institutionellen Animal Care und Nutzung Committee (IACUC) der Mayo-Klinik genehmigt worden.
 1. Voraussetzungen der Präzision und Reproduzierbarkeit <ol><li>, strenge des Designs zu gewährleisten, befolgen die nationalen Standards der guten Laborpraxis Praktiken sind zu allen Zeiten und eine interne Genehmigung vom IACUC (oder ähnlichen Ausschuss) vor jedem Tier Beteiligung an Experimente. 
	Hinweis: Dieses Protokoll wurde entwickelt, um eine...

<ol>
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Wollten wir beschreiben eine Methode für die chirurgische Exposition der DRG über Laminotomie und intraganglionic Injektion in eine gesunde große Tierarten, insbesondere Schweine. Bei Nagetieren eine ähnliche Methode wurde von detailliertes 12 und verwendet, um konventionelle pharmakologische Agenten 8,10 und Virenvektoren 6,7,9,...

Dorsal Root Ganglien (DRG) sind anatomisch diskrete, neuronale Sammlungen befindet sich entlang der Wirbelsäule. Jede DRG enthält die primären sensorischen Neuronen, die kodieren und Relais periphere Stimuli auf das zentrale Nervensystem (ZNS) von bestimmten Körperregionen. Zum Beispiel beginnt der Schmerz von Osteoarthritis Schmerz-Rezeptoren liegt etwa eine gemeinsame Schmerzreize wahrnehmen. Dieser Vorgang wird Nozizeption bezeichnet. Langfristigen Sensibilisierung für Schmerzreize führt zu chronischen Schmerzen 1.
Chronische Schmerzen sind ein häufiges Thema der präklinischen Studie 2 , wo ein Ziel ist es, nützliche Methoden für die gezielte Gabe von Schmerzmitteln, DRG, z. B. intraganglionic Injektion 3zu entwickeln. Allerdings DRG sind schwer zugänglich, da sie innerhalb der boney Grenzen des intervertebralen Foramina 4befinden. Mehrere Gruppen haben dieses Hindernis durch den Einsatz von Wirbelsäulen-Chirurgie in Nagetieren 5,6,7,8,9,10erfolgreich überwinden.
In der Klinik Laminektomie ist eine gemeinsame Operation der Wirbelsäule und bezieht sich auf chirurgische Entfernung der Wirbelkörper Lamina, dadurch den Wirbelkanal 11Konvektion. Einbeziehung der Operationstechniken, DRG-Direktzugang zu leisten war erfolgreich in Nagetieren 5,12, Übersetzung kann jedoch unrealistisch angesichts Unterschiede in der Größe von relevanten Strukturen und Einflüsse, die Pharmakokinetik oder technische Machbarkeit 13,14. Beispielsweise ermittelt eine Studie den transversalen Rückenmark Durchmesser an T10 3.0, 7.0 und 8,2 mm für Ratte, Schwein und Mensch, bzw. 15sein. So Modelle großes Tier besser ungefähre menschlichen Dimensionen des nervösen Strukturen.
Bei Schweinen verwendet Raore Et Al. mehrstufige Laminektomie Zugang zu der zervikalen Rückenmark für mehrere intraspinal Injektionen 16. Das Verfahren wurde gut vertragen und führte zu einer Phase ich klinische Studie wo vergleichbare chirurgische Ergebnisse dokumentiert 17waren. Diese Ergebnisse ermutigen Weiternutzung von präklinischen große Tiermodellen als Prädiktoren der technischen Machbarkeit und Sicherheit beim Menschen.
Bislang existiert keine detaillierte Methodik für chirurgische Zugang und Injektion der DRG in einem großen Tierarten. Um dieser translationale Kluft zu verringern, berichten wir über ein Protokoll für die DRG-Belichtung und Injektion über Laminotomie bei Schweinen. Standard-neurochirurgische Techniken, Instrumente und Materialien wurden verwendet und die Methode wurde entwickelt, um die modernen chirurgischen Praxis zu imitieren. Wir zeigen intraganglionic Injektion mit einer wässrigen Lösung für Lendenwirbelsäule DRG und bestätigen Sie die erfolgreiche Lieferung per Histologie nach postoperativen Tag 21.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1311">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Large humane animal sling</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Britz &#38; Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">002539</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">Modified to include abdominal aperture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Adhesive patient return electrode - 9 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E7506</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Ranger blood &#38; fluid warming system</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">24500</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Lactated Ringer&#39;s fluid</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Hospira</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">0409-7953-09</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Force air warming device</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">77500</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:543px;">Duraprep solution with applicator, 26 ml (0.7% iodine povacrylex, 74% isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8630</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Sterile disposable surgical towels</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDT2168286</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Ioban 2 incise drape</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6651EZSB</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Disposable suction canister and tubing</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DYND44703H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Button switch electrosurgical monopolar pencil</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E2450H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Fine smooth straight bipolar electrosurgical forceps, 4 1/2 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bovie</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A826</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">#15 blade</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4-315</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">#11 blade</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4-311</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">4x4 surgical gauze</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dynarex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3262</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Weitlaner self-retaining retractor, 8 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Miltex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11-618</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Meyerding self-retaining retractor, 1x2 3/8 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">42-2078</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Gelpi self-retaining retractor, 7 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">60-6570</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Freer elevator, 5 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS4641518F</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Bone wax</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">W31G</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Spurling intervertebral disc rongeur, 3 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">42-2852</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Spurling 45-degree, up-biting Kerrison rongeur, 2 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS4052802</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Leksell angled rongeur, 2 mm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">40-4097</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Gelfoam, size 50</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AZL32301</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Cottonoid patty</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medtronic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8004007</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Frazier suction tip, 6 Fr</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-2006</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Frazier suction tip, 10 Fr</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sklar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-2010</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Dandy blunt right angle nerve hook</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS4005220</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Nylon suture, 6-0</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">697G</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Castroviejo smooth micro needle holder</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDG2428614</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">22 gauge Quinke point spinal needle</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Halyard Health</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18397</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:543px;">32 gauge CED needle with locking Luer hub</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">See comments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">As in: Pleticha, J., Maus, T.P., Christner, J.A., Marsh, M.P., Lee, K.H., Hooten, W.M., Beutler, A.S. Minimally invasive convection-enhanced delivery of biologics into dorsal root ganglia: validation in the pig model and prospective modeling in humans. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 121(4), 851-8 (2014).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Polyethylene tubing, 5 feet</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Scientific Commodities</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BB31695-PE/05</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Monoject syringe, 3 ml</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Kendall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SY15352</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">NanoJet syringe pump</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Chemyx</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10050</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D9542</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Fast Green FCF</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F7252</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Bulb irrigation syringe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DYND20125</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Fine-toothed Adson forceps</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MDS1000212</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Vicryl suture, 0</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J603H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Vicryl suture, 2-0</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J317H</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Needle counter</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC20FBRGS</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:543px;">Steri-strip skin closure, 1/2x4 inch</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R1547</td>
			<td style="width:484px;">-</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laminotomy for lumbar dorsal root ganglion access and injection in swine

Dorsal Root Ganglien (DRG) sind anatomisch gut definierte Strukturen, alle primäre sensorische Neuronen unter dem Kopf enthalten. Diese Tatsache macht DRG attraktive Ziele für die Injektion von neuer Therapeutika zur Behandlung von chronischen Schmerzen. In kleiner Tiermodelle wurde Laminektomie zur DRG-Injektion zu erleichtern, weil es chirurgische Entfernung der vertebralen Knochen rund um jede DRG beinhaltet. Wir zeigen eine Technik für die intraganglionic Injektion von lumbalen DRG in eine große Tierarten, nämlich Schweine. Laminotomie wird durchgeführt, um direkten Zugriff auf DRG mit standard neurochirurgische Techniken, Instrumente und Materialien. Verglichen mit umfangreicher Knochenentfernung über Laminektomie, implementieren wir Laminotomie um Wirbelsäule Anatomie zu sparen, während ausreichenden DRG Zugang zu erreichen. Intraoperative Fortschritt der DRG-Injektion wird unter Verwendung eines ungiftigen Farbstoffs überwacht. Nach Euthanasie am postoperativen Tag 21 bestimmt der Erfolg der Injektion Histologie für den intraganglionic Vertrieb von 4', 6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole (DAPI). Wir injizieren eine biologisch inaktive Lösung um das Protokoll zu demonstrieren. Diese Methode könnte angewandte in Zukunft präklinischen Studien zum Ziel therapeutischen Lösungen für DRG. Unsere Methodik sollte erleichtern testen die Übersetzbarkeit von intraganglionic kleine Tier Paradigmen in einem großen Tierarten. Darüber hinaus kann dieses Protokoll als eine wichtige Ressource für die Planung von präklinischen Studien der DRG-Injektion bei Schweinen dienen.

Histologische Beurteilung der Injectate Ausbreitung Erfolgreiche Durchführung der Injectate, DRG richtet sich nach histologischen Beurteilung des DAPI verbreiten. Bei dieser Technik wird die Nadelspitze in der dreidimensionalen Mitte der DRG Positionierung. Daher wird erfolgreiche Zustellung bestimmt durch das Ausmaß der DAPI-Färbung von histologischen Abschnitten beide in der Nähe (zentrale DRG Abschnitte) und fernen (periphere DRG Abschnitte) an der Spitze der Nadel auswerten. <strong class="xfi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine at JoVE.com

Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine

Wir beschreiben eine Methode zur Laminotomie bei Schweinen, die Zugang zu LWS Dorsal Root Ganglien (DRG) für die intraganglionic Injektion. Intraoperativ und histologisch bestätigt bis zu 21 Tage nach der Operation Injektion Fortschritte überwacht. Dieses Protokoll kann für zukünftige präklinischen Studien mit DRG-Injektion verwendet werden.

Laminotomie LWS Dorsal Root Ganglion-Zugriff und Injektion bei Schweinen

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are anatomically well defined structures that contain all primary sensory neurons below the head. This fact makes DRG attractive ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to provide surgical access of a lumbar dorsal root ganglion in swine for intraganglionic injection of a solution using a convection-enhanced delivery needle. This method can help answer key questions in the basic and translational neuroscience fields regarding the effect of a new drug on DRG cells when delivered directly to DRG parenchyma. The main advantage of this technique is that it provides the necessary technical data to confirm that a solution was successfully delivered to DRG and to compare results between biological replicates.This technique will be the reference standard for intraganglionic delivery. The ultimate goal is image-guided delivery. With this reference standard, we can uniquely characterize the therapeutic efficacy of the agents and the delivery efficiency.Anesthetize a swine for surgery and then position it in a modified large humane animal sling with a padded abdominal aperture. Ensure that the metal parts are padded to avoid creating short circuits. To prepare the skin overlying the lumbar spine, scrub the region according to the manufacturer's instructions using a liberal amount of solution.Continue the surgical scrub towards the midline coronal plane past the marked transverse processes using the same technique. Next, place surgical towels neatly around the incision site over the midline along the marked lumbar spinous processes. Then, drape the entire region well beyond the periphery of the operative site.Once fully prepared for the surgery, start by using a number-15 scalpel to open an eight to 12 centimeter midline sagittal incision through the incise drape directly posterior to the spinous processes. Maintain hemostasis using gauze tamponades and monopolar electrosurgery. Next, use monopolar electrosurgery to dissect the subcutaneous tissue and fat overlying the thoracal lumbar fascia.Next, palpate the spinous processes deep to the thoracal lumbar fascia and cut the fascia along the midline to expose the supraspinous ligament spanned between the spinous processes. At this point, the incision may be lengthened in either direction to make three spinous processes are fully visible. Now, make a two-millimeter-deep parasagittal incision through the supraspinous ligament posterior to each spinous process using a number-15 blade.Make the incisions along the left third of the posterior surface of the spinous processes. Then, use a five-millimeter Freer elevator to gently release the supraspinous ligament at each level along each incision. Now, identify the subperiosteal plane and dissect within that plane along the lateral surface of each spinous process.Then, perform three subperiosteal dissections in a parallel fashion to make a gentle and even dissection. Next, identify the lamina at each level and perform a subperiosteal dissection laterally. Extend the dissection to the lateral border of the two zygapophyseal joints that connect the three exposed vertebrate into the lateral edge of the lamina between the joints.This lamina is the pars interarticularis. It demarks the posterior border of the intervertebral foramen where the DRG reside. With care, use a five-millimeter Freer elevator or curette to palpate the transition between the caudal-most edge of the lamina and central canal.Do not force the elevator anterior. Next, using rongeurs, extract bone in a piecewise fashion. Remove bone along the base of the spinous process superiorly to a level just caudal to the caudal surface of the pedicle and out laterally to its full extent.Expose the smooth shiny periosteum in full. Cut with a number-11 blade and expose epidural fat. Leave the inferior articular process that was connected to the lamina in place for most of the laminotomy.Then, remove the inferior articular process in a piecewise fashion, but leave the adjoining superior articular process intact. Now, dissect the DRG with the aid of loop magnification or a dissecting microscope. First, evacuate the epidural fat in a piecewise fashion beginning medially and proceeding laterally.Make a gentle dissection with bipolar forceps and suction via six to 10 French Frazier suction tips. Next, identify the dural sac along the midline running in a superior inferior direction parallel to the axis of the skin incision. Then, remove epidural fat along the dural sac until the dural sac can be seen to give rise to the dural nerve root sleeve.Now, continuing the epidural fat evacuation, trace the dural sleeve laterally and inferiorly until it is seen to enlarge around the DRG. The DRG is oval and yellow-orange about four to six millimeters wide. Proceed laterally with the fat removal past the DRG until the adjoining spinal nerve is seen.Use a 22-gauge spinal needle to guide the trajectory of a 32-gauge CED needle. Puncture the guide needle through the skin and paraspinal muscles. Very carefully, aim the guide needle along a trajectory that approximates the longitudinal access of the DRG.Gradually advance the guide needle until the tip emerges from the lateral paraspinal wall of the dissection field. Then, advance the guide needle along its long axis to approximate the CED needle tip to the DRG. Now, puncture the DRG with the CED needle tip and submerse the tip into the three-dimensional center of the DRG.It is critical to again consider the unique size and shape of the exposed DRG. The goal is to achieve a smooth puncture and submerge the needle tip to reach the DRG's three-dimensional center without overshooting or missing your mark. Now, deliver 100 microliters of injectate by CED at a graduated rate over the next 24 minutes.After the last step, a three-minute rest, withdraw the injection apparatus along its long axis in a smooth, gentle motion. Finally, close the surgical site as described in the text protocol. After closure, clean the skin and apply adhesive bandage strips perpendicular to the incision followed by gauze, and then an adhesive antimicrobial drape.Successful delivery of the injectate into the DRG can be assessed histologically by examination. Ideally, the DAPI seen in blue will eventually distribute outwards in all directions. When an injection is successful, DAPI is evenly dispersed through both the central and peripheral DRG parenchyma seen in red.When the injection is suboptimal, the staining will be inconsistent. For instance, there will be minimal staining or focal staining along the outer rim, but none in the inner aspect of the DRG parenchyma. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember, start small and go slowly.You can always widen the laminotomy later on in dissection but you can never put bone back.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Dorsal Root Ganglia Tissue following Axonal Injury

Chromatin Immunopräzipitation aus Spinalganglien Tissue folgende axonale Schädigung

Axons in the central nervous system (CNS) do not regenerate while those in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) do regenerate 
to a limited extent after ...

Forschung

Neurowissenschaften

Genetic Study of Axon Regeneration with Cultured Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Genetic Study of Axonregeneration mit kultivierten adulten Spinalganglienneuronen

It is well known that mature neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate their axons after injuries due to diminished intrinsic ability ...

Measuring Spinal Presynaptic Inhibition in Mice By Dorsal Root Potential Recording In Vivo

Measuring Spinal Presynaptic Inhibition in Mice By Dorsal Root Potential Recording In Vivo

Mess Spinal Präsynaptische Hemmung bei Mäusen durch Spinalgan Mögliche Aufnahme<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Presynaptic inhibition is one of the most powerful inhibitory mechanisms in the spinal cord. The underlying physiological mechanism is a depolarization of ...

In Vitro Modeling of Cancerous Neural Invasion: The Dorsal Root Ganglion Model

In Vitro Modeling of Cancerous Neural Invasion: The Dorsal Root Ganglion Model

In - vitro - Modellierung von Cancerous Neural Invasion: The Dorsalwurzelganglion Modell

One way that solid tumors disseminate is through neural invasion. This route is well-known in cancers of the head and neck, prostate, and pancreas. These ...

An Approach to Enhance Alignment and Myelination of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Ein Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Ausrichtung und Myelinisierung von Dorsalwurzelganglion Neurons

Axon regeneration is a chaotic process due largely to unorganized axon alignment. Therefore, in order for a sufficient number of regenerated axons to ...

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration

Dorsalwurzelganglion Injection und dorsale Wurzel Quetschverletzungen als Modell für Sensory Axonregeneration

Achieving axon regeneration after nervous system injury is a challenging task. As different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) differ from each ...

Analysis of Immune Cells in Single Sciatic Nerves and Dorsal Root Ganglion from a Single Mouse Using Flow Cytometry

Analyse von Immunzellen in einzelnen Ischias Nerven und Dorsal Root Ganglion aus einem einzigen Mausklick mit Durchflusszytometrie

Nerve-resident immune cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential to maintaining neuronal integrity in a healthy nerve. The immune cells of ...

Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion

Investigating Mammalian Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Electroporation of Adult Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion

Ermittelnden Säugetier-Axon Regeneration: In Vivo Elektroporation von Erwachsenen Maus Dorsal Root Ganglion

Electroporation is an essential non-viral gene transfection approach to introduce DNA plasmids or small RNA molecules into cells. A sensory neuron in the ...

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure

Verwendung von In Vivo Single-Faser-Aufnahme und intakten DorsalWurzel Ganglion mit angeschlossenem Ischiasnerv, um den Mechanismus des Leitungsversagens zu untersuchen

Single-fiber recording has been a classical and effective electrophysiological technique over the last few decades because of its specific application for ...

Rapid Isolation of Dorsal Root Ganglion Macrophages

Schnelle Isolierung von Dorsalwurzel Ganglion Makrophagen

There are growing interests to study the molecular and cellular interactions among immune cells and sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia after ...