Name: application of aorta-gonad-mesonephros explant culture system in developmental hematopoiesis
Uploaded: 2017-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis at JoVE.com

Nous remercions Suwei Gao d’aide dans la préparation de la figure. Ce travail a été soutenu par des subventions de la Fondation nationale sciences naturelles de Chine (81530004, 31425016) et le ministère des sciences et technologie de la Chine (2016YFA0100500). J.L. effectué les expériences et rédigé le manuscrit ; F.L. édition le manuscrit. Les deux auteurs ont lu et approuvé le manuscrit final.

toutes les procédures y compris les sujets animaux ont été approuvés par le Comité d’examen éthique de l’Institut de zoologie, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chine.
 1. préparation de matériel <ol><li>stériliser le 0,65 µm filtres avec ultraviolet rayons produits sous l’ultraviolet ray lampe sur le banc propre pendant 4 h et retourner les filtres après la marque de 2 h. 
	Remarque : Lorsque vous travaillez avec la lumière UV, porter une protection appropriée....

<ol>
	<li>Bertrand, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haematopoietic+stem+cells+derive+directly+from+aortic+endothelium+during+development.">Haematopoietic stem cells derive directly from aortic endothelium during development.</a> Nature. 464, 108-111 (2010).</li><li>Boisset, J. C., Robin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+the+founder+of+adult+hematopoiesis+in+the+mouse+embryo+aorta.">Imaging the founder of adult hematopoiesis in the mouse embryo aorta.</a> Cell cycle. 9, 2489-2490 (2010).</li><li>Kissa, K., Herbomel, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+stem+cells+emerge+from+aortic+endothelium+by+a+novel+type+of+cell+transition.">Blood stem cells emerge from aortic endothelium by a novel type of cell transition.</a> Nature. 464, 112-115 (2010).</li><li>Zovein, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fate+tracing+reveals+the+endothelial+origin+of+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Fate tracing reveals the endothelial origin of hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3, 625-636 (2008).</li><li>Kumaravelu, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+developmental+anatomy+of+definitive+haematopoietic+stem+cells+long-term+repopulating+units+(HSC/RUs):+role+of+the+aorta-gonad-mesonephros+(AGM)+region+and+the+yolk+sac+in+colonisation+of+the+mouse+embryonic+liver.">Quantitative developmental anatomy of definitive haematopoietic stem cells long-term repopulating units (HSC/RUs): role of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region and the yolk sac in colonisation of the mouse embryonic liver.</a> Development. 129, 4891-4899 (2002).</li><li>Orkin, S. H., Zon, L. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hematopoiesis:+an+evolving+paradigm+for+stem+cell+biology.">Hematopoiesis: an evolving paradigm for stem cell biology.</a> Cell. 132, 631-644 (2008).</li><li>Medvinsky, A., Dzierzak, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Definitive+hematopoiesis+is+autonomously+initiated+by+the+AGM+region.">Definitive hematopoiesis is autonomously initiated by the AGM region.</a> Cell. 86, 897-906 (1996).</li><li>Peeters, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ventral+embryonic+tissues+and+Hedgehog+proteins+induce+early+AGM+hematopoietic+stem+cell+development.">Ventral embryonic tissues and Hedgehog proteins induce early AGM hematopoietic stem cell development.</a> Development. 136, 2613-2621 (2009).</li><li>Taoudi, S., Medvinsky, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+identification+of+the+hematopoietic+stem+cell+niche+in+the+ventral+domain+of+the+embryonic+dorsal+aorta.">Functional identification of the hematopoietic stem cell niche in the ventral domain of the embryonic dorsal aorta.</a> PNAS. 104, 9399-9403 (2007).</li><li>Crisan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BMP+and+Hedgehog+Regulate+Distinct+AGM+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells+Ex+Vivo.">BMP and Hedgehog Regulate Distinct AGM Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 6, 383-395 (2016).</li><li>Durand, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stromal+clones+reveal+developmental+regulators+of+definitive+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Embryonic stromal clones reveal developmental regulators of definitive hematopoietic stem cells.</a> PNAS. 104, 20838-20843 (2007).</li><li>Fleury, M., Petit-Cocault, L., Clay, D., Souyri, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mpl+receptor+defect+leads+to+earlier+appearance+of+hematopoietic+cells/hematopoietic+stem+cells+in+the+Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros+region,+with+increased+apoptosis.">Mpl receptor defect leads to earlier appearance of hematopoietic cells/hematopoietic stem cells in the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros region, with increased apoptosis.</a> Int J Dev Biol. 54, 1067-1074 (2010).</li><li>Lv, J., Wang, L., Gao, Y., Ding, Y. Q., Liu, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=5-hydroxytryptamine+synthesized+in+the+aorta-gonad-mesonephros+regulates+hematopoietic+stem+and+progenitor+cell+survival.">5-hydroxytryptamine synthesized in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell survival.</a> J Exp Med. 214, 529-545 (2017).</li><li>Souilhol, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inductive+interactions+mediated+by+interplay+of+asymmetric+signalling+underlie+development+of+adult+haematopoietic+stem+cells.">Inductive interactions mediated by interplay of asymmetric signalling underlie development of adult haematopoietic stem cells.</a> Nature communications. 7, 10784 (2016).</li><li>Fitch, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling+from+the+sympathetic+nervous+system+regulates+hematopoietic+stem+cell+emergence+during+embryogenesis.">Signaling from the sympathetic nervous system regulates hematopoietic stem cell emergence during embryogenesis.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 11, 554-566 (2012).</li><li>Bianchi, M., Moser, C., Lazzarini, C., Vecchiato, E., Crespi, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Forced+swimming+test+and+fluoxetine+treatment:+in+vivo+evidence+that+peripheral+5-HT+in+rat+platelet-rich+plasma+mirrors+cerebral+extracellular+5-HT+levels,+whilst+5-HT+in+isolated+platelets+mirrors+neuronal+5-HT+changes.">Forced swimming test and fluoxetine treatment: in vivo evidence that peripheral 5-HT in rat platelet-rich plasma mirrors cerebral extracellular 5-HT levels, whilst 5-HT in isolated platelets mirrors neuronal 5-HT changes.</a> Exp Brain Res. 143, 191-197 (2002).</li><li>Ortiz, J., Artigas, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+monoamine+uptake+inhibitors+on+extracellular+and+platelet+5-hydroxytryptamine+in+rat+blood:+different+effects+of+clomipramine+and+fluoxetine.">Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors on extracellular and platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat blood: different effects of clomipramine and fluoxetine.</a> Br J Pharmacol. 105, 941-946 (1992).</li><li>Wong, D. T., Horng, J. S., Bymaster, F. P., Hauser, K. L., Molloy, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+selective+inhibitor+of+serotonin+uptake:+Lilly+110140,+3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine.">A selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake: Lilly 110140, 3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine.</a> Life sciences. 15, 471-479 (1974).</li><li>Chen, M. J., Yokomizo, T., Zeigler, B. M., Dzierzak, E., Speck, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Runx1+is+required+for+the+endothelial+to+haematopoietic+cell+transition+but+not+thereafter.">Runx1 is required for the endothelial to haematopoietic cell transition but not thereafter.</a> Nature. 457, 887-891 (2009).</li><li>Rybtsov, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hierarchical+organization+and+early+hematopoietic+specification+of+the+developing+HSC+lineage+in+the+AGM+region.">Hierarchical organization and early hematopoietic specification of the developing HSC lineage in the AGM region.</a> J Exp Med. 208, 1305-1315 (2011).</li><li>Muthuswamy, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bringing+together+the+organoid+field:+from+early+beginnings+to+the+road+ahead.">Bringing together the organoid field: from early beginnings to the road ahead.</a> Development. 144, 963-967 (2017).</li></ol>

Il est bien connu que CSH matures dans la moelle osseuse peut repeupler l’approvisionnement en sang des receveurs irradiés. Contrairement à ces autorenouveler fonctionnelle, le CSH émergentes dans l’Assemblée générale annuelle des embryons de souris est immatures. Transplantation directe est ressorti ce type j’ai (VE-cad+ CD45– CD41+) et type II (VE-cad+ CD45+) pre-CSH posséder aucune reconstitution capacité20. Profitant du sys...

Les cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH) sont spécifiques des tissus de cellules souches adultes qui possèdent des cellules lymphoïdes et multilignée potentiel y compris érythroïdes, myéloïde, ainsi que la capacité à se renouveler. Des études récentes ont montré que les premiers autorenouveler provient d’une population endothéliale spécialisée, appelée endothélium hemogenic (HE), à travers l’endothélium de transition hématopoïétique (ISE) à la paroi ventrale de l’aorte dorsale1,2 ,3,4. Une fois formé dans la région aorte-gonades-mésonéphros (AGA) d’embryonnaire (E) 10,5 à E12.5 dans l’embryon de souris, GPX va migrer dans le foie fœtal pour l’expansion et finalement coloniser la moelle osseuse afin de maintenir l’hématopoïèse adulte tout au long de la vie d’un individu 5 , 6. bien que cela ait été étudiée pendant de nombreuses années, les mécanismes sous-jacents des HSC émergence et le développement restent incomplètement compris.
Contrairement à la fécondation in vitro et le développement de l’embryon de poisson zèbre, développement intra-utérin d’embryons de souris rend l’étude de l’hématopoïèse définitive au cours de l’embryogenèse beaucoup plus gênant. Bien que des expériences génétiques à l’aide de la souris knockout (KO) sont couramment utilisés, l’absence de certaines souris KO limite aussi leur utilisation dans le domaine de la recherche hématopoïétique. En outre, des expériences in vivo sauvetage ne sont pas facilement effectuées chez la souris KO. Depuis 1996, la culture d’explants d’AGA a été développée pour études hématopoïétiques par les pionniers dans la zone7. Avec l’aide de ce système de culture, tissus ventrales de la région d’AGA ont été identifiés pour promouvoir l’activité de l’HSC, tandis que les tissus dorsales exercent un autre effet8,9. Le système de culture des explants AGM a également été appliqué pour déterminer le rôle de la sérotonine, Mpl, SCF, BMP et HSC développement10,11,12,13, de signalisation Hedgehog 14. ce qui est important, c’est aussi une méthode populaire utilisée pour sauver des défauts hématopoïétiques en embryons mutants13,15.

<table style="border-collapse:collapse;width:458pt" width="610">
	<colgroup>
		<col style="width:162pt" width="216" />
		<col style="width:81pt" width="108" />
		<col style="width:89pt" width="119" />
		<col style="width:125pt" width="167" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl67" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">durapore 0.65 &#181;m filters</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Millipore</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">R5BA63787</td>
			<td class="xl67" style="width:125pt" width="167">AGM explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl67" height="42" style="height:31.5pt">M5300 long-term culture medium</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">5300</td>
			<td class="xl67">AGM explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">Trizol&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Tiangen</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">5829</td>
			<td class="xl67">RNA extration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">M-MLV reverse transcriptase</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Promega</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">90694</td>
			<td class="xl67">reverse transcription</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">SYBR Green</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Qiagen</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">A6002</td>
			<td class="xl67">quantatitive real-time PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">protease inhibitor</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Roche</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">55622</td>
			<td class="xl67">Protein extration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">collagenase</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">C2674</td>
			<td class="xl67">digestion of AGM tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">MethoCult GF M3434 medium</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">3434</td>
			<td class="xl67">CFU-C assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">ultra-low attachment 24-well plates</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Costar</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">3473</td>
			<td class="xl67">CFU-C assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl67" height="63" style="height:47.25pt">C57BL/6 CD45.2 mice</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119"></td>
			<td class="xl67">CFU-S assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="63" style="width:162pt;height:47.25pt" width="216">C57BL/6 CD45.1 mice</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119"></td>
			<td class="xl67">Long-term transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Life Technologines</td>
			<td class="xl69" style="width:89pt" width="119">8115284</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">AGM Collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="21" style="width:162pt;height:15.75pt" width="216">Penicillin-Streptomycin solution</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">HyClone</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">SV30010</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">AGM explant culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">anti-CD45.2-PE-CY7</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">eBioscience</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">25-0454-80</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">Long-term transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">anti-CD45-FITC</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">eBioscience</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">11-0451-81</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">Long-term transplantation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105" style="height:78.75pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="105" style="width:162pt;height:78.75pt" width="216">UV lamp</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Beijing jiangmorning yuan bio-technology co., LTD</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">039-14402</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">power: 30W</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="63" style="width:162pt;height:47.25pt" width="216">stainless steel mesh</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">AS ONE SHANGHAI Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">2-9817-10&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">aperture diameter: 2.5 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42" style="height:31.5pt">
			<td class="xl68" height="42" style="width:162pt;height:31.5pt" width="216">hydrocortisone</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:81pt" width="108">Sigma</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:89pt" width="119">H0396</td>
			<td class="xl68" style="width:125pt" width="167">selectively diluted into M5300 medium</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

application of aorta-gonad-mesonephros explant culture system in developmental hematopoiesis

La limitation de l’utilisation des embryons de souris pour les études de l’hématopoïèse est l’inconvénient supplémentaire dans les opérations, qui est en grande partie due au développement intra-utérin de l’embryon. Bien que les données génétiques de souris knockout (KO) sont convaincants, il n’est pas réaliste pour produire des souris KO pour tous les gènes selon les besoins. En outre, effectuer en vivo sauvetage expériences afin de consolider les données obtenues des souris KO n’est pas commode. Pour surmonter ces limites, la culture d’explants d’aorte-gonades-mésonéphros (AGM) a été développée comme un système approprié d’étudier le développement de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH). Surtout pour des expériences de sauvetage, il peut être utilisé pour récupérer l’hématopoïèse altérée chez les souris KO. En ajoutant les produits chimiques appropriés dans le milieu, la signalisation ayant une déficience peut être réactivée ou voies de régulation peuvent être inhibées. Avec l’utilisation de cette méthode, beaucoup d’expériences peuvent être effectuées pour identifier les régulateurs critiques du développement HSC, y compris de HSC liées à l’expression des gènes à des niveaux d’ARNm et de protéines, la capacité de formation de colonie et capacité de reconstitution. Cette série d’expériences serait utile pour définir les mécanismes sous-jacents essentiels pour le développement de l’HSC chez les mammifères.

Une publication récente a rapporté sérotonine de culture cellulaire endothéliale favorise la survie des CSH en inhibant la voie de pro-apoptotic dans l' Assemblée générale annuelle13. Pour confirmer l’effet promoteur de la sérotonine sur le développement de l’HSC, fluoxétine a été inclus. Comme un inhibiteur de recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS), la fluoxétine a été démontrée inhibe la réabsorption de la sérotonine dans les tissus périphéri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis at JoVE.com

Application of Aorta-gonad-mesonephros Explant Culture System in Developmental Hematopoiesis

Ce protocole décrit l’utilisation d’aorte-gonades-celles cultivées pour les analyses d’expression, unités formant des colonies dans la culture et de la rate et la reconstitution à long terme pour déterminer l’effet des facteurs de régulation et les voies de signalisation sur souches hématopoïétiques développement des cellules. Cela a été démontré comme un système efficace pour l’étude de fonction et la biologie de cellules souches hématopoïétiques.

Application du système de Culture aorte-gonades-mésonéphros Explant dans l’hématopoïèse perfectionnement

The limitation of using mouse embryos for hematopoiesis studies is the added inconvenience in operations, which is largely due to the intrauterine ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to use an aorta-gonad-mesonephros explant culture to investigate the critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell development. This method can help answer key questions in HSC biology and function fields about how to identify the factors involved in the regulation of HSC development in mammals. The main advantage of this technique is that these regulators can be verified through DNA expression analysis and the colony formation ability and the reconstitution capacity of the HSC.Generally individuals new to this method will struggle because the precise separation of AGM from the surrounding tissues in the trunk region requires practice to master. Before beginning the procedure place stainless steel meshes into individual wells of a six-well plate containing two milliliters of freshly prepared fluoxetine-supplemented medium per well. Place one UV-sterilized 0.65 microliter filter per experimental well into a glass cell culture dish containing fresh boiling water for two three-minute washes, immersing the filters in a container of room temperature PBS for two minutes after each wash.Then place one filter onto each steel mesh at the air-liquid interface of each well. Next use the dissecting scissors to strip the uterus from an embryonic day-11 pregnant mouse and harvest the embryos from the uterus. Using dissecting scissors remove the yolk sac, umbilical cord and viscera from the embryo body.And carefully remove the dorsal nerve tissues and surrounding muscular tissues. Using forceps remove the tissues from the anterior and hind limbs. And separate the AGM region from the embryo body.Then place each AGM onto a single filter at the air-liquid interface of each well. Place the cultures in a 37 degree Celsius and 5%CO2 incubator. After two to three days, transfer the AGM samples into individual 1.5-milliliter microcentrifuge tubes containing 200 microliters of collagenase for their dissociation at 37 degrees Celsius for about 20 minutes with shaking every five minutes.At the end of the digestion stop the reactions with 200 microlilters of serum per explant. Transfer the entire contents of each tube into individual wells of a 24-well ultra-low attachment plate containing 500 to 600 microliters of M3434 medium per well. Mix the cells in each well with a one milliliter syringe without a needle.Place the plate in the cell culture incubator. The number of colony-forming units within each well can then be scored after seven to 10 days of culture. For in vivo AGM explant transplantation after two to three days of AGM culture as just demonstrated, lethally eradiate eight to 10-week-old male C57 black six mice with nine grays of radiation.Four to five hours later dissociate the harvested explants in 200 microliters of collagenase per samples as demonstrated. Load of 0.5 to one embryo equivalent of the resulting single-cell suspensions into one one-milliliter syringe per recipient animal. Place the first irradiated mouse into a restrainer and wipe the tail with a 75%ethanol-soaked cotton swab to promote tail vein vasodilation.Intravenously inject the entire contents of one syringe into a dilated tail vein. Use an antiseptic swab to stop the bleeding after removal of the needle. Then return the animal to its cage, and inject the next animal.11 days after the adoptive transfer the spleens can be fixed in Bouin's solution for macroscopic enumeration of the visible spleen colonies. Fluoxetine-supplemented AGM cultures demonstrate an increased expression of Runx1, a pivotal gene for HSC development at the mRNA and protein expression levels. Fluoxetine can also significantly increase the colony formation ability of HSC in the AGM including burst-forming unit erythroids, colony-forming unit granular monocytes and colony-forming unit granulocytes, erythrocytes, macrophages and megakaryocytes.Further in vivo transplantation of fluoxetine-treated HSC isolated from AGM explants results in increased numbers of colonies in the spleens of irradiated adult recipient animals. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to isolate the AGM and to perform an AGM explant culture for the identification of the critical regulators of HSC development within the AGM.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

An Optogenetic Approach for Assessing Formation of Neuronal Connections in a Co-culture System

Une approche pour l&#39;évaluation optogénétiques formation des connexions neuronales dans un système de co-culture

Here we describe a protocol to generate a co-culture consisting of 2 different neuronal populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ...

Recherche

Biologie du développement

Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol

Production à grande échelle de cardiomyocytes à partir pluripotentes humaines cellules souches en utilisant un petit protocole Différenciation Molecule-Based hautement reproductible

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust ...

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

Application de RNAi et Expression du facteur de Transcription induite par la chaleur-choc pour reprogrammer les cellules germinales de neurones chez c. elegans

Studying the cell biological processes during converting the identities of specific cell types provides important insights into mechanism that maintain ...

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

Génération efficace du pancréas/duodénum homéotique Protein 1+ postérieure Foregut/pancréatique progéniteurs de hPSCs dans les Cultures de l’adhérence

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic cells are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and a platform to study human ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Dans Vitro génération du Somite dérivés de Human induit Pluripotent Stem cellules

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Hemogenic Endothelium Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in A Feeder- and Xeno-free Defined Condition

Différenciation hémogénique de l'endothélium par des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines dans une condition définie sans mangeoire et sans xéno

Deriving functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been an elusive goal for autologous ...

In vitro Neuromuscular Junction Induced from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Jonction neuromusculaire in vitro induite par les cellules souches pluripotentes induites par l’homme

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse that transmits action potentials from the motor neuron to skeletal muscle for mechanical ...

A 3-D Tail Explant Culture to Study Vertebrate Segmentation in Zebrafish

Une culture d’explantation de queue 3D pour étudier la segmentation des vertébrés chez le poisson zèbre

Vertebrate embryos pattern their major body axis as repetitive somites, the precursors of vertebrae, muscle, and skin. Somites progressively segment from ...