Name: continuous flow chemistry: reaction of diphenyldiazomethane with p-nitrobenzoic acid
Uploaded: 2017-11-15T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid at JoVE.com

Vi vil gjerne takke Corning for gave glass flyt reaktoren.

helse advarsler og spesifikasjon av reagenser 
Benzophenone Hydrazone: Kan forårsake irritasjon i fordøyelsessystemet. Toksikologiske egenskapene for dette stoffet har ikke blitt undersøkt fullstendig. Kan forårsake luftveier irritasjon. Toksikologiske egenskapene for dette stoffet har ikke blitt undersøkt fullstendig. Kan forårsake hudirritasjon og øye irritasjon 18.
 aktivert mangan oksid (MnO 2): (helse MSDS rating 2) farlig ...

<ol>
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Synth. 3 (351), (1955).</li><li>Capot Chemical Co. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Material Safety Data Sheet, diphenyldiazomethane. 2017, (2010).</li><li>Science Lab. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Material Safety Data Sheet: P-nitrobenzoic acid MSDS. , 3-5 (2005).</li><li>Science Lab Chemicals &amp; Laboratory Equipment. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Material Safety Data Sheet Ethyl Alcohol 200 proof MSDS. , (2005).</li><li>Science Lab Chemicals &amp; Laboratory Equipment. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Material Safety Data Sheet Toluene MSDS. , 4-5 (2005).</li><li>Science Lab Chemicals &amp; Laboratory Equipment. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Material Safety Data Sheet o-Xylene MSDS. , 3-5 (2005).</li><li>Zheng, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-Coupling+between+Difluorocarbene+and+Carbene-Derived+Intermediates+Generated+from+Diazocompounds+for+the+Synthesis+of+gem-Difluoroolefins.">Cross-Coupling between Difluorocarbene and Carbene-Derived Intermediates Generated from Diazocompounds for the Synthesis of gem-Difluoroolefins.</a> Organic Letters. 17, 6150-6153 (2015).</li><li>Reimlinger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=1,5-Dipolar+cyclizations,+I.+Definition+and+contributions+to+the+Imidazide/Tetrazole+tautomerism.">1,5-Dipolar cyclizations, I. Definition and contributions to the Imidazide/Tetrazole tautomerism.</a> Chem. Ber. 103, 1900 (1970).</li><li>Baumann, M., Garcia, A. M. R., Baxendale, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+synthesis+of+ethyl+isocyanoacetate+enabling+the+telescoped+synthesis+of+1,2,4-triazoles+and+pyrrolo-[1,2-c]+pyrimidines.">Flow synthesis of ethyl isocyanoacetate enabling the telescoped synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles and pyrrolo-[1,2-c] pyrimidines.</a> Org Biomol Chem. 13 (14), 4231-4239 (2015).</li><li>Baumann, M., Baxendale, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+synthesis+of+active+pharmaceutical+ingredients+(APIs)+using+continuous+flow+chemistry.">The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry.</a> Beilstein J Org Chem. 11, 1194-1219 (2015).</li><li>Pastre, J. C., Browne, D. L., Ley, S. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+chemistry+syntheses+of+natural+products.">Flow chemistry syntheses of natural products.</a> Chem Soc Rev. 42 (23), 8849-8869 (2013).</li><li>Pirotte, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+Flow+Polymer+Synthesis+toward+Reproducible+Large-Scale+Production+for+Efficient+Bulk+Heterojunction+Organic+Solar+Cells.">Continuous Flow Polymer Synthesis toward Reproducible Large-Scale Production for Efficient Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells.</a> Chemsuschem. 8 (19), 3228-3233 (2015).</li><li>Kumar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous-Flow+Synthesis+of+Regioregular+Poly(3-Hexylthiophene):+Ultrafast+Polymerization+with+High+Throughput+and+Low+Polydispersity+Index.">Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Regioregular Poly(3-Hexylthiophene): Ultrafast Polymerization with High Throughput and Low Polydispersity Index.</a> J Flow Chem. 4 (4), 206-210 (2014).</li><li>Helgesen, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+Ends+Meet:+Flow+Synthesis+as+the+Answer+to+Reproducible+High-Performance+Conjugated+Polymers+on+the+Scale+that+Roll-to-Roll+Processing+Demands.">Making Ends Meet: Flow Synthesis as the Answer to Reproducible High-Performance Conjugated Polymers on the Scale that Roll-to-Roll Processing Demands.</a> Adv Energy Mater. 5 (9), 1401996 (2015).</li><li>Grenier, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electroactive+and+Photoactive+Poly[lsoindigo-alt-EDOT]+Synthesized+Using+Direct+(Hetero)Arylation+Polymerization+in+Batch+and+in+Continuous+Flow.">Electroactive and Photoactive Poly[lsoindigo-alt-EDOT] Synthesized Using Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization in Batch and in Continuous Flow.</a> Chem Mater. 27 (6), 2137-2143 (2015).</li><li>Pollet, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+(S)-1-Benzyl-3-diazo-2-oxopropylcarbamic+Acid+tert-Butyl+Ester,+a+Diazoketone+Pharmaceutical+Intermediate,+Employing+a+Small+Scale+Continuous+Reactor.">Production of (S)-1-Benzyl-3-diazo-2-oxopropylcarbamic Acid tert-Butyl Ester, a Diazoketone Pharmaceutical Intermediate, Employing a Small Scale Continuous Reactor.</a> Ind Eng Chem Res. 48 (15), 7032-7036 (2009).</li><li>Flack, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Al(OtBu)(3)+as+an+Effective+Catalyst+for+the+Enhancement+of+Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley+(MPV)+Reductions.">Al(OtBu)(3) as an Effective Catalyst for the Enhancement of Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) Reductions.</a> Org Process Res Dev. 16 (3), 1301-1306 (2012).</li><li>Aponte-Guzman, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Tandem,+Bicatalytic+Continuous+Flow+Cyclopropanation-Homo-Nazarov-Type+Cyclization.">A Tandem, Bicatalytic Continuous Flow Cyclopropanation-Homo-Nazarov-Type Cyclization.</a> Ind Eng Chem Res. 54 (39), 9550-9558 (2015).</li><li>Liotta, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+Transformations+Employing+Continuous+Flow.">Synthetic Transformations Employing Continuous Flow.</a> ACS- Fall 2013.Synthetic Transformations Employing Continuous Flow. , (2013).</li></ol>

Flyt kjemi har fått mye oppmerksomhet nylig med et gjennomsnitt på rundt 1500 publikasjoner om emnet årlig i forskningsområder kjemi (29%) og Engineering (25%). Mange vellykkede prosesser er gjennomført i flyt. I mange tilfeller flyt kjemi ble demonstrert viser overordnede forestillinger til bunke for mange programmer som forberedelsene til pharmaceutically aktive ingredienser30,31, naturlige produkter32, og spesialitet, høy verdi kj...

Grønn kjemi og engineering skaper en kultur endring for den fremtidige retningen av industrien1,2,3,4. Kontinuerlig flyt-teknologi har blitt identifisert som for sine miljømessige og økonomiske fordeler utnytte overlegen miksing, varmeoverføring, og kostnadsbesparelser gjennom "skalering ut" strategien i motsetning til den tradisjonelle "skalering opp"5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10.
Selv om industrien produsere høyverdige produkter som den farmasøytiske industrien har lenge foretrukket gruppebehandling, har fordelene ved flyt-teknologi blitt attraktive på grunn av monterer økonomisk konkurranse og kommersiell produksjon fordeler 11. For eksempel når skalere opp satsvise prosesser, pilot enheter må bygges og å fastslå nøyaktig varme og masse overføring mekanismer. Dette er neppe bærekraftig og trekker betydelig fra salgbare patent livet av produktet. Derimot kontinuerlig behandling gir fordeler av skala ut, eliminere pilot-plant fasen og engineering knyttet til produksjon skala-en betydelig økonomisk incentiv. Utover den økonomiske virkningen, kontinuerlig teknologi også gjør Atom og energi effektiv prosesser. For eksempel forbedrer forbedret blande masse overføring for bifasisk systemer, fører til bedre avlinger, katalysator utvinning strategier og påfølgende resirkuleringsprogrammer. I tillegg fører muligheten til å administrere nøyaktig reaksjon temperaturen til nøyaktig kontroll reaksjonen kinetics og produktet distribusjon12. Forbedrede kontrollen, kvaliteten på produktet (produkt selektivitet) og reproduserbarhet er slagkraftige både fra miljømessige og økonomiske standpunktene.
Flyt reaktorene er tilgjengelige kommersielt med en rekke størrelser og design. I tillegg kan lett tilpasning av reaktorer etter prosessen behov oppnås. Her rapporterer vi eksperimenter utført i glass kontinuerlig reaktoren (figur 1). Montering av microstructures (161 mm x 131 mm x 8 mm) laget av glass er kompatible med en rekke kjemikalier og løsemidler og korrosjonsbestandig over et bredt spekter av temperaturer (-25-200 ° C) og press (opptil 18 bar). Microstructures og deres arrangement ble designet for flere injeksjon, høy ytelse miksing, fleksibel botid og presis varmeoverføring. Alle microstructures er utstyrt med to fluidic lag (-25-200 ° C, inntil 3 bar) for varmen utveksling på hver side av reaksjon laget. Varme forflytning ratene er proporsjonal med varme overføring areal og omvendt proporsjonal med volumet. Dermed lette disse microstructures en optimal overflate-til-volum ratio for bedre varmeoverføring. Det finnes to typer microstructures (dvs. moduler): "blande" moduler og "lineær" moduler (figur 2). Hjerte-formet "blande" modulene er utformet for å indusere turbulens og maksimere miksing. I kontrast, gir lineær moduler ekstra botid.
Som bevis på konseptet valgte vi godt beskrevet reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane med karboksylsyre,13,,14,,15,,16,,17. Reaksjon ordningen er vist i Figur 3. Første overføring av proton fra karboksylsyre til diphenyldiazomethane er langsom og er rente-bestemme skritt. Det andre trinnet er rask og gir reaksjon produktet og nitrogen. Reaksjonen ble først undersøkt for å sammenligne relative surheten av organisk karboksylsyre i organiske løsemidler (aprotiske og protic). Reaksjonen er første orden i diphenyldiazomethane og første orden i karboksylsyrer.
Eksperimentelt, ble reaksjonen gjennomført i nærvær av store overskudd av karboksylsyre (10 molar ekvivalenter). Som en konsekvens, var hastigheten pseudo første bestillingen med hensyn til diphenyldiazomethane. Andre rekkefølge rate konstant kan deretter hentes ved å dele eksperimentelt innhentet pseudo første bestillingen frekvens konstant første konsentrasjonen av karboksylsyre. I utgangspunktet reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane med benzosyre (pKa = 4.2) ble undersøkt. I bunke, reaksjonen syntes å være relativt treg, nå om 90% konvertering i 96 minutter. Som reaksjon frekvensen er direkte proporsjonal med surheten av karboksylsyre, vi valgte som reaksjon partner surere karboksylsyre, p- nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.4) å forkorte reaksjonstid. Reaksjonen av p- nitrobenzoic syre med diphenyldiazomethane i vannfri etanol ble dermed undersøkt i bunke og flyte (Figur 4). Resultatene er gitt i detalj nedenfor.
Når reaksjonen utføres i etanol, tre produkter kan dannes: (i) benzhydryl-4-nitrobenzoate, som resultatene fra reaksjonen av p- nitrobenzoic syre med diphenylmethane diazonium mellomliggende; (ii) benzhydryl ethyl Eter som er Hentet fra reaksjon løsemiddel, etanol, med diphenylmethane diazonium; og (iii). Det produkt distribusjonen var ikke studert som det er godt dokumentert i litteratur. snarere fokuserer vi vår oppmerksomhet til teknologioverføring av satsvise reaksjonen til kontinuerlig13,14,15. Eksperimentelt var forsvinningen av diphenyldiazomethane overvåket. Reaksjonen fortsetter med levende fargeendring, som kan observeres visuelt av UV-Vis spektroskopi. Dette skyldes det faktum at diphenyldiazomethane er et sterkt lilla sammensatt mens alle andre produkter fra reaksjonen er fargeløs. Derfor reaksjonen kan visuelt overvåket på kvalitative basis og kvantitativt etterfulgt av UV spektroskopi (i.e. forsvinningen av diphenyl diazometan opptaket på 525 nm). Her rapporterer vi først reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane og p- nitrobenzoic syre i etanol satsvis som en funksjon av tid. Dernest var reaksjonen vellykket overført og gjennomført glass flyt reaktoren. Fremdriften av reaksjonen ble konstatert ved å overvåke forsvinningen av diphenyldiazomethane med UV-spektroskopi (i bunke og flyte moduser).

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			<td class="xl16" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Thermometer</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:188pt" width="251">HB-USA/ Enviro-safe</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other instrument scientific company provider works</td>
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			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Benzophenone hydrazone</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Store at 2-8 &#176;C, 96% purity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26" style="height:19.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="26" style="width:189pt;height:19.5pt" width="252">Activated MnO2</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Fluka</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">&#8805; 90% purity, harmful if inhaled or swallowed. Refer to MSDS for more safety precautions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26" style="height:19.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="26" style="width:189pt;height:19.5pt" width="252">Dibasic KH2PO4</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Serious eye damage, respiratory irritant. Refer to MSDS for more safety precautions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Dichloromethane (DCM)</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">&#8805; 99.7% purity, argon packed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Rotovap</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">B&#252;chi</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">accessory parts include Welch self-cleaning dry vacuum model 2027, and Neuberger KNP dry ice trap&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Bump trap</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Chemglass</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other instrument scientific company provider works&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Neutral Silica Gel (50-200 mM)</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Acros Organic/ Sorbent Technology</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Respiratory irritant if inhaled, refer to MSDS for more safety precautions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Inert Argon Gas</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Airgas</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Always ensure proper regulator is in place before using</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43" style="height:32.25pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="43" style="width:189pt;height:32.25pt" width="252">Medium Porosity Sintered Funnel Glass Filter</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other instrument scientific company provider works</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Aluminum Foil</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Reynolds Wrap</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other company works. Used to prevent photolytic damage towards DDM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26" style="height:19.5pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="26" style="width:189pt;height:19.5pt" width="252">Para-NO2 benzoic acid</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Skin contact irritant, eye irritant, respiratory irritant. Refer to MSDS for more safety precautions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Pure ethyl alcohol (200 proof)</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">&#8805; 99.5% purity, anhydrous. Highly flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Toluene</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">&#8805; 99.8% purity, anhydrous. Skin permeator, flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl20" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Ortho-xylene</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">99% purity, anhydrous. Toxic to organs and CNS. Adhere to specifications dictated within MSDS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Diphenyl diazo methane</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Produced in-house</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Respiratory irritant, refer to MSDS for more safety precautions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Corning reactor</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Corning Proprietary</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Manufactured in 2009. model number MR 09-083-1A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Stop watch</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Traceable Calibration Control Company</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other company that provides monitoring with laboratory grade accredidation works</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Analytical balance</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Denver Instruments</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Model M-2201, or any analytical balance that has sub-milligram capabilities</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Dram vials</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">VWR</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">2 dram, 4 dram, and 6 dram vials&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Micropipettes</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Eppendorf</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">2-20 &#956;L and 100-1000 &#956;L micropipettes work</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Glass pipettes</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">VWR</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other instrument scientific company provider works</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">GC-MS</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Shimadzu GC</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Software associated: GC Real Time Analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">GC vials</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">VWR</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Any other providing company works</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Beakers</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Pyrex</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">500 mL beakers&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Syringe pumps</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Teledyne Isco Model 500D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Relief valve</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Swagelok</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">Spring loaded relieve valve&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">One-way valves</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">Nupro&#160;</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">10 psi grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22" style="height:16.5pt">
			<td class="xl18" height="22" style="width:189pt;height:16.5pt" width="252">Two-way straight valves</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:188pt" width="251">HiP</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:81pt" width="108"></td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:617pt" width="822">15,000 psi grade</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

continuous flow chemistry: reaction of diphenyldiazomethane with p-nitrobenzoic acid

Kontinuerlig flyt-teknologi har blitt identifisert som instrumental miljømessige og økonomiske fordeler utnytte superior blander, varme overføring og kostnadsbesparelser gjennom "skalering ut" strategien i motsetning til den tradisjonelle "skalering opp". Her rapporterer vi reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane med p- nitrobenzoic syre både bunke og flyte. For å effektivt overføre reaksjonen fra parti til flyt-modus, er det avgjørende første gjennomføringen reaksjonen i satsvis. Som en konsekvens, ble reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane først studert i satsvis som en funksjon av temperatur, reaksjonstid og konsentrasjon å få kinetic informasjon og behandle parametere. Glass flyt reaktoren opplegget er beskrevet og kombinerer to modultyper reaksjon med "blande" og "lineær" microstructures. Til slutt, reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane med p- nitrobenzoic syre ble vellykket gjennomført i flyt reaktoren, med opp til 95% konvertering av diphenyldiazomethane i 11 min. Dette bevis på konseptet reaksjon som mål å gi innsikt for forskere å flyt-teknologi konkurranseevne, bærekraft og allsidighet i sin forskning.

Satsvise reaksjon Diphenyldiazomethane ble utarbeidet etter litteratur28,29. Sammensatt ble krystallisert fra petroleum Eter: ethyl acetate (100:2) og lilla krystallinsk solid ble analysert ved H1 NMR, Smeltepunkt og MS. Analysene var i samsvar med strukturen og rapportert litteratur verdier.
Reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane (1.0 mM) med ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid at JoVE.com

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Flyt kjemi bærer miljømessige og økonomiske fordeler ved å utnytte overlegen miksing, varme overføring og koste fordeler. Her gir vi en blåkopi for å overføre kjemiske prosesser fra parti til flyt modus. Reaksjonen av diphenyldiazomethane (DDM) med p- nitrobenzoic acid, gjennomført i satsvis og flyt, ble valgt for bevis på konseptet.

Kontinuerlig kjemi: Reaksjon av Diphenyldiazomethane med p- Nitrobenzoic syre

Continuous flow technology has been identified as instrumental for its environmental and economic advantages leveraging superior mixing, heat transfer and ...

The overall goal of this technique is to transfer chemical processes from batch to flow mode as demonstrated by the reaction of diphenyldiazomethane with para-Nitrobenzoic acid in a continuous flow reactor. This method can help identify how best to approach the technology transfer of chemical transformations from batch to flow processes. The main advantage of this techniques are chemical reactions that require precise temperature control and mixing or highly reactive intermediate or reagents.It is essential to first establish reaction kinetics and operational parameters in batch mode. After reaction optimization, the process can be transferred to flow mode. First, check that each high-pressure 500 milliliter syringe pump is connected to its own pump controller.Empty the solvent collection beakers. Place 400 milliliters of reagent grade ethanol in a clean beaker. Transfer one syringe pump inlet feed tube to the beaker and fully open the corresponding pump inlet valve.Then, on the syringe pump controller, select Constant Flow in the port connecting the controller to the pump transducer. Start filling the syringe pump with ethanol at 70 milliliters per minute. Monitor the flow rate reading and the solvent level in the beaker.Express the air from the pump. Once the syringe pump is full and pumping has stopped, close the inlet valve. Repeat this process to fill the second syringe pump with ethanol.Then, open one pump outlet valve and start flowing ethanol through the continuous flow reactor system. Set the flow rate to 30 milliliters per minute. Check for leaks and blockages and verify that the ethanol is flowing through the entire reactor.Once the pump is empty, close the outlet valve and repeat the process with the other syringe pump. Clean each pump in this way, two to three times. Then, close the valves and empty the solvent waste.To begin the synthesis, place the inlet tube of the syringe pump connected to the second module in 100 milliliters of a 0.01 molar solution of DDM in anhydrous ethanol spiked with toluene. Open the pump inlet valve. Draw up the DDM solution at 70 milliliters per minute.If some solution is left in the flask when the pump stops, transfer the pump outlet tube to the flask of DDM solution and open the outlet valve. Decrease the flow rate to 30 milliliters per minute and run the pump until the solution appears in the outlet tube. Then, stop the pump.After drawing up the DDM solution, purge the syringe pump of air until the solution has been fully loaded into the pump. Then, close the outlet valve. Transfer the solution to a cuvette for UV-VIS spectroscopy.Set the DDM pump flow rate to 1.42 milliliters per minute. Fill the other pump with 250 milliliters of a 0.1 molar solution of para-nitrobenzoic acid in anhydrous ethanol spiked with orthoxylene. Set that pump to 3.58 milliliters per minute.Once both pumps have been filled, and their outlet valves are open, start the pumps. Monitor the flow into modules one and two and the mixing in modules three and four. The solution should be colorless after module four.Collect aliquots at 90-second intervals and monitor the reaction with UV-VIS spectroscopy. Once the reaction is complete, clean the pumps twice each with 400 milliliters of ethanol. Flow through the system at 10 milliliters per minute.Then, fill each pump with air and push the air through the system to finish cleaning. The reaction of at least a 10-fold excess of para-nitrobenzoic acid in DDM in a continuous flow reactor was monitored with UV-VIS spectroscopy. Comparison to a batch reaction performed with a 10 to one molar ratio, indicated the successful transfer of the procedure from batch to flow mode.95%reaction completion was achieved within the 11 minute residence time of the continuous flow reaction. Complete conversion could be achieved by extending the residence time to 33 minutes. While attempting this procedure, remember to use appropriate and calibrated temperature, pressure and flow controls.The reactor and pumps must be carefully cleaned before subsequent use for either the same or a different process. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to perform a continuous flow reaction. Flow technology offers significant advantages over batch processing, including the capability to scale out an existing system to larger scales.The ability to acquire data in tandem with flow processes is a powerful tool that can be expanded to many other fields of research. We hope this technique encourages scientists to adopt flow technology as a tool.

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