Name: synthesis and evaluation of a ruthenium-based mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor
Uploaded: 2017-10-26T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor at JoVE.com

Bu araştırma Cornell Üniversitesi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bu eser Cornell Merkezi malzemeleri araştırma paylaşılan Tesisatı, NSF MRSEC programı (Grant DMR-1120296) ile desteklenen için kullanın yaptı. S.R.N. destek bir NSF yüksek lisans araştırma bursu (Grant DGE - 1650441) ve Dr Dave Holowka kalsiyum deneyler hakkında yardım almak için kabul eder. Herhangi bir görüş, bulgular ve sonuç ya da öneriler bu malzeme ifade yazarlar (s) ve mutlaka Ulusal Bilim Vakfı görüşlerini yansıtmamaktadır.

Not: Konsantre asitler ve bazlar bu sentezinde kullanılır. Mühendislik kontrolleri (duman hood) ve koruyucu gözlük, eldiven, önlük, tam uzunlukta pantolon ve kapalı-toe ayakkabı da dahil olmak üzere kişisel koruyucu ekipman (PPE) kullanımı gibi tepki yerine getirirken tüm uygun güvenlik uygulamaları kullanın.
 1. hazırlanması [(OH 2) (NH 3) 4 Ru (μ-O) Ru (NH 3) 4 (OH 2)] Cl 5 <ol><li>sentez [Ru (NH 3</su...

<ol>
	<li>De Stefani, D., Rizzuto, R., Pozzan, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enjoy+the+trip:+Calcium+in+mitochondria+back+and+forth.">Enjoy the trip: Calcium in mitochondria back and forth.</a> Annu. Rev. Biochem. 85, 161-192 (2016).</li><li>Contreras, L., Drago, I., Zampese, E., Pozzan, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondria:+the+calcium+connection.">Mitochondria: the calcium connection.</a> Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1797 (6-7), 607-618 (2010).</li><li>Giorgi, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+calcium+homeostasis+as+potential+target+for+mitochondrial+medicine.">Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis as potential target for mitochondrial medicine.</a> Mitochondrion. 12 (1), 77-85 (2012).</li><li>De Stefani, D., Raffaello, A., Teardo, E., Szab&#242;, I., Rizzuto, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+forty-kilodalton+protein+of+the+inner+membrane+is+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">A forty-kilodalton protein of the inner membrane is the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nature. 476 (7360), 336-340 (2011).</li><li>Baughman, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrative+genomics+identifies+MCU+as+an+essential+component+of+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">Integrative genomics identifies MCU as an essential component of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nature. 476 (7360), 341-356 (2011).</li><li>Kamer, K. J., Mootha, V. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+era+of+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">The molecular era of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 16 (9), 545-553 (2015).</li><li>Ying, W. -. L., Emerson, J., Clarke, M. J., Sanadi, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+mitochondrial+calcium+ion+transport+by+an+oxo-bridged+dinuclear+ruthenium+ammine+complex.">Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium ion transport by an oxo-bridged dinuclear ruthenium ammine complex.</a> Biochemistry. 30 (20), 4949-4952 (1991).</li><li>Emerson, J., Clarke, M. J., Ying, W. -. L., Sanadi, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+component+of+"ruthenium+red"+responsible+for+inhibition+of+mitochondrial+calcium+ion+transport.+Spectra,+electrochemistry,+and+aquation+kinetics.+Crystal+structure+of+&#181;-O-[(HCO2)(NH3)4Ru]2Cl3.">The component of "ruthenium red" responsible for inhibition of mitochondrial calcium ion transport. Spectra, electrochemistry, and aquation kinetics. Crystal structure of &#181;-O-[(HCO2)(NH3)4Ru]2Cl3.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115 (25), 11799-11805 (1993).</li><li>Matlib, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen-bridged+Dinuclear+Ruthenium+Amine+Complex+Specifically+Inhibits+Ca2++Uptake+into+Mitochondria+in+Vitro+and+in+Situ+in+Single+Cardiac+Myocytes.">Oxygen-bridged Dinuclear Ruthenium Amine Complex Specifically Inhibits Ca2+ Uptake into Mitochondria in Vitro and in Situ in Single Cardiac Myocytes.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 273 (17), 10223-10231 (1998).</li><li>Oxenoid, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Architecture+of+the+mitochondrial+calcium+uniporter.">Architecture of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.</a> Nature. 533 (7602), 269-273 (2016).</li><li>Nathan, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+Methods+for+the+Preparation+of+a+Functional+Analogue+of+Ru360,+a+Potent+Inhibitor+of+Mitochondrial+Calcium+Uptake.">Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of a Functional Analogue of Ru360, a Potent Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake.</a> Inorg Chem. 56 (6), 3123-3126 (2017).</li><li>Allen, A. D., Senoff, C. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+infrared+spectra+of+some+ammine+complexes+of+ruthenium(II)+and+ruthenium(III).">Preparation and infrared spectra of some ammine complexes of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III).</a> Can. J. Chem. 45 (12), 1337-1341 (1967).</li><li>Murphy, A. N., Bredesen, D. E., Cortopassi, G., Wang, E., Fiskum, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bcl-2+potentiates+the+maximal+calcium+uptake+capacity+of+neural+cell+mitochondria.">Bcl-2 potentiates the maximal calcium uptake capacity of neural cell mitochondria.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93 (18), 9893-9898 (1996).</li><li>Deak, A. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+mitochondrial+Ca&#8314;+uptake.">Assessment of mitochondrial Ca&#8314; uptake.</a> Meth. Molec. Biol. 1264, 421-439 (2015).</li></ol>

Mitokondrial kalsiyum alımını inhibitörü [(OH2) (NH3)4(μ-O) Ru Ru (NH3)4(OH2)] Cl5 sentezlenmiş [Ru (NH3)5Cl] Cl2, iyi bilinen bir ruthenium(III) olabilir malzeme, bu yordamda açıklandığı gibi başladı. [Ru (NH3)5Cl] Cl2 sentezi kolayca küçük zorlukla elde edilir. 16 h için RuCl3 hidrazin içinde karıştırma sonra hidrat, çözüm pH HCl ile 2 değeri...

Mitokondrial kalsiyum enerji üretimi ve Apoptozis dahil olmak üzere normal hücre işlevi için kritik süreçlerin bir dizi için anahtar bir düzenleyicisidir. 1 , 2 , 3 mitokondrial kalsiyum uniporter (MCU), iç mitokondrial membran üzerinde bulunduğu bir iyon taşıyıcı protein kalsiyum iyonları akını mitokondri düzenlemektedir. 4 , 5 , 6 MCU kimyasal inhibitörleri çalışmaları bu taşıma protein ve mitokondrial kalsiyum hücresel roller ve işlev çalışmaya devam değerli araçlardır. Bileşik [(HCO2) (NH3)4(μ-O) Ru Ru (NH3)4(O2CH)]3 +, Ru360, MCU bildirilen Kd değeri olan 24 µM.7 için tek bilinen seçici inhibitörleri biridir Bu karmaşık ortak bir kirlilik ticari formülasyonları ve rutenyum kırmızı (RuRed), bir triruthenium di-μ-oxo bulunan ,8,9,10 köprü hexacation Formula [(NH3) 5 Aynı zamanda kalsiyum alımını inhibitörü olarak kullanılan (μ-O) Ru Ru (NH3)4(μ-O) Ru (NH3)5)]6 +. Ru360 ticari olarak mevcut olmasına rağmen çok pahalıya mal olur. Ayrıca, sentez ve Ru360 yalıtım, meydan zor arıtma işlemleri ve belirsiz karakterizasyon yöntemleri tarafından.
Son zamanlarda bir Ru360 analog, [(OH2) (NH3)4(μ-O) Ru Ru (NH3)4(OH2)] Cl5erişmek için alternatif prosedürler bildirdin. 11 bu bileşik ile yüksek afinite, Ru360 için benzer MCU engeller. Bu protokol için [Ru (NH3)5Cl] Cl2den başlar bizim en etkili sentezi olan bu bileşik anlatacağız. Arıtma kesinlikle asidik katyon değişim reçine kullanarak ürün ile birlikte ortak tuzaklar bu yordam için detaylı. Ayrıca, karakterizasyonu ve bileşik saflık değerlendirme yöntemleri sunmak ve mitokondrial kalsiyum alımını engelleme onun etkinliğini test etmek için basit bir yaklaşım betimlemek.

<table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:663pt" width="884">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="23" style="height:17.25pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="23" style="width:182pt;height:17.25pt" width="243">Ruthenium Trichloride hydrate</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">Pressure Chemical</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">3750</td>
			<td class="xl70" style="width:125pt" width="167"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Concentrated hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">J.T. Baker</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">9535</td>
			<td class="xl70"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="22" style="width:182pt;height:16.5pt" width="243">Concentrated ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:227pt" width="302">Mallinckrodt Chemical Works</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:129pt" width="172">A669C-2 1</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="24" style="width:182pt;height:18.0pt" width="243">Dowex 50 WX2 200-400 Mesh</td>
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			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">13945</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="25" style="width:182pt;height:18.75pt" width="243">Calcium Green 5N</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">Invitrogen</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">C3737</td>
			<td class="xl70"></td>
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		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Digitonin</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl71" style="width:129pt" width="172">260746</td>
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		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">DMSO</td>
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			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">471267</td>
			<td class="xl70"></td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">EGTA</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">E3889</td>
			<td class="xl70"></td>
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		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">KCl</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">USB</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">20598</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">KH2PO4</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">P3786</td>
			<td class="xl70"></td>
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		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">MgCl2</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:227pt" width="302">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">M33-500</td>
			<td class="xl70"></td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">HEPES</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="22" style="width:182pt;height:16.5pt" width="243">Sodium Succinate</td>
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			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">33386</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="22" style="width:182pt;height:16.5pt" width="243">EDTA</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">J.T. Baker</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">8993-01</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Glucose</td>
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			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">G5000</td>
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			<td class="xl69" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">200 Round bottom flask</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:227pt" width="302">ChemGlass</td>
			<td class="xl75">CG-1506-14</td>
			<td class="xl74" style="width:125pt" width="167"></td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Glass stopper</td>
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			<td class="xl65" style="width:129pt" width="172">CG-3000-05</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="42" style="width:182pt;height:31.5pt" width="243">10 mm x 15 cm glass column with reservoirs</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:227pt" width="302">Custom - similar to Chemglass columns</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:129pt" width="172">Similar to CG-1203-20</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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		<tr height="20" style="height:15.0pt">
			<td class="xl65" height="20" style="width:182pt;height:15.0pt" width="243">DMEM</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:227pt" width="302">Corning</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:129pt" width="172">10-017-CV</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">FBS</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:227pt" width="302">Gibco</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">10437028</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">PBS</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:227pt" width="302">Corning</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">21-040-CV</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Round bottom Falcon tubes</td>
			<td class="xl77" style="width:227pt" width="302">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:129pt" width="172">14-959-11B&#160;</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">500 cm2 petri dishes</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:227pt" width="302">Corning</td>
			<td class="xl76" style="width:129pt" width="172">431110</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Trypan blue</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:227pt" width="302">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td class="xl76" style="width:129pt" width="172">15250061</td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Hemacytometer</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:227pt" width="302">Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl76" style="width:129pt" width="172">Z359629</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Acrylic Cuvettes</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:227pt" width="302">VWR&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl76" style="width:129pt" width="172">58017-875</td>
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			<td class="xl72" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">UV-Vis spectrometer</td>
			<td class="xl68">Agilent Model Cary 8454&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:129pt" width="172"></td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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			<td class="xl72" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Spectrofluorimeter</td>
			<td class="xl68">SLM Model 8100C</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:129pt" width="172"></td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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			<td class="xl72" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">IR spectrometer</td>
			<td class="xl68">Bruker Hyprion FTIR with ATR attachment</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:129pt" width="172"></td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Centrifuge</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:227pt" width="302">ALC Model PM140R</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:129pt" width="172"></td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
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			<td class="xl65" height="21" style="width:182pt;height:15.75pt" width="243">Inverted light microscope</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:227pt" width="302">VWR&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl65" style="width:129pt" width="172">89404-462</td>
			<td class="xl68"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis and evaluation of a ruthenium-based mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor

Sentez ve bir mitokondri kalsiyum alımını inhibitörü, [(OH2) (NH3)4(μ-O) Ru Ru (NH3)4(OH2)]5 +arıtma ayrıntı. Bu bileşik bir en iyi duruma getirilmiş sentez [Ru (NH3)5Cl] Cl2 den 1 M NH4OH yeşil bir çözüm verimli kapalı bir kap içinde başlar. Arıtma katyon değişim Kromatografi ile gerçekleştirilir. Bu bileşik ile karakterize olan ve saf olmak UV-VIS ve IR spektroskopisi tarafından doğrulandı. Mitokondrial kalsiyum alımını inhibitör özellikleri permeabilized HeLa hücreleri Floresans spektroskopisi tarafından değerlendirilir.

Bu yöntem bir sentez [Ru (NH3)5Cl] Cl2başlayarak mitokondrial kalsiyum alımını inhibitörü [(OH2) (NH3)4(μ-O) Ru Ru (NH3)4(OH2)] Cl5 açıklar bir iyi bilinen ruthenium(III) başlangıç materyali. [Ru (NH3)5Cl] CL2 IR spektroskopisi, 3200 cm-1, 1608 cm-1, 1298 cm-1ve 798 cm-1 (<strong class="xfig"...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor

Sentez ve rutenyum tabanlı mitokondrial kalsiyum alımını inhibitörü değerlendirilmesi

Bir protokol, arıtma, malzemelerin ve rutenyum tabanlı inhibitörü olan mitokondrial kalsiyum alımı için sunulmaktadır. Permeabilized memeli hücrelerinde onun etkinliğini değerlendirmek için bir yordam gösterilmiştir.

We detail the synthesis and purification of a mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, [(OH2)(NH3)4Ru(&#181;-O)Ru(NH3)4(OH2)]5+. The optimized synthesis of ...

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Chemistry

Preparation and Use of Samarium Diiodide (SmI2) in Organic Synthesis: The Mechanistic Role of HMPA and Ni(II) Salts in the Samarium Barbier Reaction

Preparation and Use of Samarium Diiodide SmI2 in Organic Synthesis: The Mechanistic Role of HMPA and NiII Salts in the Samarium Barbier Reaction

Hazırlanması ve Samaryum Diiodide Kullanımı (SMI<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;) In Organic Synthesis: Samaryum Barbier Reaksiyonu HMPA ve Ni (II) tuzlarının Mekanistik Rolü

Although initially considered an esoteric reagent, SmI2 has become a common tool for synthetic organic chemists. SmI2 is generated through the addition of ...

Seeded Synthesis of CdSe/CdS Rod and Tetrapod Nanocrystals

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of multicomponent nanostructures consisting of CdS and CdSe with rod and tetrapod morphologies. A seeded ...

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

MTT deneyi ile sentez ve Sitotoksisite Değerlendirilmesi: Anticancer Metal Kompleksleri

Titanium (IV) and vanadium (V) complexes are highly potent anticancer agents. A challenge in their synthesis refers to their hydrolytic instability; ...

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

Sentez ve Kromatografi için optimal sabit faz kantitatif seçimi dahil edilmesi Iodoaziridines saflaştırılması

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Fonksiyonlu Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu Metal-organik Altyapıları

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Sentezi ve diskotik Zirkonyum Fosfatların Eksfoliasyon Kolloidal Sıvı Kristaller Edinme

Due to their abundance in natural clay and potential applications in advanced materials, discotic nanoparticles are of interest to scientists and ...

Synthesis and Structure Determination of &#181;-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities

Synthesis and Structure Determination of ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Âµ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities

Sentez ve μ-Conotoxin PIIIA izomerler farklı disülfür Connectivities ile yapı belirlenmesi

Peptides with a high number of cysteines are usually influenced regarding the three-dimensional structure by their disulfide connectivity. It is thus ...

Solid-phase Synthesis of [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes

Katı faz [4.4] Spirocyclic Oximes sentezi

A convenient synthetic route for spirocyclic heterocycles is well sought after due to the molecule&#39;s potential use in biological systems. By means of ...

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Esterleri bir yeşil Steglich esterleşme Asetonitril içinde yolu ile sentezi

The Steglich esterification is a widely-used reaction for the synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols. While efficient and mild, the ...

Synthesis Method for Cellulose Nanofiber Biotemplated Palladium Composite Aerogels

Selüloz nanofiber Biotemkaplama Palladium kompozit Aerogels için sentez yöntemi

Here, a method to synthesize cellulose nanofiber biotemplated palladium composite aerogels is presented. Noble metal aerogel synthesis methods often ...