Name: visualization of thalamocortical axon branching and synapse formation in organotypic cocultures
Uploaded: 2018-03-28T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures at JoVE.com

우리는 또한 중요 한 독서에 대 한 가브리엘 손을 감사합니다.

모든 실험은 오사카 대학 및 일본 신경 과학 학회의 동물 복지 위원회에 의해 설립 하는 지침에 따라 수행 했다.
1. Organotypic cocultures의 시상과 대뇌 피 질
참고: 자세한 절차를 참조 원래 간행물7,8,13. 모든 절차는 무 균 조건 하에서 수행 되어야 합니다. Sprague-Dawley (SD) 쥐 신경 문화 사용 ?...

<ol>
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현재 프로토콜은 또한 TC 프로젝션11의 다른 축 삭 성장 발달 측면을 연구 하는 강력한 도구입니다. 예를 들어, 대뇌 피 질의 조각 문화와 electroporation 기술은의 조합을 대뇌 피 질의 신경 세포와 장기 관찰9,18의 개별 axonal 형태를 시각화 수 있습니다.
현재 프로토콜을 사용 하 여 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 형성에 흥미 ?...

포유류 두뇌에 있는 thalamocortical (TC) 투영 축 삭 지도 메커니즘을 대상으로 조사에 적합 한 시스템입니다. 개발 하는 동안 감각 TC axons 외피 격판덮개 및 양식 지점과 시 냅 스에 우선적으로 레이어 IV의 대뇌 피 질1,2차 감각 영역에서 성장 한다. 근본적인 연결의 설립 후에 axonal 아 버와 시 냅 스 터미널은 환경 변화3,4에 따라 리 모델링. 그러나, 어떻게 TC 축 삭 형태학 동적으로 변경 되는 제대로 이해. 주된 이유 중 하나는 단일 세포 수준에서 구조적인 변화를 관찰 하는 적절 한 기법의 부족 이다. 전반적인 TC 궤적5, 을 캡처에 대 한 여전히 기술적인 제한이 있다 현미경 검사 법, 2 광자 현미경 등 최근 개발 허용 생활 대뇌 피 질의 뉴런에 vivo에서의 직접 관찰, 비록 6. 따라서, TC 축 삭의 라이브 이미징 방법 체 외에서 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 대형의 구조 분석을 위한 강력한 도구를 제공 것.
처음으로 우리 그룹 설립 투과성 막7정적 슬라이스 문화 방법. 이 방법을 사용 하 여, 쥐 대뇌 피 질의 조각 했다 감각 thalamic 블록, cocultured 그리고 lamina 특정 TC 연결 했다이 organotypic cocultures7,8지. 형광 단백질으로 스파스 라벨 추가 수 있었습니다 TC 축 삭 성장 및 지점 형성9,,1011관찰. 최근에, 분기의 동시 이미징에 대 한 새로운 방법을 개발 했습니다 그리고는 organotypic에서 개별 TC 축 삭 시 냅 스 형성 cocultures12. TC 축 삭과 연 접 사이트를 동시에 시각화할 DsRed EGFP 태그 synaptophysin (SYP EGFP) 했다 organotypic coculture의 electroporation에 의해 thalamic 뉴런의 작은 수로 공동 transfected. 현재 메서드는 TC axons의 형태소 분석을 용이 하 게 하 고 장기 관찰, 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 형성 사이의 인과 관계를 표시 하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다 허용 합니다.

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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">GIBCO</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">11320-033</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Hanks&#8217; balanced salt solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Nissui</td>
			<td class="xl21" style="width:84pt" width="112">5905</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">P8783</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Hydrocortisone</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">H0888</td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Sodium selenite</td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">192-10843</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">T1147</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">P5780</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Glucose</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Wako 
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">16806-25</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">35 mm petri dishes</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Falcon</td>
			<td class="xl21" style="width:84pt" width="112">351008</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Millicell-CM insert</td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">PICMORG50</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">100 mm petri dishes</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">BIO-BIK</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">I-90-20</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77">petri dish sterrile</td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">HiPure Plasmid Maxiprep Kit</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Invitrogen</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">K210006</td>
			<td class="xl23" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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		<tr height="59" style="height:44.25pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="59" style="width:113pt;height:44.25pt" width="151">Disposable sterile plastic pipettes</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119"></td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">202-IS</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77">transfer pipets sterile</td>
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		<tr height="54" style="height:40.5pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="54" style="width:113pt;height:40.5pt" width="151">Glass capillary: OD 1.2 mm</td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="53" style="width:113pt;height:39.75pt" width="151">Silver wire: 0.2 and 1 mm&#160;</td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">1 mL syringe</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Terumo</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">SS-01T</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Stimulator&#160;</td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Oscilloscope</td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">VC-6723</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
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			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Manipulator</td>
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			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">SM-15</td>
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		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Micromanipulator</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Narishige</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">MO-10</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Stereomicroscope&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Olympus</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">SZ40</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Universal stand&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Olympus</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">SZ-STU2</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Light illumination system&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Olympus</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">LG-PS2, LG-DI, HLL301</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Electrode puller&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Narishige</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">PC-10</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Confocal microscope</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Nikon</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">Digital eclipse C1 laser</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">x20 objective</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Nikon</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">ELWD 20x/0.45</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Culture chamber</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Tokai Hit</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">UK A16-U</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Japan SLC and Nihon-Dobutsu</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112"></td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40" style="height:30.0pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="40" style="width:113pt;height:30.0pt" width="151">Microsurgery scissors</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:89pt" width="119">Natsume&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:84pt" width="112">MB-54-1</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:58pt" width="77"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visualization of thalamocortical axon branching and synapse formation in organotypic cocultures

축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 형성 하는 정확한 신경 회로 설정 하기 위한 중요 한 프로세스입니다. 개발 하는 동안 감각 thalamocortical (TC) 축 삭 대뇌 피 질의 특정 레이어에 지점과 시 냅 스 형성합니다. 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 형성 사이 명백한 공간 상관 관계에도 불구 하 고 그들 사이의 인과 관계가 제대로 이해 된다. 이 문제를 해결 하려면 우리는 최근 organotypic cocultures에서 개별 TC 축 삭의 분기 및 시 냅 스 대형의 동시 이미징 방법을 개발.
이 프로토콜 organotypic coculture 및 electroporation의 조합으로 구성 되는 방법을 설명 합니다. 시상과 대뇌 피 질의 Organotypic cocultures 유전자 조작 및 axonal 프로세스, 박판 모양 구성 등 독특한 구조를 보존의 관측을 촉진 한다. 두 가지 플라스 미드 DsRed EGFP 태그 synaptophysin (SYP EGFP) 인코딩 했다 electroporation 기술에 의해 thalamic 뉴런의 작은 수로 공동 transfected. 이 메서드를 사용 하 여 TC 뉴런의 개별 axonal 형태학 및 연 접 사이트를 동시에 시각화 수 있었습니다. 메서드는 또한 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 형성 사이의 인과 관계를 밝혀 장기 관찰을 사용할 수 있습니다.

실험 여기 TC 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 형성 사이의 관계를 공개 하는 것을 목표로 설명 합니다. 동시에 시각화 axonal 궤도 및 연 접 사이트, 단일의 위치 또는 몇 thalamic 셀 organotypic cocultures 인코딩 SYP EGFP 및 DsRed electroporation를 사용 하 여 두 개의 플라스 미드와 페 했다. 문화에서 두 번째 주 동안 개별적으로 구별할 수 TC axons 했다 DsRed (그림 3)에 의해 명?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures at JoVE.com

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

이 프로토콜 thalamocortical 축 삭 분기 및 시 냅 스 대형의 organotypic cocultures에서 시상과 대뇌 피 질의 동시 이미징 하는 방법을 설명합니다. 개별 thalamocortical 축 삭 및 그들의 연 접 맨끝 DsRed와 GFP 태그 synaptophysin 단일 셀 electroporation 기법으로 시각화 됩니다.

분기 Thalamocortical 축 삭과 시 냅 스의 시각화 Organotypic Cocultures에서 형성

Axon branching and synapse formation are crucial processes for establishing precise neuronal circuits. During development, sensory thalamocortical (TC) ...

The overall goal of this method is to study dynamic morphological changes of axon branching and synapse formation in the thalamocortical projection. This method can help answer key questions in the field of neurobiology, such as new neural circuit formation. The main advantage of this technique is simultaneous observation of axon growth and the synapse formation in individual living cells.This method can provide insight into the relationship between axon branching and synapse formation in the thalamocortical projections. It can also be applied to other neural circuits, such as intrinsic connection in the cerebral cortex. To begin this procedure, sterilize all the surgical instruments with 70%ethanol for 10 minutes or longer.Next, dissect the whole brain quickly from a postnatal day-two rat under ice-cold anesthesia. Then, place the brain into a 100-millimeter petri dish containing 40 milliliters of cold Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. Under a binocular microscope, remove the pia matter carefully with fine forceps, and cut the primary visual and somatosensory cortex into 300 to 400-micron thick slices using microsurgical scissors.After that, transfer the cortical slices onto the membrane filter of the culture insert using a disposable plastic pipette. Adjust the positions of the slices near the center of the culture insert with the disposable plastic pipette, and remove excess medium from the insert. Maintain the slices in the serum-containing culture medium at 37 degrees Celsius, and culture them alone for one day before placing a thalamic block from an E15 embryo next to it.Adjust the level of the medium slightly below the surface of the slice, so that the slices can receive sufficient supply of both the gas and the medium. This is crucial for the viability of the slices. In this step, make the glass capillaries with an electrode puller.Then break the tips of the glass capillaries for plasmid injection. For the electrode pipettes, grind and polish the tips of the glass capillaries with sandpaper. And then fire polish them to achieve an inner diameter of 50 to 200 microns.Next, attach the electrode pipette and the ejection pipette to the manipulators. Transfer five microliters of plasmid solution to a petri dish. Then draw the solution into the electrode pipette with capillary action.Insert the 0.2-millimeter diameter electrode into the electrode pipette. After connecting the ejection pipette to a one-milliliter syringe with a plastic tube, transfer five microliters of plasmid solution to a petri dish again. Then slowly draw the solution into the ejection pipette using the syringe.Following that, transfer the coculture on the electroporation stage and insert the one-millimeter diameter electrode into the culture medium. Subsequently, place the ejection pipette on the cultured thalamic block. Push the syringe manually after the tip touches the surface of the thalamic block.Place the electrode pipette on the thalamic block immediately after the retraction of the ejection pipette. Now, deliver the electrical pulses. Monitor the amplitude and the number of trains on the oscilloscope.Afterward, retract the electrode pipette and return the dish to the incubator. To observe the sample, place the culture dish on the stage of an upright confocal microscope equipped with two filter sets for EGFP and DsRed. Then take images of 10 to 25 optical sections, at one to seven-micron step sizes, with a 20x long working distance objective lens.Select individually-distinguishable labeled axons, which express both DsRed and Syp-EGFP. Shown here is an organotypic coculture of thalamic and cortical slices after 12 DIV. Here is a magnified image of the boxed region.And here is a DsRed-labeled thalamic cell extending an axon into the cortical slice, and forming branches in upper layers. These images show the DsRed-labeled thalamocortical axon and Syp-EGFP puncta. Discrete accumulation of Syp-EGFP was observed along a single thalamocortical axon.DsRed plus Syp-EGFP plasmids were introduced into cultured thalamic cells at one DIV using electroporation. This axon was imaged daily over four days. Axon branching and synapse formation were dynamic, with addition and elimination.Following these procedures, electroporation with interesting genes together with Syp-EGFP and DsRed can be performed in order to investigate the role of the gene in axon branching and synapse formations. This technique paves the way for researchers in the field of the neurobiology to explore the mechanisms of dynamic changes of neural circuits.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

의 Proprioceptors의 시각화<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; 애벌레와 Pupae

Proprioception is the ability to sense the motion, or position, of body parts by responding to stimuli arising within the body. In fruitflies and other ...

연구

신경과학

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

해마의 Organotypic 조각의 쌍으로 전체 셀 녹음

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Inhibitory Synapse Formation in a Co-culture Model Incorporating GABAergic Medium Spiny Neurons and HEK293 Cells Stably Expressing GABAA Receptors

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Inhibitory neurons act in the central nervous system to regulate the dynamics and spatio-temporal co-ordination of neuronal networks. GABA ...

Whole-mount Imaging of Mouse Embryo Sensory Axon Projections

마우스 배아 감각 축삭 돌기 전체 마운트 이미지

The visualization of full-length neuronal projections in embryos is essential to gain an understanding of how mammalian neuronal networks develop. Here we ...

Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis

결합 된 방법론을 활용하여 축삭 분기 및 신경 세포 형태 형성 동안 플라즈마 멤브레인 배달의 역할을 정의합니다

During neural development, growing axons extend to multiple synaptic partners by elaborating axonal branches. Axon branching is promoted by extracellular ...

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

후각 감각 축색 돌연변이 분자 식별 코드의 시각화를위한 뒷 전구의 4 배 면역 면역 측정법

The mouse olfactory system is often used to study mechanisms of neural circuit formation&#12288;because of its simple anatomical structure. An Olfactory ...

Improving the Application of High Molecular Weight Biotinylated Dextran Amine for Thalamocortical Projection Tracing in the Rat

높은 분자량 Biotinylated Dextran 아민 Thalamocortical 프로젝션 쥐에 추적에 대 한 응용 프로그램 향상

High molecular weight biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) has been used as a highly sensitive neuroanatomical tracer for many decades. Since the quality of ...

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

시 냅 스 밀도 Hippocampal 설치류 두뇌 분할 영역에서의 평가

In the brain, synapses are specialized junctions between neurons, determining the strength and spread of neuronal signaling. The number of synapses is ...

Visualization and Live Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Organelles in Organotypic Brain Slices Using Adeno-associated Virus and Confocal Microscopy

시각화 및 Adeno 관련 바이러스 및 Confocal 현미경 검사 법을 사용 하 여 Organotypic 뇌 조각에서 Oligodendrocyte 세포의 라이브 영상

Neurons rely on the electric insulation and trophic support of myelinating oligodendrocytes. Despite the importance of oligodendrocytes, the advanced ...