Name: an array-based comparative genomic hybridization platform for efficient detection of copy number variations in fast neutron-induced medicago truncatula mutants
Uploaded: 2017-11-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutant

Finansiering av dette arbeidet tilbys i en del av en bevilgning fra NSF anlegget Genome Research (IOS-1127155).

Merk: figur 1 viser de fem trinnene for matrisen CGH-protokollen. De er: 1) forberedelse av plantemateriale; 2) isolering av høy kvalitet DNA-prøver; 3) merking og rensing av DNA-prøver; 4) hybridisering, vask og skanning av hele genomet matriser; og 5) CGH dataanalyse. M. truncatula hele genomet fliser matriser inneholder totalt 971,041 unike oligo sonder målretting mer enn 50 000 gener eller genet modeller i genomet (se tabell over materialer). Unik sonder f...

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Vi har utviklet en matrise-basert CGH plattform av karakteristikk av rask Nøytron-bombardement (FNB)-indusert mutanter i M. truncatula cv. Jemalong A17. For å demonstrere bruk av matrisen CGH metoden oppdage genet mutasjoner, utført vi aCGH analyse av muterte FN6191, som viste en hyper-nodulation fenotypen i motsetning til vill type planter, når inokulert med S. meliloti Sm1021. For segmentering analyse, ble et segment ansett betydelig hvis loggen2 forholdet mener av sonder i segmentet va...

Belgfrukter (Fabaceae) er den tredje største planter, med mange økonomisk viktigste arter som soyabønner (Glycine max) og alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Belgfrukt-planter kan samhandle med nitrogen-innfesting jord bakterier, vanligvis kalt Rhizobia å utvikle rot knuter der den stemningsfulle dinitrogen er redusert til ammoniakk for bruk av næringsplanten. Som sådan, dyrking av Belgfrukt avlinger krever litt input av nitrogen gjødsel og dermed bidrar til bærekraftig jordbruk. Belgfrukt avlinger produsere blader og frø med høye proteininnhold, serverer utmerket grovfôr og korn avlinger. Men har dyrket Belgfrukt arter generelt komplekse genomet strukturer, gjør funksjonelle studier av gener som spiller nøkkelroller i Belgfrukt-spesifikke prosesser tungvint. Medicago truncatula er allment vedtatt som modell Art for Belgfrukt studier hovedsakelig fordi (1) det har et diploide genom relativt liten haploid genomet størrelse (~ 550 Mbp); (2) planter kan forvandles stabilt for genet funksjonelle studier; og (3) det er nært knyttet til alfalfa (M. sativa), dronningen av forages og mange andre økonomisk viktigste avlinger for translational studier. Nylig det Genova orden M. truncatula cv Jemalong A17 har vært utgitt1,2. Merknad i genomet viser at det er mer enn 50.000 spådd gener eller genet modeller i genomet. For å bestemme funksjonen av de fleste av genene i M. truncatula er genom en utfordrende oppgave. For å lette funksjonelle studier av gener, en omfattende samling av mutanter mellom over 150 000 M1 linjene er generert ved hjelp av rask neutron bombardement (FNB) mutagenese i M. truncatula cv Jemalong A173 ,4. Rask neutron, en høy energi ionisering mutagen, har vært brukt i generere mutanter i mange plantearter inkludert Arabidopsis5,6, ris (Oryza sativa)7, tomat (Solanum lycopersicum), soyabønner (Glycine soja; G. max)8,9, bygg (Hordeum vulgare) og Lotus japonicus10. En stor del av mutasjoner avledet fra FNB mutagenese leies DNA slettinger som varierer i størrelse fra noen base parene til mega base parene9,11. Mange fenotypen-assosiert gener har blitt identifisert og preget4,12,13,14,15,16, 17 , 18 , 19. tidligere molekylær kloning av underliggende gener fra FNB mutanter lettelse opp på en kart-basert tilnærming som er tidkrevende og begrenser antall mutanter å være preget på molekylært nivå. Nylig flere gratis tilnærminger inkludert transkripsjon-baserte metoder, genomet flislegging matrise-basert sammenlignende genomisk hybridisering (CGH) for DNA kopi nummer variant gjenkjenning og hele genomet sekvensering, har vært ansatt å lette den karakteristikk av sletting mutanter i ulike organismer inkludert dyr og planter20,21,22,23,24,25, 26,,27,,28,,29,,30,,31.
For å lette karakterisering av FNB mutanter i M. truncatula, en hel-genome matrise-basert sammenlignende genomisk hybridisering (CGH) er plattform utviklet og godkjent. Som rapportert i dyr systemer, tillater matrise-basert CGH plattformen påvisning av kopi nummer variasjoner (CNVs) på hele genomet nivå i M. truncatula FNB mutanter. Videre lesjoner kan bekreftes av PCR og sletting grenser kan identifiseres ved sekvensering. Samlet er matrise CGH plattformen effektive for identifisere lesjoner i M. truncatula FNB mutanter. Her, er matrise CGH framgangsmåten og PCR karakteristikk av sletting grenser i en M. truncatula FNB mutant illustrert.
Følgende protokollen gir eksperimentell trinn og informasjon om reagenser, utstyr og verktøy for forskere som er interessert i å utføre hele genomet matrise-basert sammenlignende genomisk hybridisering (CGH) analyse av antall kopier variasjoner i planter. Som et eksempel, ble Medicago truncatula FN6191 mutant brukt til å identifisere sletting regioner og kandidat gener tilknyttet mutant fenotyper. M. truncatula FN6191 mutant, opprinnelig isolert fra en rask neutron bombardement-indusert sletting mutant samling32 (se Tabell for materiale), viste en hyper-nodulation fenotypen etter vaksinering med jord bakterie, Sihorhizobium meliloti Sm1021, i motsetning til vill type planter.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Medicago truncatula genome array, 1 x 1 M</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>G4123A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medicago truncatula FN6191 (mutant)</td>
			<td>In house</td>
			<td>FN6191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medicago truncatula Jemalong A17 (reference)</td>
			<td>In house</td>
			<td>A17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>320501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNeasy Plant Mini Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>69104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nanodrop Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>1000D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SureTag DNA Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5190-3400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Random primer</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5190-3399</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>271004-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocycler</td>
			<td>MJ research</td>
			<td>PTC-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Labnet international Inc</td>
			<td>Spectrafuge 24D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stabilization and Drying Solution</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5185-5979</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oligo aCGH/ChIP-on-chip Hybridization Kit</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5188-5380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Chamber gasket slides</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>G2505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Cot-1 DNA</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5190-3393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oligo aCGH/ChIP-on-chip Wash Buffer 1 and 2</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5188-5221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Chamber, stainless</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>G2534A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization oven</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>G2545A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Purification Columns</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>5190-3391</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laser scanner</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>MS200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NimbleScan 2.6</td>
			<td>Roche Nimblegen</td>
			<td>5225035001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Signal Map 1.9</td>
			<td>Roche Nimblegen</td>
			<td>Signalmap1.9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an array-based comparative genomic hybridization platform for efficient detection of copy number variations in fast neutron-induced medicago truncatula mutants

Mutanter er uvurderlig genetiske ressurser for gen funksjon studier. Vil generere mutant samlinger, utnyttes tre typer mutagener, inkludert biologisk som T-DNA eller transposon, kjemiske som ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) eller fysisk som ionisering stråling. Typen mutasjon observert varierer avhengig av mutagen brukes. For ionisering stråling indusert mutanter inkluderer mutasjoner sletting, kopiering eller omorganisering. Mens T-DNA eller transposon-baserte mutagenese er begrenset til arter som er utsatt for transformasjon, kan kjemisk eller fysisk mutagenese brukes til en rekke arter. Imidlertid er karakterisering av mutasjoner avledet fra kjemiske eller fysisk mutagenese tradisjonelt avhengig av en kart-basert kloning tilnærming som er arbeidsintensiv og tidkrevende. Her viser vi at en høy tetthet genomet matrise-basert sammenlignende genomisk hybridisering (aCGH) plattform kan brukes for å effektivt oppdage og karakterisere kopi nummer variasjoner (CNVs) i mutanter avledet fra rask neutron bombardement (FNB) mutagenese i Medicago truncatula, Belgfrukt art. Hele genomet sekvens analyse viser at det er mer enn 50 000 gener eller genet modeller i M. truncatula. I dag, Soccer-indusert mutanter i M. truncatula er avledet fra mer enn 150.000 M1 linjer, som representerer uvurderlig genetiske ressurser for funksjonell studier av gener i genomet. Den aCGH plattformen beskrevet her er et effektivt verktøy for å karakterisere FNB-indusert mutanter i M. truncatula.

Figur 2 viser fordelingen av normalisert Logg2 prosenter av mutant versus WT signaler over hele genomet. Analyse av CGH data viste en omtrentlig 22 kb sletting på Kromosom 4 som omfatter hele SUNN genet33 og flere andre kommenterte gener i FN6191 mutant (figur 2, Figur 3). Kandidaten slettede regionen var dekket av 73 påfølgende sonder på matrisen med m...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutant

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Denne protokollen gir eksperimentell trinn og informasjon om reagenser, utstyr og verktøy for forskere som er interessert i å utføre hele genomet matrise-basert sammenlignende genomisk hybridisering (CGH) analyse av kopi nummer variasjoner i planter.

En matrise-basert sammenlignende Genomic hybridisering plattform for effektiv påvisning av kopi nummer variasjoner i rask Neutron-indusert Medicago truncatula mutanter

Mutants are invaluable genetic resources for gene function studies. To generate mutant collections, three types of mutagens can be utilized, including ...

The overall goal of this array-based comparative genomic hybridization protocol is to rapidly identify copy number variations in fast neutron bombardment induced mutants of the legume plant Medicago truncatula. This method helps to answer key questions in the field of legume biology. Such as, facilitating identification of empathogens on low site involved in regulating nodule development in legumes.The main advantage of this technique is that it is of highest repute and sensitive in detecting copy number variations such as deletion mutations in the neutron bombardment mutants of the legume plant Medicago truncatula. Demonstrating this procedure will be myself, and Hongcheng Wang, Host Doctor Fellows from Genetic Lab. Quickly freeze one gram of young leaf tissue collected from single plants in liquid nitrogen.Then, use a mortar and pestle and grind the frozen leaf tissue to fine powder within the liquid nitrogen. Extract the wild type and mutant genomic DNA samples from the fine powder using a DNA isolation kit. Use 500 microliter centrifuge tubes to dilute one microgram of each wild type and mutant genomic DNAs with double distilled water to a final volume of 20 microliters.Then, add five microliters of random primer to the centrifuge tubes. Quickly vortex the tubes, and after a quick spin down place them in a thermocycler for 10 minutes to denature the DNA samples at 98 degrees Celsius. After 10 minutes remove the tubes from the thermocycler, and instantly place them on ice water for five minutes.Then, prepare two labeling mixes and add 25 microliters of labeling mix as one and two to the wild type and mutant DNA tubes respectively. Pipette the DNA and the labeling mix three times, and then briefly spin the tubes. After spinning, incubate the tubes in the thermocycler at 37 degrees Celsius for two hours, and then at 65 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes to inactivate the exo Klenow enzyme.Then, add 430 microliters of One X TE Buffer, and mix the contents in each tube. Next, briefly spin the tubes and transfer the solution in the tubes to purification columns with two milliliter collection tubes. Centrifuge the purification columns at 14, 000 times G for 10 minutes and discard the flow through.Add 480 microliters of One X TE Buffer to each column, and again centrifuge at 14, 000 times G for 10 minutes. Discard the flow through. Transfer each of the wild type and mutant labeled DNAs from the bottom of the column to new centrifuge tubes.After measuring the volume of each of the labeled DNAs with the pipette adjust the final volume to 80 microliters with One X TE Buffer, then measure the concentration of the labeled DNAs in a spectrophotometer. Next, mix equivalent volumes of mutant and wild type DNAs to hybridize probes on a micro array chip for comparative hybridization. Bring the final volume to 160 microliters with One X TE Buffer.Next, prepare the hybridization solution and pipette it three times to mix three agents well with mixed DNA. After briefly spinning the tubes incubate them in a thermocycler at 98 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes, and at 37 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes. Remember to set the temperature to 67 degrees Celsius to preheat the hybridization oven four hours before hybridization.Then, place a gasket slide on the base of the hybridization chamber and load 490 microliters of the hybridization solution onto it after 20 minutes of incubation at 37 degrees Celsius in the thermocycler. To form the hybridization chamber cover the gasket slide with Medicago truncatula genome micro array chip, then cover the hybridization chamber and securely tighten it with the clamps. Incubate the assembled hybridization chamber in the hybridization oven at 67 degrees Celsius for 40 to 48 hours.Meanwhile, prepare two slide washing dishes with 250 milliliters of Washing Buffer One kept at room temperature. Then, make one slide washing dish with Washing Buffer Two kept at 37 degrees Celsius. Then, prepare one slide washing jar with 70 milliliters of acetonitrile, and another slide washing jar with 70 milliliters of stabilization and drawing solution.Place both the slide washing jars in a fume hood at room temperature. After incubation remove the hybridization chamber from the hybridization oven and loosen the chamber clamps to open the cover. Then, remove the micro array chip in the gasket slide and place them on slide washing dish with Wash Buffer One.Isolate the micro array chip from the cover slide. Next, transfer the micro array chip to the second slide washing dish with Wash Buffer One. Using a stir bar, gently stir the solution on a magnetic stir plate at room temperature for five minutes.Place the micro array chip on the slide washing dish with pre-warmed Washing Buffer Two, then stir with the stir bar to wash the solution at 37 degrees Celsius for one minute. Remove the micro array chip and place it in the acetonitrile containing slide washing jar in a fume hood to wash for 30 seconds. Transfer the micro array chip to the slide washing jar with stabilization and drying solution and wash again for 30 seconds.Carefully remove the chip and dry for one minute inside the fume hood. Scan the micro array chip using a scanner under two micrometer resolutions. A signal mapping software was used as an interface to analyze the distribution of normalized log two ratios of mutant versus wild type signals across eight chromosomes.For putative deletions value of log two ratio equal to or less than minus two point five standard deviation is considered. Segmentation analysis of the software demonstrates an estimated 22 kilobase deletion region on chromosome four shown in the graph. Analysis of the deletion borders flanked by the micro array probes show a reduced mean normalized log two ratio.The graph also shows six other annotated genes including the son gene encompassing the deleted region. Son gene is responsible for controlling nodulation in Metecago truncatula. Next, PCR amplification done to confirm the deletion borders shows a one point five kilobase product amplified from FN6191 mutant, but not in the wild type.DNA sequencing was done to show the deletion junction in FN6191 mutant shown in the black arrow. Sequencing was also done that confirmed the location of the deletion borders. Once mastered, this technique can be completed in 72 hours if it is performed properly.To obtain high quality data, remember to keep the ozone concentration low in the room where performing the procedure. Following this procedure, other measures such as polymerase chain reactions of all genome sequencing can be performed to answer additional questions like the size and the copy number variations in the genome. Event and validation of this technique has paved the way for researchers to explore copy number variation they induce to mutants and the natural variants in plant species that are not amenable to insertional mutagenesis such as Garden P.Don't forget that working with acetonitrile, stabilization and drying solution can be extremely hazardous.Precautions, such as wearing eye proctection, avoiding direct contact with the agents, and working careful is absolutely essential.

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An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

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