Name: in vitro enzyme measurement to test pharmacological chaperone responsiveness in fabry and pompe disease
Uploaded: 2017-12-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease at JoVE.com

Författarna vill erkänna Mandy Loebert och Tina Czajka för utmärkt teknisk support. Vi tackar Flora Luo (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) för språk redigering hjälp.

1. beredning av Mutant pcDNA3.1/GLA och pcDNA3.1/GAA konstruktioner
Obs: De kloning strategierna för GLA och GAA kodande sekvenser (cds) har varit rapporterade tidigare15,18.
<ol>
	<li>Webbplats riktad mutagenes med webbplats riktad mutagenes
	<ol>
		<li>Använd referensen sekvenser NM_000169.2 och NM_000152.4 som mallar för mutagenicitet av GLA och GAA gener, respektive. Har en ...

<ol>
	<li>Ishii, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutant+alpha-galactosidase+A+enzymes+identified+in+Fabry+disease+patients+with+residual+enzyme+activity:+biochemical+characterization+and+restoration+of+normal+intracellular+processing+by+1-deoxygalactonojirimycin.">Mutant alpha-galactosidase A enzymes identified in Fabry disease patients with residual enzyme activity: biochemical characterization and restoration of normal intracellular processing by 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin.</a> Biochem J. 406, 285-295 (2007).</li><li>Tajima, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+biochemical+studies+on+Pompe+disease+and+a+&amp;#34;pseudodeficiency+of+acid+alpha-glucosidase&amp;#34.">Structural and biochemical studies on Pompe disease and a &amp;#34;pseudodeficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase&amp;#34.</a> J Hum Genet. 52, 898-906 (2007).</li><li>Lukas, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+and+Clinical+Consequences+of+Novel+&#945;-Galactosidase+A+Mutations+in+Fabry+Disease.">Functional and Clinical Consequences of Novel &#945;-Galactosidase A Mutations in Fabry Disease.</a> Hum Mutat. 37, 43-51 (2016).</li><li>Parenti, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treating+lysosomal+storage+diseases+with+pharmacological+chaperones:+from+concept+to+clinics.">Treating lysosomal storage diseases with pharmacological chaperones: from concept to clinics.</a> EMBO Mol Med. 1, 268-279 (2009).</li><li>Yasuda, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabry+disease:+characterization+of+alpha-galactosidase+A+double+mutations+and+the+D313Y+plasma+enzyme+pseudodeficiency+allele.">Fabry disease: characterization of alpha-galactosidase A double mutations and the D313Y plasma enzyme pseudodeficiency allele.</a> Hum Mutat. 22, 486-492 (2003).</li><li>Shimotori, M., Maruyama, H., Nakamura, G., Suyama, T., Sakamoto, F., Itoh, M., Miyabayashi, S., Ohnishi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+mutations+of+the+GLA+gene+in+Japanese+patients+with+Fabry+disease+and+their+functional+characterization+by+active+site+specific+chaperone.">Novel mutations of the GLA gene in Japanese patients with Fabry disease and their functional characterization by active site specific chaperone.</a> Hum Mutat. 29, 331 (2008).</li><li>Andreotti, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Therapy+of+Fabry+disease+with+pharmacological+chaperones:+from+in+silico+predictions+to+in+vitro+tests.">Therapy of Fabry disease with pharmacological chaperones: from in silico predictions to in vitro tests.</a> Orphanet J Rare Dis. 6, 66 (2011).</li><li>Khanna, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pharmacological+chaperone+AT2220+increases+the+specific+activity+and+lysosomal+delivery+of+mutant+acid+alpha-glucosidase,+and+promotes+glycogen+reduction+in+a+transgenic+mouse+model+of+Pompe+disease.">The pharmacological chaperone AT2220 increases the specific activity and lysosomal delivery of mutant acid alpha-glucosidase, and promotes glycogen reduction in a transgenic mouse model of Pompe disease.</a> PLoS One. 9, e102092 (2014).</li><li>Siekierska, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#945;-Galactosidase+aggregation+is+a+determinant+of+pharmacological+chaperone+efficacy+on+Fabry+disease+mutants.">&#945;-Galactosidase aggregation is a determinant of pharmacological chaperone efficacy on Fabry disease mutants.</a> J Biol Chem. 287, 28386-28397 (2012).</li><li>Parenti, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+enhancement+of+mutated+alpha-glucosidase+activity+in+fibroblasts+from+patients+with+Pompe+disease.">Pharmacological enhancement of mutated alpha-glucosidase activity in fibroblasts from patients with Pompe disease.</a> Mol Ther. 15, 508-514 (2007).</li><li>Wu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pharmacogenetic+approach+to+identify+mutant+forms+of+&#945;-galactosidase+A+that+respond+to+a+pharmacological+chaperone+for+Fabry+disease.">A pharmacogenetic approach to identify mutant forms of &#945;-galactosidase A that respond to a pharmacological chaperone for Fabry disease.</a> Hum Mutat. 32, 965-977 (2011).</li><li>Lukas, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+characterisation+of+alpha-galactosidase+a+mutations+as+a+basis+for+a+new+classification+system+in+fabry+disease.">Functional characterisation of alpha-galactosidase a mutations as a basis for a new classification system in fabry disease.</a> PLoS Genet. 9, e1003632 (2013).</li><li>Andreotti, G., Citro, V., Correra, A., Cubellis, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+thermodynamic+assay+to+test+pharmacological+chaperones+for+Fabry+disease.">A thermodynamic assay to test pharmacological chaperones for Fabry disease.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1840, 1214-1224 (2014).</li><li>. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.google.ch/patents/US9095584">https://www.google.ch/patents/US9095584</a> (2017)</li><li>Lukas, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enzyme+enhancers+for+the+treatment+of+Fabry+and+Pompe+disease.">Enzyme enhancers for the treatment of Fabry and Pompe disease.</a> Mol Ther. 23, 456-4564 (2015).</li><li>Yam, G. H., Bosshard, N., Zuber, C., Steinmann, B., Roth, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+chaperone+corrects+lysosomal+storage+in+Fabry+disease+caused+by+trafficking-incompetent+variants.">Pharmacological chaperone corrects lysosomal storage in Fabry disease caused by trafficking-incompetent variants.</a> Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 290, C1076-C1082 (2006).</li><li>Shin, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Screening+for+pharmacological+chaperones+in+Fabry+disease.">Screening for pharmacological chaperones in Fabry disease.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 359, 168-173 (2007).</li><li>Shin, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prediction+of+response+of+mutated+alpha-galactosidase+A+to+a+pharmacological+chaperone.">Prediction of response of mutated alpha-galactosidase A to a pharmacological chaperone.</a> Pharmacogenet Genomics. 18, 773-7780 (2008).</li><li>Filoni, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+studies+of+new+GLA+gene+mutations+leading+to+conformational+Fabry+disease.">Functional studies of new GLA gene mutations leading to conformational Fabry disease.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1802, 247-252 (2010).</li><li>Citro, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Large+Phenotypic+Spectrum+of+Fabry+Disease+Requires+Graduated+Diagnosis+and+Personalized+Therapy:+A+Meta-Analysis+Can+Help+to+Differentiate+Missense+Mutations.">The Large Phenotypic Spectrum of Fabry Disease Requires Graduated Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy: A Meta-Analysis Can Help to Differentiate Missense Mutations.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 17, (2016).</li><li>Cammisa, M., Correra, A., Andreotti, G., Cubellis, M. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabry_CEP:+a+tool+to+identify+Fabry+mutations+responsive+to+pharmacological+chaperones.">Fabry_CEP: a tool to identify Fabry mutations responsive to pharmacological chaperones.</a> Orphanet J Rare Dis. 8, 111 (2013).</li><li>Leinekugel, P., Michel, S., Conzelmann, E., Sandhoff, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+correlation+between+the+residual+activity+of+beta-hexosaminidase+A+and+arylsulfatase+A+and+the+severity+of+the+resulting+lysosomal+storage+disease.">Quantitative correlation between the residual activity of beta-hexosaminidase A and arylsulfatase A and the severity of the resulting lysosomal storage disease.</a> Hum Genet. 88, 513-523 (1992).</li><li>Germain, D. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Safety+and+pharmacodynamic+effects+of+a+pharmacological+chaperone+on+&#945;-galactosidase+A+activity+and+globotriaosylceramide+clearance+in+Fabry+disease:+report+from+two+phase+2+clinical+studies.">Safety and pharmacodynamic effects of a pharmacological chaperone on &#945;-galactosidase A activity and globotriaosylceramide clearance in Fabry disease: report from two phase 2 clinical studies.</a> Orphanet J Rare Dis. 7, 91 (2012).</li><li>Hughes, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+pharmacological+chaperone+migalastat+compared+with+enzyme+replacement+therapy+in+Fabry+disease:+18-month+results+from+the+randomised+phase+III+ATTRACT+study.">Oral pharmacological chaperone migalastat compared with enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease: 18-month results from the randomised phase III ATTRACT study.</a> J Med Genet. 54, 288-296 (2017).</li><li>Parenti, G., Andria, G., Valenzano, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacological+Chaperone+Therapy:+Preclinical+Development,+Clinical+Translation,+and+Prospects+for+the+Treatment+of+Lysosomal+Storage+Disorders.">Pharmacological Chaperone Therapy: Preclinical Development, Clinical Translation, and Prospects for the Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disorders.</a> Mol Ther. 23, 1138-1148 (2015).</li><li>Parenti, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Chaperone+Enhances+Blood+&#945;-Glucosidase+Activity+in+Pompe+Disease+Patients+Treated+With+Enzyme+Replacement+Therapy.">A Chaperone Enhances Blood &#945;-Glucosidase Activity in Pompe Disease Patients Treated With Enzyme Replacement Therapy.</a> Mol Ther. 22, 2004-2012 (2014).</li></ol>

Protokollet beskrivs häri levererar robusta resultat för enzym skadebedömningar vid ärftlig lysosomala sjukdomar i ämnesomsättningen. Detta manuskript är en ändring av protokollet publicerats tidigare15. De mest avgörande ändringarna innebära stränghet (dvs.i mutant vektor konstruera förberedelseprocessen), standardisering av protokollet cell kultur (dvs, HEK293H cell underhåll och transfection villkor), och höga antal experimentella repetitioner (minst 5), vilket ...

Det finns över ett dussin lysosomala lagring sjukdomar (LSDs) relaterade till glycosidase dysfunktion till följd av primära genmutationer. Fabry (OMIM #301500) och Pompe (OMIM #232300) sjukdom, mer än 500 och 200 missense mutationer1,2,3 har rapporterats, respektive, som motsvarar till omkring 60% av den totala mutation räkningen. Många nya genvarianter är fortfarande identifieras, varav många har okänd betydelse. Omfattande biokemiska studier visat att vissa genotyper inte leder till en fullständig förlust-av-funktion av GLA -genen (OMIM * 300644) i Fabrys sjukdom, men orsakar motsvarande enzymet misslyckas att nå en thermodynamically gynnade fällbara tillstånd4 . Detta resulterar i ER retention och tidig nedbrytning av enzymet annars funktionell. Liknande slutsatser har dragits i andra LSDs inklusive Pompes sjukdom5. Molekylär karakterisering av enzymet varianter kan dessutom underlätta klinisk tolkning av mutationerna vid tidpunkten för diagnos6, tyder på att LSD progression är en individuell process som baserat på vilken typ av mutation. Konventionella klassifikationen in i normalt 2 till 3 olika kliniska typer bör därför omprövas för att effektivisera klinisk rådgivning och terapeutiska beslut.
Enzym ersättningsterapi (ERT) är tillgänglig för båda sjukdomarna. ERT, men har begränsad effekt hos drabbade vävnader/organ som hjärnan och skelettmuskulaturen. Dessutom kan ERT framkalla ett immunogent svar som äventyrar dess terapeutiska fördelar. Farmakologiska Chaperones (st) är ett attraktivt behandlingsalternativ för patienter med så kallad responsiv mutationer. Datorer fungera som en molekylär byggnadsställning för rätt proteinveckning och stabilisering som i sin tur förhindrar endoplasmatiska nätverket (ER) lagring och ER-associerade nedbrytning av enzymet. Dessutom datorer kan administreras oralt och kan potentiellt passera blod-hjärnbarriären. PCT kan därför ett mer lönsamt alternativ för behandling av patienter med vissa genotyper. För en omfattande översyn på PC-program i LSDs, se den utmärkt recension av Parenti7.
Upptäckten av hundratals sjukdom som orsakar muterade alleler utmanar prekliniska drogtester och kräver en enkel, snabb och mycket standardiserade bedömning av mottagliga patienter en personlig medicin strategi. För att bedöma de skadliga effekterna av LSD genmutationer och att testa kandidaten mutationer att förutsäga mottagliga patienter för PCT, var ett högt standardiserade över uttryck system i HEK293H celler som möjliggör snabb och pålitlig enzym aktivitet mätning utvecklat. Liknande över uttryck system har beskrivits tidigare för Fabry och Pompes sjukdom med antingen COS-78,9,10,11, HeLa celler12eller HEK29313 ,14,15,16 celler för glycosidase genen.
En mycket liknande metod har även patenterats som en ”metod att förutsäga farmakologiska förkläde behandlingssvaret av sjukdomar”17 som visar betydelsen av en cell kultur system som kan integreras i klinisk praxis.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QuikChange II XL Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA</td>
			<td>#200522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GLA[R301Q]-frw: 5&#180;- CTA ATG ACC TCC AAC ACA TCA GCC C-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GLA[R301Q]-rev: 5&#180;- GGG CTG ATG TGT TGG AGG TCA TTA G-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GLA[A156V]-frw: 5&#180;-CTA CGA CAT TGA TGT CCA GAC CTT TGC TG-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GLA[A156V]-rev: 5&#180;-CAG CAA AGG TCT GGA CAT CAA TGT CGT AG-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GLA[A156V]-frw: 5&#180;-GGA AAT AAA ACC TGC ACA GGC TTC CCT GGG A-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GLA[A143T]-rev: 5&#180;-TCC CAG GGA AGC CTG TGC AGG TTT TAT TTC C-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GAA[F455Y]-frw: 5&#180;-CTG CCG GGA GCT TCA GGC CCT ACG A-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GAA[F455Y]-rev: 5&#180;-TCG TAG GGC CTG AAG CTC CCG GCA G-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GAA[P545L]-frw: 5&#180;-CAC CCT ACG TGC TTG GGG TGG TTG G-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GAA[P545L]-rev: 5&#180;-CCA ACC ACC CCA AGC ACG TAG GGT G-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GAA[L552P]-frw: 5&#180;-TTG GGG GGA CCC CCC AGG CGG CCA C-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer GAA[P545L]-rev: 5&#180;-GTG GCC GCC TGG GGG GTC CCC CCA A-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer T7: 5&#180;-TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GG-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primer BGHrev: 5&#180;-TAG AAG GCA CAG TCG AGG-3&#180;</td>
			<td>MWG Eurofins Operon, Ebersberg, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptone</td>
			<td>Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>8952.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast Extract</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>103,753</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,064,041,000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potasium chloride</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,049,360,500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2 x 6H2O</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,058,330,250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D (+)-Glucose monohydrate</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,083,422,500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Hydroxide</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,064,980,500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycine</td>
			<td>Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>3908.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>X863.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>disodium hydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,065,860,500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium acetate</td>
			<td>Merck, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>1,062,640,050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glacial acetic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>A6283</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Agar</td>
			<td>Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>X969.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Medium</td>
			<td>Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>X968.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zyppy Plasmid Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td>ZymoResearch, Freiburg, Germany</td>
			<td>D4020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAfilter Plasmid Midi Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen, Hilden, Germany</td>
			<td>12245</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEK293H cell line</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>11631-017&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#180;s Modified Eagle Medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>31966-047</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HyClone fetal bovine serum&#160;</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare, South Logan, Utah, USA</td>
			<td>SV30160.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Standard Cell Culture Flasks, Greiner Bio One</td>
			<td>VWR International GmbH, Hannover, Germany</td>
			<td>82050-854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture plates (24 well)</td>
			<td>Sarstedt, N&#252;mbrecht, Germany</td>
			<td>831,836</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cellstar 96 well plate</td>
			<td>Greiner bio one, Frickenhausen, Germany</td>
			<td>655185</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SafeSeal reaction tubes, 1,5mL&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarstedt, N&#252;mbrecht, Germany</td>
			<td>72,706</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 2000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>11668-019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin Hydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>D9641</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin Hydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, Canada</td>
			<td>D236500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Deoxynojirimycin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>D9305</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Dulbecco w/o Calcium, w/o Magnesium</td>
			<td>Biochrom, Berlin, Germany</td>
			<td>L 1825</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, Braunschweig, Germany</td>
			<td>25300054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific, Braunschweig, Germany</td>
			<td>23225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Methylumbelliferone</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>M1381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Methylumbelliferyl &#945;-D-galactopyranoside</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>M7633</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-Methylumbelliferyl &#945;-D-glucopyranoside</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Munich, Germany</td>
			<td>M9766</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>incubator type T6</td>
			<td>Heraeus Instruments, Hanau, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luminous Plate Gr. 2 E</td>
			<td>Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany</td>
			<td>P265.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3130 xl Genetic Analyzer&#160;</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GFL-3032 bacterial shaker</td>
			<td>GFL, Burgwedel, Germany&#160;</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Avanti J-25 centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman/Coulter, Krefeld, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraspec 3100 pro Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Amersham Biosciences, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>water-jacket incubator&#160;</td>
			<td>Binder, Tuttlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex Genie 1 touch mixer</td>
			<td>Scientific Industries, Bohemia, NY, USA</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Z 233 MK-2 refrigerated microtube centrifuge</td>
			<td>Hermle, Tuttlingen, Germany&#160;</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LaboStar ultrapure water device</td>
			<td>Siemens, Berlin, Germany</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo Shaker PST-60HL-4 orbital shaker</td>
			<td>Biosan, Riga, Latvia</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tecan GENios Reader</td>
			<td>Tecan, M&#228;nnedorf, Switzerland</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HI 223 Microprocessor pH Meter</td>
			<td>HANNA Instruments, Arvore, Portugal</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CASY 
			Cell Counter + Analyser System 
			Model TT</td>
			<td>Innovatis AG, Cham/Zug, Switzerland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magellan data analysis software v6.6</td>
			<td>Tecan, M&#228;nnedorf, Switzerland</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GraphPad Prism 5.04</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA; USA</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft Office 2010</td>
			<td>Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BioEdit Alignment Editor, V7.0.1</td>
			<td>http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Abbreviations</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>frw = forward; rev = reverse</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>n.a. = not applicable</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro enzyme measurement to test pharmacological chaperone responsiveness in fabry and pompe disease

Användning av personlig medicin för behandling av sällsynta monogena sjukdomar som lysosomala lagring sjukdomar (LSDs) utmanas av komplexa kliniska prov konstruktioner, höga kostnader och låg Patientantalet. Hundratals muterade alleler är inblandade i de flesta av LSDs. Sjukdomarna indelas normalt i 2 till 3 olika kliniska typer enligt allvarlighetsgrad. Molekylär karakterisering av genotyp kan dessutom hjälpa förutsäga kliniska resultat och informera patienten vård. Därför utvecklade vi en enkel cell kultur analys utifrån HEK293H celler som heterologously över uttrycker de mutationer som identifierats i Fabry och Pompes sjukdom. En liknande analys har nyligen införts som ett prekliniska test för att identifiera mottagliga mutationer för farmakologiska förkläde Therapy (PCT) i Fabrys sjukdom. Detta manuskript beskriver ett test av ändrade cell-kultur som möjliggör snabb fenotypiska bedömning av alleliska varianter i Fabry och Pompes sjukdom att identifiera berättigade patienter för PCT och får stöd i utvecklingen av nya pharmacochaperones.

Mutagenes förfarandet För att bedöma effektiviteten i GLA -genen mutagenes, klassificerades mutationerna i en av följande kategorier. Denna metod att generera mutationer visade att ca 66,5% av GLA mutationerna erhölls i första försöket. Ytterligare 25% kunde erhållas efter en något modifierad andra PCR.
Kategori 1: Mutagenicitet PCR var effektivt vid första försöket.
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease at JoVE.com

In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease

Det finns en efterfrågan att göra prekliniska test för en ny klass av ”särläkemedel” kallas farmakologiska chaperones reproducerbara, snabb och effektiv. Vi utvecklat en enkel, mycket standardiserad och mångsidig cell kultur-baserad analys till skärmen för kvalificerade patienter samt nya farmakologiska förkläde droger.

In Vitro Enzymet mätningar för att Test farmakologiska förkläde lyhördhet i Fabry och Pompes sjukdom

The use of personalized medicine to treat rare monogenic diseases like lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) is challenged by complex clinical trial designs, ...

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Medicine

In Vitro Enzyme Measurement to Test Pharmacological Chaperone Responsiveness in Fabry and Pompe Disease

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Använda en kemisk biopsi för graft kvalitetsbedömning

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On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis

Provtagning på plats och utvinning av hjärntumörer för metabolomik och Lipidomics-analys

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