Name: multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of intratumoral pd-1+ tim-3+ cd8+ t cells
Uploaded: 2018-02-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af tilskud fra Institut National du kræft (Inka) (ET), Ligue contre le Cancer (ET), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (ET), ANR (Selectimmunco) (ET), Labex Immuno-onkologi (ET), SIRIC CARPEM (CG, ET). EdG blev finansieret af et fællesskab af Fondation ARC. EV og CD blev finansieret af et fællesskab af APHP (bourse année recherche). ChB er finansieret af et fællesskab af Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (contrat ph.d.). Forfatterne takke Bristol Myers Squibb for deres støtte i dette projekt. Forfatterne takker Institut for patologi af Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou og Necker (Laurianne Chambolle, Elodie Michel og Gisèle Legall). Forfatterne takke histologi platform af PARCC, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou (Corinne Lesaffre).

Denne undersøgelse blev gennemført i overensstemmelse med Helsinki-erklæringen og blev godkendt af det lokale etiske udvalg (CPP Ile de France nr. 2012-05-04). Blev indhentet informeret samtykke fra den deltager, der er inkluderet i kohorter.
1. Vævscentre materiale
<ol><li>Indsamle RCC vævsprøver på dagen for operationen. Håndtere kirurgisk modellen ved stuetemperatur (patologi afdeling).</li>
	<li>Indsamle en tumor prøve af ca 0,5 cm x 0,5 cm x 0,5 cm størrelse i et tørt reagens...

<ol>
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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nivolumab+for+Metastatic+Renal+Cell+Carcinoma:+Results+of+a+Randomized+Phase+II+Trial.">Nivolumab for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results of a Randomized Phase II Trial.</a> J Clin Oncol. 33 (13), 1430-1437 (2015).</li><li>Robert, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nivolumab+in+previously+untreated+melanoma+without+BRAF+mutation.">Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation.</a> N Engl J Med. 372 (4), 320-330 (2015).</li><li>Robert, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ipilimumab+plus+dacarbazine+for+previously+untreated+metastatic+melanoma.">Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma.</a> N Engl J Med. 364 (26), 2517-2526 (2011).</li><li>Rosenberg, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Atezolizumab+in+patients+with+locally+advanced+and+metastatic+urothelial+carcinoma+who+have+progressed+following+treatment+with+platinum-based+chemotherapy:+a+single-arm,+multicentre,+phase+2+trial.">Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial.</a> Lancet. 387 (10031), 1909-1920 (2016).</li><li>Schadendorf, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pooled+Analysis+of+Long-Term+Survival+Data+From+Phase+II+and+Phase+III+Trials+of+Ipilimumab+in+Unresectable+or+Metastatic+Melanoma.">Pooled Analysis of Long-Term Survival Data From Phase II and Phase III Trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma.</a> J Clin Oncol. 33 (17), 1889-1894 (2015).</li><li>Ribas, A., Hu-Lieskovan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+does+PD-L1+positive+or+negative+mean?.">What does PD-L1 positive or negative mean?.</a> J Exp Med. 213 (13), 2835-2840 (2016).</li><li>Rizvi, N. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+immunology.+Mutational+landscape+determines+sensitivity+to+PD-1+blockade+in+non-small+cell+lung+cancer.">Cancer immunology. Mutational landscape determines sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.</a> Science. 348 (6230), 124-128 (2015).</li><li>Roussel, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Composite+biomarkers+defined+by+multiparametric+immunofluorescence+analysis+identify+ALK-positive+adenocarcinoma+as+a+potential+target+for+immunotherapy.">Composite biomarkers defined by multiparametric immunofluorescence analysis identify ALK-positive adenocarcinoma as a potential target for immunotherapy.</a> OncoImmunology. 6 (4), e1286437 (2017).</li><li>Pages, F., Granier, C., Kirilovsky, A., Elsissy, C., Tartour, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomarqueurs+pr&#233;dictifs+de+r&#233;ponse+aux+traitements+bloquant+les+voies+de+costimulation+inhibitrices.">Biomarqueurs pr&#233;dictifs de r&#233;ponse aux traitements bloquant les voies de costimulation inhibitrices.</a> Bull Cancer. 103, S151-S159 (2016).</li><li>Tumeh, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-1+blockade+induces+responses+by+inhibiting+adaptive+immune+resistance.">PD-1 blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune resistance.</a> Nature. 515 (7528), 568-571 (2014).</li><li>Fourcade, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Upregulation+of+Tim-3+and+PD-1+expression+is+associated+with+tumor+antigen-specific+CD8++T+cell+dysfunction+in+melanoma+patients.">Upregulation of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression is associated with tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell dysfunction in melanoma patients.</a> J Exp Med. 207 (10), 2175-2186 (2010).</li><li>Koyama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adaptive+resistance+to+therapeutic+PD-1+blockade+is+associated+with+upregulation+of+alternative+immune+checkpoints.">Adaptive resistance to therapeutic PD-1 blockade is associated with upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 10501 (2016).</li><li>Wherry, E. J., Kurachi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+and+cellular+insights+into+T+cell+exhaustion.">Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 15 (8), 486-499 (2015).</li><li>Cai, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tim-3+expression+represents+dysfunctional+tumor+infiltrating+T+cells+in+renal+cell+carcinoma.">Tim-3 expression represents dysfunctional tumor infiltrating T cells in renal cell carcinoma.</a> World J Urol. 34 (4), 561-567 (2016).</li><li>Sakuishi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+Tim-3+and+PD-1+pathways+to+reverse+T+cell+exhaustion+and+restore+anti-tumor+immunity.">Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity.</a> J Exp Med. 207 (10), 2187-2194 (2010).</li><li>Stack, E. C., Wang, C., Roman, K. A., Hoyt, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplexed+immunohistochemistry,+imaging,+and+quantitation:+a+review,+with+an+assessment+of+Tyramide+signal+amplification,+multispectral+imaging+and+multiplex+analysis.">Multiplexed immunohistochemistry, imaging, and quantitation: a review, with an assessment of Tyramide signal amplification, multispectral imaging and multiplex analysis.</a> Methods. 70 (1), 46-58 (2014).</li><li>Bethmann, D., Feng, Z., Fox, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunoprofiling+as+a+predictor+of+patient's+response+to+cancer+therapy-promises+and+challenges.">Immunoprofiling as a predictor of patient's response to cancer therapy-promises and challenges.</a> Curr Opin Immunol. 45, 60-72 (2017).</li><li>Badoual, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-1-expressing+tumor-infiltrating+T+cells+are+a+favorable+prognostic+biomarker+in+HPV-associated+head+and+neck+cancer.">PD-1-expressing tumor-infiltrating T cells are a favorable prognostic biomarker in HPV-associated head and neck cancer.</a> Cancer Res. 73 (1), 128-138 (2013).</li><li>Nizard, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+resident+memory+T+cells+enhances+the+efficacy+of+cancer+vaccine.">Induction of resident memory T cells enhances the efficacy of cancer vaccine.</a> Nat Commun. 8, 15221 (2017).</li><li>Nghiem, P. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-1+Blockade+with+Pembrolizumab+in+Advanced+Merkel-Cell+Carcinoma.">PD-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab in Advanced Merkel-Cell Carcinoma.</a> N Engl J Med. 374 (26), 2542-2552 (2016).</li><li>Roussel, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Composite+biomarkers+defined+by+multiparametric+immunofluorescence+analysis+identify+ALK-positive+adenocarcinoma+as+a+potential+target+for+immunotherapy.">Composite biomarkers defined by multiparametric immunofluorescence analysis identify ALK-positive adenocarcinoma as a potential target for immunotherapy.</a> Oncoimmunology. (4), (2017).</li><li>Woods, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mismatch+in+epitope+specificities+between+IFNgamma+inflamed+and+uninflamed+conditions+leads+to+escape+from+T+lymphocyte+killing+in+melanoma.">Mismatch in epitope specificities between IFNgamma inflamed and uninflamed conditions leads to escape from T lymphocyte killing in melanoma.</a> J Immunother Cancer. 4, 10 (2016).</li><li>Granier, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tim-3+Expression+on+Tumor-Infiltrating+PD-1+CD8++T+Cells+Correlates+with+Poor+Clinical+Outcome+in+Renal+Cell+Carcinoma.">Tim-3 Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcome in Renal Cell Carcinoma.</a> Cancer Res. 77 (5), 1075-1082 (2017).</li><li>Feng, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multispectral+Imaging+of+T+and+B+Cells+in+Murine+Spleen+and+Tumor.">Multispectral Imaging of T and B Cells in Murine Spleen and Tumor.</a> J Immunol. 196 (9), 3943-3950 (2016).</li><li>Feng, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multispectral+imaging+of+formalin-fixed+tissue+predicts+ability+to+generate+tumor-infiltrating+lymphocytes+from+melanoma.">Multispectral imaging of formalin-fixed tissue predicts ability to generate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma.</a> J Immunother Cancer. 3, 47 (2015).</li><li>Fridman, W. H., Pages, F., Sautes-Fridman, C., Galon, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immune+contexture+in+human+tumours:+impact+on+clinical+outcome.">The immune contexture in human tumours: impact on clinical outcome.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 12 (4), 298-306 (2012).</li><li>Nizard, M., Roussel, H., Tartour, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+Memory+T+Cells+as+Surrogate+Markers+of+the+Efficacy+of+Cancer+Vaccines.">Resident Memory T Cells as Surrogate Markers of the Efficacy of Cancer Vaccines.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 22 (3), 530-532 (2016).</li><li>Sandoval, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucosal+imprinting+of+vaccine-induced+CD8(+)+T+cells+is+crucial+to+inhibit+the+growth+of+mucosal+tumors.">Mucosal imprinting of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells is crucial to inhibit the growth of mucosal tumors.</a> Sci Transl Med. 5 (172), 172ra120 (2013).</li><li>Carstens, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+computation+of+intratumoral+T+cells+correlates+with+survival+of+patients+with+pancreatic+cancer.">Spatial computation of intratumoral T cells correlates with survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.</a> Nat Commun. 8, 15095 (2017).</li></ol>

Ændringer og fejlfinding:
Vævet kvalitet er en vigtig parameter; Det kan let kontrolleres af hæmatoxylin og eosin farvning.
En fordel ved teknikken er muligheden for multiplex stainings, men for at undgå fluorophore spillover, anbefales det for at vælge emission bølgelængder med delta af 10 nm minimum. Her, fordi vi havde 4 stainings herunder DAPI, valgte vi at sprede ud bølgelængder (DAPI: 460 nm, AF488: 519 nm, Cyanine 3:570 nm, Cyanine 5...

I de seneste år opstået immunterapi som en meget lovende behandling af mange typer af kræft, herunder RCC. Især, immunterapi baseret på hæmning af hæmmende checkpoints som PD-1 og CTLA-4 er blevet rapporteret at være klinisk effektiv1,2,3,4,5, 6. monoklonale antistoffer mod CTLA-4, PD-1 eller Program død Ligand 1 (PD-L1) er allerede godkendt i flere kræftformer og føre til langvarige kliniske svar i mere end 20% af patienterne7. Dog ikke alle patienter er respondere, omkostningerne ved behandlingen er høj, og disse behandlinger er giftige, fører til potentiel alvorlig autoimmun-lignende bivirkninger. Derfor, den aktuelle udfordring er at identificere prædiktive markører til disse nye immunoterapi. Satsen for mutationer i tumor, udtryk for PD-L1 eller niveauer af intratumoral CD8+ T-celle infiltration er blevet rapporteret til at korrelere med klinisk respons. Denne forening er dog stadig for svag til at anbefale brugen af disse kliniske biomarkører i klinisk praksis undtagen følgesvend test for PD-L1 før administration af Pembrolizumab i ikke-småcellet lungekræft (NSCLC) kræft patienter8 ,9,1011,12. Det er blevet påvist, at fælles udtryk for mange hæmmende receptorer som PD-1, Tim-3, Lag-3, og CTLA-4, inducerer en celle udmattelse fænotype og modstand mod terapi13,14,15. Da perifert blod ikke er repræsentativ for tumor mikromiljø, er det af stor interesse at analysere de fænotypiske egenskaber af celler in situ. PD-1 og Tim-3 Co udtrykker T celler er kendt for at være funktionelt nedsat celler i flere sammenhænge13,16,17. I denne undersøgelse, prognostiske virkningen af det fælles udtryk for de to hæmmende receptorer PD-1 og Tim-3 på CD8+ T celler blev vurderet.
Op indtil nu studerer fælles udtryk for flere markører på tumor infiltrerer lymfocytter (TILs) er hovedsagelig blevet udført ved flowcytometri analyse, hvilket gør det nødvendigt at arbejde på frisk tumorer og derfor udelukkelse retrospektive analyser. Med konventionelle i situ farvning, kun én farvning ad gangen kan udføres og karakterisering af celletype, der samtidig udtrykker markørerne er ikke muligt. For eksempel, er PD-L1 udtrykt af mange celletyper af tumorsygdomme mikromiljø gør det vanskeligt at definere ved konventionelle Immunhistokemi analyse hvilke celler udtrykker PD-L1 er mere relevante for korrelationsmaalinger undersøgelser. I dette arbejde, vi udviklet en nyskabende i situ multiparametric immunofluorescens metode med computer-optælling for at korrelere fælles udtryk for PD-1 og Tim-3 af tumor infiltrerer CD8+ T-celler med kliniske resultater i RCC. Denne teknik har flere fordele, herunder mulighed for at analysere på en enkelt celle og flere mærker samtidig ved hjælp af en multispektrale kamera, der kan fange begrænset intervaller > 10 nm gennem flydende krystal filtre18. Proceduren er desuden automatisk som muliggør en indbyrdes operatør reproducerbarhed og en forkortet analyse i forhold til manuelle teknikker19. I feltet kræft rapporterede adskillige undersøgelser overbevisende flere stainings af immun molekyler som PD-1, PD-L1 og CD8 i Merkel-celle karcinom, lungekræft og hoved og hals kræft20,21,22, 23. den automatiserede celletal er muligt med uddannelse af bruger (fænotyper trin). Fluorescens er målt i forskellige celle rum (kerner, cytoplasma og membran).
Her, forskellige delgrupper af tumor infiltrerer CD8-+ T celler udtrykker PD-1 og/eller Tim-3 i en stor kohorte af RCC blev talt og resultaterne var korreleret med klinisk tyngdekraften scores og overlevelse parametre. Det var også muligt at analysere membran fluorescens intensitet på det cellulære opløsning med betyde fluorescens intensitet (MFI) data som i flowcytometri. Så vidt vi ved, er det de første undersøgelse rapportering prognostiske resultater ved hjælp af denne multispektrale imaging baseret tælle teknik.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectra 3 Automated Quantitative Pathology Imaging&#160;</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>CLS142338</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>inForm cell analysis 2.1.</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>CLS135781</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R software</td>
			<td>https://www.r-project.org</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dakopen delimiting pen</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>S2002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Buffer Salin TBS Tablets</td>
			<td>Takara, Bio Inc.</td>
			<td>TAKT9141Z</td>
			<td>pH7.6 100 tablet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Buffer Salin Tween 20 TBS(+Tween20)</td>
			<td>Takara, Bio Inc.</td>
			<td>TAKT9142Z</td>
			<td>pH 7.6 100 tablets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotin blocking system</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>X0590</td>
			<td>Avidin 0.1% and Biotin 0.01%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>normal donkey serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>017-000-001</td>
			<td>5% vol./vol. concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoroshield with DAPI</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>F6057</td>
			<td>1.5 &#181;g/mL concentration&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knittel glass coverslip</td>
			<td>Knittel&#160;Gl&#228;ser,</td>
			<td>100039</td>
			<td>24x60 mm 100 cover slips</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti-CD8 Clone P17-V</td>
			<td>novus</td>
			<td>NBP1-79055</td>
			<td>use at 4&#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-PD-1 Clone NAT</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab52587</td>
			<td>use at 2 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Tim-3</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>AF2365</td>
			<td>use at 3 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti-PD-L1 Clone SP142</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>7309457001</td>
			<td>use at 1 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse AF647 labeled pan- Keratin Clone C11&#160;</td>
			<td>Cell Signalling</td>
			<td>4528</td>
			<td>use at 0.5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-human gal9&#160;</td>
			<td>R&#38;D</td>
			<td>AF2045</td>
			<td>use at 0.3 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyan 5 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>711-175-152</td>
			<td>use at 5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotinylated F(ab&#8217;2) donkey anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>715-066-150</td>
			<td>use at 3 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor488 conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab150133</td>
			<td>use at 5 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 labeled streptavidin&#160;</td>
			<td>Amersham</td>
			<td>PA43001</td>
			<td>use at 3 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>negative control mouse IgG1</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>X0931</td>
			<td>use at 2 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IgG from goat serum</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>I5256</td>
			<td>use at 3 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IgG from rabbit serum</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>I5006</td>
			<td>use at 4&#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis and quantification of intratumoral pd-1+ tim-3+ cd8+ t cells

Immunceller er vigtige komponenter i tumor mikromiljø og påvirke tumorvækst og udvikling på alle stadier af carcinogenese. Især, er det nu veletableret at den immun infiltrere i humane tumorer kan korrelere med prognose og respons på terapi. Analysen af den immun infiltrere i tumor mikromiljø er blevet en stor udfordring for klassificering af patienter og respons på behandlingen.
Fælles udtryk for hæmmende receptorer som Program celle død Protein 1 (PD1; også kendt som CD279), cytotoksiske T-lymfocytter forbundet Protein 4 (CTLA-4), T-celle Immunoglobulin og Mucin indeholdende Protein-3 (Tim-3; også kendt som CD366) og lymfocytter Aktivering gen 3 (Lag-3; også kendt som CD223), er kendetegnende for T-celle udmattelse. Vi udviklede en multiparametric i situ immunofluorescens farvning for at identificere og kvantificere på cellulært niveau Co udtryk for disse hæmmende receptorer. På en retrospektiv serie af frossen væv af renal celle carcinomer (RCC), ved hjælp af et fluorescens multispektrale imaging-teknologi kombineret med et billede analyse software, det blev fundet at co udtryk for PD-1 og Tim-3 på tumor infiltrerer CD8+ T celler er korreleret med en dårlig prognose hos RCC. Til vores viden, dette repræsenterer den første undersøgelse viser, at denne automatiserede multiplex in situ teknologi kan have nogle kliniske relevans.

Ved hjælp af generelle protokollen beskrevet ovenfor, vi havde til formål at kvantificere intratumoral CD8+ T-celler Co udtrykker de hæmmende receptorer PD-1 og Tim-3 i frossen væv fra patienter med RCC og at sammenholde resultaterne med kliniske resultater25.
Optimering af CD8/PD-1/Tim-3 farvning:
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells at JoVE.com

Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Analysis and Quantification of Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T Cells

Multipleksede immunofluorescens analyse og kvantificering af Intratumoral PD-1+ Tim-3+ CD8+ T celler

At studere tumor mikromiljø kan identificere prognostiske eller intelligent biomarkører for klinisk respons på immunterapi. Præsenteres her, er en nyskabende metode baseret på i situ fluorescens multispektrale imaging for at analysere og regne automatisk forskellige delpopulationer af CD8+ T celler. Denne reproducerbare og pålidelige teknik egner sig til stor kohorte analyser.

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