Name: microfluidic devices for characterizing pore-scale event processes in porous media for oil recovery applications
Uploaded: 2018-01-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications at JoVE.com

我々 は多孔質 (ヒューストン、テキサス州、アメリカ合衆国) 内のプロセスに対する米大学コンソーシアムから金融サポートを認めます。

注意: このプロトコルは、高温のオーブン、有害化学物質、紫外線処理を含まれます。すべての化学物質等安全データシートをお読みして、機関の化学物質安全性ガイドラインに従ってください。
1. デバイスの設計
<ol><li>CAD ソフトウェア アプリケーションのフォトマスクを設計します。<ol>
<li>長さ 3 cm、幅 0.5 cm 長方形断面水路を引く (図 1b-右上)...

<ol>
	<li>Blaker, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foam+for+Gas+Mobility+Control+in+the+Snorre+Field:+The+FAWAG+Project.">Foam for Gas Mobility Control in the Snorre Field: The FAWAG Project.</a> SPE Reserv Eval Eng. 5 (04), 317-323 (2002).</li><li>Mannhardt, K., Svorst&#248;l, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+oil+saturation+on+foam+propagation+in+Snorre+reservoir+core.">Effect of oil saturation on foam propagation in Snorre reservoir core.</a> J Petrol Sci Eng. 23 (3-4), 189-200 (1999).</li><li>Falls, A. H., Lawson, J. B., Hirasaki, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Role+of+Noncondensable+Gas+in+Steam+Foams.">The Role of Noncondensable Gas in Steam Foams.</a> J Petrol Technol. 40 (01), 95-104 (1988).</li><li>Hirasaki, G. J., Miller, C. A., Szafranski, R., Lawson, J. B., Akiya, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Surfactant/Foam Process for Aquifer Remediation. , (1997).</li><li>Lv, Q., Li, Z., Li, B., Li, S., Sun, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+of+Nanoparticle-Surfactant-Stabilized+Foam+as+a+Fracturing+Fluid.">Study of Nanoparticle-Surfactant-Stabilized Foam as a Fracturing Fluid.</a> Ind Eng Chem Res. 54 (38), 9468-9477 (2015).</li><li>Conn, C. A., Ma, K., Hirasaki, G. J., Biswal, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+oil+displacement+with+foam+in+a+microfluidic+device+with+permeability+contrast.">Visualizing oil displacement with foam in a microfluidic device with permeability contrast.</a> Lab Chip. 14 (20), 3968-3977 (2014).</li><li>Ma, K., Liontas, R., Conn, C. A., Hirasaki, G. J., Biswal, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+improved+sweep+with+foam+in+heterogeneous+porous+media+using+microfluidics.">Visualization of improved sweep with foam in heterogeneous porous media using microfluidics.</a> Soft Matter. 8 (41), 10669 (2012).</li><li>Anna, S. L., Bontoux, N., Stone, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+dispersions+using+"flow+focusing"+in+microchannels.">Formation of dispersions using "flow focusing" in microchannels.</a> Appl Phys Lett. 82 (3), 364 (2003).</li><li>Gauteplass, J., Chaudhary, K., Kovscek, A. R., Fern&#248;, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pore-level+foam+generation+and+flow+for+mobility+control+in+fractured+systems.">Pore-level foam generation and flow for mobility control in fractured systems.</a> Colloid Surface A. 468, 184-192 (2015).</li><li>Kovscek, A. R., Radke, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gas+bubble+snap-off+under+pressure-driven+flow+in+constricted+noncircular+capillaries.">Gas bubble snap-off under pressure-driven flow in constricted noncircular capillaries.</a> Colloid Surface A. 117 (1-2), 55-76 (1996).</li><li>G&#233;raud, B., Jones, S. A., Cantat, I., Dollet, B., M&#233;heust, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+flow+of+a+foam+in+a+two-dimensional+porous+medium:+FOAM+FLOW+IN+A+2-D+POROUS+MEDIUM.">The flow of a foam in a two-dimensional porous medium: FOAM FLOW IN A 2-D POROUS MEDIUM.</a> Water Resour Res. 52 (2), 773-790 (2016).</li><li>Lin, Y. -. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Examining+Asphaltene+Solubility+on+Deposition+in+Model+Porous+Media.">Examining Asphaltene Solubility on Deposition in Model Porous Media.</a> Langmuir. 32 (34), 8729-8734 (2016).</li><li>Bartolo, D., Degr&#233;, G., Nghe, P., Studer, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+stickers.">Microfluidic stickers.</a> Lab Chip. 8 (2), 274-279 (2008).</li><li>Kenzhekhanov, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Chemical EOR process visualization using NOA81 micromodels. , (2017).</li><li>Zhuang, Y. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+Investigation+of+Asphaltene+Deposition+in+a+Transparent+Microchannel.">Experimental Investigation of Asphaltene Deposition in a Transparent Microchannel.</a> Proceedings of the 1st Thermal and Fluid Engineering Summer Conference. , (2016).</li><li>Ma, K., Rivera, J., Hirasaki, G. J., Biswal, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wettability+control+and+patterning+of+PDMS+using+UV-ozone+and+water+immersion.">Wettability control and patterning of PDMS using UV-ozone and water immersion.</a> J Colloid Interf Sci. 363 (1), 371-378 (2011).</li><li>Duffy, D. C., McDonald, J. C., Schueller, O. J. A., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+Prototyping+of+Microfluidic+Systems+in+Poly(dimethylsiloxane).">Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidic Systems in Poly(dimethylsiloxane).</a> Anal Chem. 70 (23), 4974-4984 (1998).</li><li>Sollier, E., Murray, C., Maoddi, P., Di Carlo, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+prototyping+polymers+for+microfluidic+devices+and+high+pressure+injections.">Rapid prototyping polymers for microfluidic devices and high pressure injections.</a> Lab Chip. 11 (22), 3752 (2011).</li><li>Lee, J. N., Park, C., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solvent+Compatibility+of+Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based+Microfluidic+Devices.">Solvent Compatibility of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Microfluidic Devices.</a> Anal Chem. 75 (23), 6544-6554 (2003).</li><li>Silvestrini, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tailoring+the+wetting+properties+of+thiolene+microfluidic+materials.">Tailoring the wetting properties of thiolene microfluidic materials.</a> Lab Chip. 12 (20), 4041 (2012).</li><li>W&#228;gli, P., Homsy, A., de Rooij, N. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Norland+optical+adhesive+(NOA81)+microchannels+with+adjustable+wetting+behavior+and+high+chemical+resistance+against+a+range+of+mid-infrared-transparent+organic+solvents.">Norland optical adhesive (NOA81) microchannels with adjustable wetting behavior and high chemical resistance against a range of mid-infrared-transparent organic solvents.</a> Sensor Actuat B-Chem. 156 (2), 994-1001 (2011).</li><li>Hung, L. -. H., Lin, R., Lee, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+microfabrication+of+solvent-resistant+biocompatible+microfluidic+devices.">Rapid microfabrication of solvent-resistant biocompatible microfluidic devices.</a> Lab Chip. 8 (6), 983 (2008).</li></ol>

光学接着剤 micromodels オイル回復過程を研究するためこのプロトコル非高分子 micromodels-ガラスやシリコン-PDMS マイクロ流体デバイスの簡易作製などの堅牢性のバランスを。ガラスや光学接着剤の micromodels とは異なり PDMS デバイス光有機種への抵抗がないです。PDMS micromodels はまた多くの実験に最適なこれらのデバイスの表面が不安定な濡れ性、ポリマー マトリックスは19の?...

このメソッドの目的は、視覚化し、多段階・多成分流体相互作用および多孔質媒体内の複雑な細孔スケールのダイナミクスを分析することです。流動と多孔質媒体における輸送されている関心の長年にわたり、これらのシステムは、油回収、帯水層の修復、油圧破砕1,2,などのいくつかの地下深部には適用3,4,5します。 micromodels を使用すると、これらの複雑な細孔構造を模倣する、ユニークな洞察力は異なる流体相とメディア6,7,8 の細孔レベル動的イベントの可視化によって得られます。、9,10,11。
従来の石英系 micromodels の作製は高価、時間のかかる作業、挑戦、まだ比較的安価な高速、かつ簡単な代替の12,13、光学接着剤から micromodels を構築提供しています 14,15。光学接着剤他のポリマー系の micromodels と比べるより安定した表面の濡れ特性を発揮します。たとえば、ポリジメチルシロキサン (PDMS) ペーパー クラフト表面すぐになる疎水性典型的な変位実験16のコースの中に。さらに、光学接着剤は 325 MPa13,17,18に対し、PDMS のヤングは 2.5 MPa です。したがって、光学接着剤は圧力誘起変形およびチャネルの障害になりやすいです。重要なは、硬化光学接着剤は、原油と実施18光の溶剤を含む実験できる大いにより低分子量有機成分による膨潤抵抗力です。全体的にみて、光学粘着石英系 micromodels が非常に複雑なまたは高価な高温・高圧の研究は必須ではありません、原油を含む変位研究 PDMS を代替する優れたものです。
この文書で説明されているプロトコルは光学接着剤 micromodels の作製手順を追って説明し、液体の少量の操作の成功を保障する微妙なトリックを報告します。デザインとソフト ・ リソグラフィーと光学接着ベース micromodels の作製は最初に説明しました。その後、質量流量コント ローラーではない一般超低流量流体変位戦略が与えられます。次に、代表的な実験結果は、例として与えられます。この実験を明らかに泡の不安定化と伝ぱ挙動原油と異種多孔性媒質が存在。最後に、典型的な画像処理とデータ解析を行った。
メソッド記載の混相流および限られたマイクロ空間の相互作用を含む可視化アプリケーションに適したです。具体的には、このメソッドはマイクロ機能解像度 5 より大きい特性の最適化され未満 700 μ m 標準的なフロー率が 0.1 を 1 mL/h 程度。原油や周囲条件下でこれらの最適化されたパラメーターの順序水溶液または気体流体光溶剤変位の研究でこのプロトコルは適切なはずです。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3 mL Leur-Lok Syringe</td>
			<td>Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>14-823-435</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mL Glass Syringe</td>
			<td>Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>1482698G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Photomask</td>
			<td>CAD/Art Services</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicon Wafer</td>
			<td>University Wafer</td>
			<td>452</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propylene-Glycol-Methyl-Ether-Acetate&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>484431-4L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>150 mm Glass Petri Dish</td>
			<td>Carolina Biological Supply</td>
			<td>#721134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60 mm Plastic Petri Dish</td>
			<td>Carolina Biological Supply</td>
			<td>#741246</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mask Aligner</td>
			<td>EV Group</td>
			<td>EVG 620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mm Biopsy Punch</td>
			<td>Miltex, Plainsboro, NJ</td>
			<td>69031-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Industrial Dispensing Tip</td>
			<td>CML Supply</td>
			<td>Gauge 23</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX-71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasma System</td>
			<td>Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td>PDC-32G</td>
			<td>Plasma cleaner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polydimehtylsiloxane (PDMS)</td>
			<td>Dow Corning, Midland, MI</td>
			<td>SYLGARD 184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Norland Optical Adhesive 81 (NOA81) or (OA)</td>
			<td>Norland Products Inc.</td>
			<td>8116</td>
			<td>Optical adhesive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quick-Set Epoxy</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Slides</td>
			<td>Globe Scientic Inc.</td>
			<td>1321</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 2015 Photoresist</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td>SU-8 2015</td>
			<td>Photo resist</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Pump</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>Fusion 400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Capillary Tubing</td>
			<td>SGE Analytical Science</td>
			<td>1154710C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-Speed Camera</td>
			<td>Vision Research</td>
			<td>V 4.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene Tubing</td>
			<td>Scientific Commodities Inc.</td>
			<td>#BB31695-PE/3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microfluidic devices for characterizing pore-scale event processes in porous media for oil recovery applications

マイクロ流体デバイスは、微視的なスケールでの輸送過程を研究するための多彩なツールです。需要は、伝統的なポリジメチルシロキサン (PDMS) デバイスとは異なり、耐性低分子量オイル コンポーネントをマイクロ流体デバイスに存在します。ここでは、このプロパティを持つデバイスを作るための安易な方法を示す、このプロトコルの製品を使用して、回復する泡の原油によって細孔スケール メカニズムを検査するため。最初、コンピューター支援設計 (CAD) ソフトウェアを使用して、高解像度のプリンターで透明に印刷にも、パターンが設計されています。このパターンは、フォトレジストに露光プロシージャ経由で転送されます。PDMS はパターンにキャスト、オーブンで硬化、金型を取得する削除します。(OA)、光学接着剤として一般的に使用されるチオール-エン架橋ポリマーは鋳型に注がれてし、UV 光の下で硬化します。PDMS 金型、光学接着剤キャストから剥離します。ガラス基板を準備し、デバイスの 2 つの半分を接着しています。光学接着剤ベースのデバイスは、従来の PDMS マイクロ流路デバイスよりも堅牢。エポキシ構造は多くの有機溶剤による膨潤光有機液体を含む実験の新たな可能性を開きにくい。さらに、これらのデバイスの表面濡れ性動作は PDMS よりも安定です。光学接着剤マイクロ流体デバイスの構築は簡単です、まだ PDMS ベースのデバイスの作成よりも増分より多くの努力が必要です。また、光学接着剤デバイスが有機液体で安定しているが、久しぶりに付着強度の低下を示すことができる彼ら。多孔質媒体の 2 D micromodels として機能するジオメトリに光学接着剤マイクロ流体デバイスが可能です。これらのデバイスは、高められたオイルの回復と帯水層修復に関与する細孔スケール メカニズムの私達の理解を改善するために石油の変位の研究に適用されます。

この例の実験では、水性発泡は中東原油 (5.4 cP の粘度) と 40 ° の API の重力を転置する層状透磁率コントラストと異種多孔質層内されます。PDMS 泡発生器は光学接着剤ペーパー クラフトを原油で完全に飽和した以前に接続されます。図 1 a PDMS 用フォトマスクの CAD 設計発泡ジェネレーター、フォトレジスト パターン シリコンウェーハや完成した...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications at JoVE.com

Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications

この手順の目的は、簡単かつ迅速にカスタマイズ可能なジオメトリとオイルの回復研究有機液体による膨潤抵抗マイクロ流体デバイスを生成することです。ポリジメチルシロキサン金型で最初に生成されたあり、エポキシ ベースのデバイスをキャストするために使用します。代表的な変位の研究が報告されます。

油回収用多孔質媒体における細孔スケール イベント プロセスを特徴づけるためのマイクロ流体デバイス

Microfluidic devices are versatile tools for studying transport processes at a microscopic scale. A demand exists for microfluidic devices that are ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to rapidly produce a microfluidic device with customizable geometry for its use in oil recovery studies. This method allows us to be able to study multi-phase flows in porous media. By using microfluidic systems to be able to actually visualize these types of complex flows, we can design better enhanced oil recovery methods for large scale reservoir systems.The main advantage of this technique is that it allows us to rapidly gather data and different enhanced oil recovery methods in a safe and cost-effective way. This method can provide insight into enhanced oil recovery mechanisms. It can also be applied to other systems such as CO2 sequestration and aquifer remediation.To begin, design a photo mask consisting of a rectangular channel filled with an array of posts using CAD software. Expose this pattern on a silicone wafer coated with 20 microns of photo resist. And use this master to create a PDMS mold as described in the accompanying text protocol.Place the clean PDMS mold pattern side up in the bottom of a dust free 150 millimeter plastic petri dish. Allow the PDMS to adhere to the plastic for 10 seconds and then protect the surface of the PDMS with clear plastic tape. The procedure may be paused at this point.Next, remove the tape from the pattern surface and pour optical adhesive into the dish to a depth of approximately 0.9 centimeters above the top surface of the mold. Use a cotton swab to gently remove any bubbles that form. Now, cure the optical adhesive using a UV light curing system as described in the accompanying text protocol.Next, use a box cutter to carefully break the optical adhesive out of the mold. Then, use a sturdy pair of scissors to remove excess optical adhesive from the edge of the design. Slowly peel the PDMS mold away from the optical adhesive puck.With a 1 millimeter biopsy punch, create an inlet, an outlet, and drain holes in the device. Finally, use clear tape to protect the patterned portions of the optical adhesive and PDMS surfaces. Place a new glass slide onto a spin coater and dispense one millimeter of optical adhesive onto the slide.Spin coat the slide in two steps. First, spin it at 500 RPM for five seconds and then increase the RPM to 4000 and spin it for 20 seconds. Quickly transfer the substrate to the UV light treatment and partially cure the thin optical adhesive layer under the UV light for 30 seconds.Next, place the optical adhesive cast pattern-side up and the substrate coated-side up in an oxygen plasma cleaner. Pull a vacuum to 540 millitorr. And then plasma treat the surface for 20 seconds.When finished, remove the pieces and firmly press the two treated surfaces together until all undesired air pockets have been minimized or removed. Then, place the device back under the UV light and fully cure it for 20 minutes. Next, place the device on a hot plate heated to 50 degrees celsius for 18 hours.When finished, insert six inch long segments of 0.58 millimeter ID low density polyethylene tubing into each of the ports on the device. Then, add a quickset epoxy to secure the tubing into place. Use tape to secure the microfluidic device on an inverted microscope that is equipped with a high speed camera.Select a 4x objective and focus on an area of interest. Here, the inlet region of the device is shown. Then, load three milliliters of crude or modal oil into a 10 milliliter glass syringe equipped with a 23 gauge industrial dispensing tip.Secure the syringe to the syringe pump holder and set the appropriate diameter value on the syringe pump settings. Next, load one milliliter of the displacing fluid into a three milliliter plastic syringe equipped with a 23 gauge industrial dispensing tip. Secure the syringe in the syringe pump holder and again, set the appropriate diameter value on the syringe pump settings.Connect the displacing fluid to the inlet of the device by inserting the needle tip into the tubing. Then, connect the oil-filled syringe to its port. Begin flowing the oil into the outlet port of the device at two milliliters per hour while simultaneously flowing the displacing fluid into the inlet port at 0.8 milliliters per hour.The optional foam generator will be used for this demonstration. Collect the affluent into a 20 milliliter glass vial until the two fluids both flow out the drain port. The displacing fluid should not enter the porous media, but should instead go directly out the drain until the camera is in place and the filming has begun.Begin filming the area of interest on the porous media device at a frame rate that is fast enough to capture the desired phenomenon. Additionally capture a still image of the 100%oil saturated area. Then, swiftly and simultaneously cut the tubing that is flowing in the oil while clamping the drain tube with a five centimeter binder clip.Allow the displacing fluid to invade the device until either the oil displacement reaches steady state or the camera runs out of memory. Typical results from an oil saturated micro model are shown here. In the fracture region, the foam diverts into the matrixes of lower permeability as expected.The foam is generated through two main mechanisms which can be described as pinch-off and lamella division. Foam destruction can be easily identified in the forms of coalescence, capillary suction, and diffusion coarsening. Following this method, we can actually be able to use these microfluidic systems to study other enhanced oil recovery processes, such as alkaline flooding, polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, as well as being able to use them to study other complex porous media processes such as aquifer remediation.So another area of interest is actually using these microfluidic devices to study carbon capture and sequestration. We can actually see the mechanisms by which carbon dioxide is trapped within the porous media through these microfluidic systems.

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Hの測定<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;原油や多次元ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて原油ヘッドスペース中のSは、学部長は、スイッチングおよび硫黄選択的検出

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

環境学

A Gusseted Thermogradient Table to Control Soil Temperatures for Evaluating Plant Growth and Monitoring Soil Processes

マチ付きThermogradient表は、植物の成長を評価し、土壌プロセスの監視のための土壌の温度を制御します

Thermogradient tables were first developed in the 1950s primarily to test seed germination over a range of temperatures simultaneously without using a ...

A Lipid Extraction and Analysis Method for Characterizing Soil Microbes in Experiments with Many Samples

多数の試料を用いた実験における土壌微生物の同定のための脂質抽出と分析法

Microbial communities are important drivers and regulators of ecosystem processes. To understand how management of ecosystems may affect microbial ...

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

水溶液中におけるナノ材料の分散: プロトコルの最適化に向けて

The sonication process is commonly used for de-agglomerating and dispersing nanomaterials in aqueous based media, necessary to improve homogeneity and ...

Experimental Study of the Relationship Between Particle Size and Methane Sorption Capacity in Shale

粒子径と頁岩中のメタン吸着容量との関係に関する実験的研究

The amount of adsorbed shale gas is a key parameter used in shale gas resource evaluation and target area selection, and it is also an important standard ...

Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media

金属の腐食と腐食抑制剤より少なく伝導性媒体の効率

Material corrosion can be a limiting factor for different materials in many applications. Thus, it is necessary to better understand corrosion processes, ...

Characterizing Microbiome Dynamics &#8211; Flow Cytometry Based Workflows from Pure Cultures to Natural Communities

特徴マイクロバイ ダイナミクス-フローサイトメトリー ベースの自然なコミュニティに純粋培養からワークフロー

The investigation of pure cultures and monitoring of microbial community dynamics is vital to understand and control natural ecosystems and technical ...

Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures

シングル スループット複雑な天然有機物の混合物の評価の補完的な高解像度分析の手法

Natural organic matter (NOM) is composed of a highly complex mixture of thousands of organic compounds which, historically, proved difficult to ...

Combining Fluidic Devices with Microscopy and Flow Cytometry to Study Microbial Transport in Porous Media Across Spatial Scales

流体デバイスと顕微鏡とフローサイトメトリーを組み合わせて、空間スケールを越えた多孔質培地における微生物輸送を研究

Understanding the transport, dispersion and deposition of microorganisms in porous media is a complex scientific task comprising topics as diverse as ...

An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status

個人の健康状態を監視するためのウェアラブルデバイスとのペアリングのためのアプリケーション

The current protocol aims to showcase the technology integration, providing a detailed description of adopting the HealthCloud app, developed by the ...

油回収用多孔質媒体における細孔スケール イベント プロセスを特徴づけるためのマイクロ流体デバイス

油回収用多孔質媒体における細孔スケールイベントプロセスを特徴づけるためのマイクロ流体デバイス