Name: pre-conditioning the airways of mice with bleomycin increases the efficiency of orthotopic lung cancer cell engraftment
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pre-Conditioning the Airways of Mice with Bleomycin Increases the Efficiency of Orthotopic Lung Cancer Cell Engraftment at JoVE.com

Bu çalışmada Ulusal Kanser Enstitüsü (R01CA166376 ve R01CA191489 D.X. Nguyen için) ve Savunma Bakanlığı (W81XWH-16-1-0227 D.X. Nguyen için) gelen hibe tarafından finanse edildi.

Tüm deneyler kurumsal hayvan bakım ve kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) Yale Üniversitesi'nde iletişim kuralları uyarınca gerçekleştirilmiştir.
1. set Up / reaktifleri hazırlanması.
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Bleomycin Dikkat: genel olarak uyumlu sistem (GHS üzerinde) sınıflandırma ve etiketleme, kimyasal bağlı olarak, bleomycin bir GHS08 sa˜l ' sınıflandırılır.<ol>
<li>Bleomycin bir kimyasal başlıklı hazırlayın. 15 U 5 mL steril fosfat tamponlu tuz (PBS) de resuspend....

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Akciğer kanseri ve diğer kronik hastalıklar akciğer36arasında çarpıcı klinik paralellikler belgelenmiştir. Özellikle, idiyopatik pulmoner fibrozis (IPF) olan hastalarda gelişen akciğer kanseri için artan bir tercih var ve bu ilişki geçmiş37,38sigara bağımsızdır. IPF ilerici imha akciğer mimarisi ve bozulmuş solunum işlevini, ECM39birikimi ile karakterizedir. Ayrıca, cerrahi rezeksiyon bir zav...

Akciğer kanseri olduğu önde gelen kanser nedeni ile ilgili ölümlerin dünya çapında1. Akciğer kanseri olan hastalarda sonunda metastaz yenik uzak organlara, özellikle merkezi sinir sistemi, karaciğer, böbrek üstü bezleri ve kemikler2,3,4. Torasik maligniteler geleneksel olarak küçük hücreli akciğer kanseri (SCLC) veya küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (NSCLC)5sınıflandırılmış. NSCLC en sık malignite tanısı ve akciğer adenokarsinom (LUAD) ve akciğer Skuamöz Hücre Karsinomu (LUSC)6dahil olmak üzere farklı histolojik alt alt olduğunu. Genomik analiz rezeke insan birincil akciğer kanserlerinin tümörler belirli bir histotype içinde de daha fazla onların farklı klinik ilerleme katkıda bulunmak ve hastanın prognozu semptomlarıdır çeşitli moleküler tedirginlikler hızlı ortaya koymuştur. Akciğer kanserleri olağanüstü heterojen rasyonel tasarım, önceden klinik test ve etkili tedavi stratejileri uygulanması için önemli bir sorun temsil eder. Sonuç olarak, uysal deneysel akciğer kanser modelleri çeşitli hücresel kökenleri, moleküler alt türlerini ve bu hastalık aşamalarında çalışmaya repertuarı genişletmek için bir ihtiyaç vardır.
Hayvan modellerini kullanarak çeşitli yaklaşımlar akciğer kanseri vivo içindeher biri kendi avantajları ve dezavantajları biyolojik soru (lar) ilgi bağlı olarak çalışmaya istihdam edilmiştir. Genetiği fare modelleri (GEMMs) tümörleri içinde bu ilerleme bir immün konak7içinde kaynaklanan bir verilen progenitör hücre tipi belirli genetik değişiklikler hedefleyebilirsiniz. Son derece güçlü ve klinik, gecikme süresi, değişkenlik ve/veya akciğer tümörü morbidite GEMMs ile ilişkili belirli nicel ölçümler ve uzak organlara8geç sahne metastaz tespiti için engelleyici olabilir. Sayede akciğer kanser hücrelerini, ya doğrudan bir fare tümör elde edilen veya ilk kurulan hücre satırlar halinde kültür, türetilmiş syngeneic ana bilgisayarları yeniden kullanılmaya homogreft modellerinin kullanımı tamamlayıcı bir yaklaşımdır. Mahsum, akciğer kanseri xenografts insan hücre hatları veya hasta türetilmiş tümör örnekleri kurulur. İnsan hücre satır xenografts veya hasta türetilmiş xenografts (PDXs) immün fareler genellikle korunur ve bu nedenle tam bağışıklık-gözetim9engel. Bu dezavantajı rağmen tutarlar için et tümörler daha daha karmaşık genomik aberasyonları kodlamak insan kanser hücrelerinin insan biospecimens ve çalışma temel in vivo özelliklerinin sınırlama yaymak için bir cadde sağlarlar.
Bir yararlı özelliği, allogrefler ve xenografts onlar tümör hücreleri (tikler) bir malign hücre nüfus10içinde başlatma sıklığını ölçmek için kullanılan geleneksel sınırlayıcı hücre seyreltme deneyleri, mükellef olmasıdır. Bu deneylerde, tanımlı bir hücre sayısı subkutan hayvanlar kanat enjekte edilir ve tikler sıklığını tümörü almak oranı dayalı tahmin edilebilir. Subkutan tümörler ancak daha hipoksik11 olabilir ve fizyolojik kısıtları anahtar: akciğer tümörü microenvironment model değil. Ciğerlerine farelerin epitel kök veya progenitör hücrelerin boğaza teslimat Akciğer rejenerasyon ve hava yolu kök hücre biyolojisi12çalışmaya bir yöntemdir. Ancak, akciğerleri ilk yaralanma, viral enfeksiyon13,14gibi fizyolojik formlara tabi olan sürece bu teknik engraftment oranı nispeten düşük olabilir. Destek inflamatuar stromal hücrelerden ve/veya akciğer membran bozulma saklama transplante hücre içine ilgili kök hücre nişler distal havayolları15artırabilir. Ajanlar inducing fibrozis de önceden engraftment indüklenmiş pluripotent hücreler16 ve mezenkimal kök hücre17geliştirmek akciğerlerinin durumu. Hava yolu yaralanma benzer formları engraftment oranı etkileyebilir olsun, tümör Başlatan kapasite ve akciğer kanser hücrelerini akıbet henüz sistematik olarak değerlendirilmesi için.
Bu çalışmada, yaralanma ile fareler akciğerler önceden Klima tarafından orthotopic akciğer kanseri hücre engraftment, verimliliğini artırmak için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. LUAD distal airways kez kötü prognoz19ile karşılıklı olarak ilişkilendirir fibrotik stroma18 geliştirme bu kanser, önemli bir alt ile doğar. Bleomycin, bir doğal nonribosomal hibrid peptid-polyketide, pulmoner fibrozis fareler20de ikna etmek için yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Bleomycin hava yolu korumak ilk epitel yıpratma alveoller ve inflamatuar hücreler, makrofajlar, nötrofil ve monosit21dahil alımı teşvik etmektedir. Bu doku distal airways, membran yeniden yapılanma22,23 ve hücre dışı matriks (ECM) ifade24remodeling tarafından takip ediyor. Bir tek bleomycin enjeksiyon etkileri geçicidir, çoğu çalışmalar2530 gün sonra çözme fibrozis ile. Bleomycin ile fareler airways önceden Klima önemli ölçüde akciğer hücrelerinde LUAD almak oranı artış olabilir Eğer homogreft ve xenograft modelleri kullanarak, test ettik.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Bleomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B5507-15UN</td>
			<td>CAUTION Health hazard GHS08</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Exel Catheter 24G</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>1484121</td>
			<td>Remove needle. For intratracheal injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine (Ketaset inl 100 mg/mL C3N 10 mL)</td>
			<td>Butler Schein</td>
			<td>56344</td>
			<td>To anesthetize mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Butler Schein</td>
			<td>33198</td>
			<td>To anesthetize mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketoprofen, 5,000 mg</td>
			<td>Cayman Chemical</td>
			<td>10006661</td>
			<td>Analgesic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puralube Veterinary Ophthalmic Ointment</td>
			<td>BUTLER ANIMAL HEALTH COMPANY LLC</td>
			<td>8897</td>
			<td>To prevent eye dryness while under anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-Luciferin powder</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer Health Sciences Inc</td>
			<td>122799</td>
			<td>For luminescent imaging. Reconstitute powder with PBS for a working concentration of 15mg/mL. Protect from Light</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rodent Intubation stand</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>RIS-100</td>
			<td>Recommended stand for intratracheal injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MI-150 ILLUMINATOR 150W MI-150</td>
			<td>DOLAN-JENNER INDUSTRIES</td>
			<td>MI-150 / EEG2823M</td>
			<td>To illuminate and visualize trachea</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graefe Forceps, 2.75 (7 cm) long serrat</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5111</td>
			<td>For intratracheal injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Luer-Lok Sterile 5ml</td>
			<td>BD / Fisher</td>
			<td>309646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Satiny Smooth by Conair Dual Foil Wet/Dry Rechargeable Shaver</td>
			<td>Conair</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>To shave mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bonn Scissors, 3.5&#34; straight 15 mm sharp/sharp sure cut blades</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5840SC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL conical tube</td>
			<td>BD / Fisher</td>
			<td>352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>USA SCIENTIFIC INC</td>
			<td>1615-5500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vial Scintillation 7 mL Borosilicate Glass GPI</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>701350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter pipette tips (200 &#956;L)</td>
			<td>USA SCIENTIFIC INC</td>
			<td>1120-8710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM high glucose</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI Medium 1640</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11875-093</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum USDA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10437-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A2942-20ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Stain 0.4%</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess Automated Cell Counter</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AMQAX1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flask T/C 75cm sq canted neck, blue cap</td>
			<td>Fisher / Corning</td>
			<td>353135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IVIS Spectrum Xenogen Bioluminiscence</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer Health Sciences Inc</td>
			<td>124262</td>
			<td>For in vivo bioluminescence imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Living image software</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer Health Sciences Inc</td>
			<td>128113</td>
			<td>For in vivo bioluminescence analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XGI-8 Gas Anesthesia System</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer Health Sciences Inc</td>
			<td>118918</td>
			<td>For Isoflurane anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Ultra-Fine II Short Needle Insulin Syringe 1 cc. 31 G x 8 mm (5/16 in)</td>
			<td>BD / Fisher</td>
			<td>BD328418</td>
			<td>For retro-orbital luciferin injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe 1ml</td>
			<td>BD / Fisher</td>
			<td>14-823-434</td>
			<td>For intraperitoneal injections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26 G x 1/2 in. needle</td>
			<td>BD / Fisher</td>
			<td>305111</td>
			<td>For intraperitoneal injections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>43368-9M</td>
			<td>CAUTION Health hazard GHS07, GHS08. For fixing tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Pipette, Unv. SL-200XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER-TOLEDO INTERNATIONAL</td>
			<td>17014411</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayer&#39;s Hematoxylin</td>
			<td>ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SCIENCES</td>
			<td>517-28-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin Y stain 0.25% (w/v) in 57%</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>67-63-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masson Trichrome Stain Kit</td>
			<td>IMEB Inc</td>
			<td>K7228</td>
			<td>For masson trichrome stain to visualize collagen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superfrost plus glass slides</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>1255015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>C3516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Universal Mycoplasma Detection Kit</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>30-1012K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT Embedding compound</td>
			<td>ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SCIENCES</td>
			<td>62550-12</td>
			<td>For embedding tissue for frozen sections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica CM3050 S Research Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>CM3050 S</td>
			<td>To section tissue for staining analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Keyence All-in One Fluorescence Microscope</td>
			<td>Keyence</td>
			<td>BZ-X700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>US National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td>IJ1.46</td>
			<td>http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/ download.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prism 7.0 for Mac OS X</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software, Inc.</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Athymic (Crl:NU(NCr)-Foxn1nu) mice</td>
			<td>Charles River</td>
			<td>NIH-553</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>5557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B6129SF1/J mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>101043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIH-H2030 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-5914</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>368T1</td>
			<td>generously provided by Monte Winslow (Standford University)</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PC9 cells</td>
			<td>Nguyen DX et al. Cell. 2009;138:51&#8211;62</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H2030 BrM3 cells</td>
			<td>Nguyen DX et al. Cell. 2009;138:51&#8211;62</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

pre-conditioning the airways of mice with bleomycin increases the efficiency of orthotopic lung cancer cell engraftment

Akciğer kanseri biyolojik olarak heterojen bir ölümcül tedavi ateşe dayanıklı hastalıktır. Anlama ve etkili bir şekilde göğüs maligniteler tam klinik spektrumu için çeşitli insan akciğer kanseri alt türlerini ve aşamaları özetlemek ek hayvan modelleri ihtiyaç vardır. Homogreft veya xenograft modelleri çok yönlü ve tumorigenic kapasite vivo içindefare ya da insan kökenli malign hücreler kullanarak, miktar etkinleştirin. Ancak, önceden açıklanan yöntemleri akciğer kanseri hücre engraftment, farelerin orthotopic nakli hücrelerin ciğerlerine verimsizlik nedeniyle kanadı gibi fizyolojik olmayan sitelerdeki gerçekleştirilmiş. Bu çalışmada, orthotopic akciğer kanseri hücre engraftment fibrozis inducing Ajan bleomycin ile fareler airways önceden Klima tarafından geliştirmek için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Bir prototip deney olarak, biz bu yaklaşım tümör hücreleri ya fare veya insan kaynakları, fareler çeşitli suşları aldığınız akciğer adenokarsinom alt türündeki engraft uygulanır. Biz airways bleomycin önce tümör hücre enjeksiyon ile ağır yaralı tümör hücreleri 0-17 engraftment artırır göstermek % 71-%100. Önemli ölçüde, bu yöntem Gelişmiş akciğer tümörü insidansı ve sonraki akıbet farklı modeller ve fare suşları kullanarak. Buna ek olarak, engrafted akciğer kanser hücrelerini akciğerlerden ilgili uzak organlara yaymak. Böylece, kurmak ve yeni orthotopic modelleri akciğer kanseri hücreleri veya biospecimen miktarda sınırlama ile korumak ve kantitatif akciğer kanser hücrelerini fizyolojik ilgili ayarları tumorigenic kapasitesini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilir bir protokol sağlar .

LUAD kanser hücre engraftment ciğerlerine farelerin verimliliğini artırmak için ilk orthotopic tümör hücre enjeksiyon (Şekil 1) tarafından takip bleomycin kullanarak airways ön koşulları bir protokol geliştirdi. Biz bile immün korele fareler yönetilen zaman bleomycin geçici fibrozis gün kaybı hava yolu mimarisi ve artmış kollajen birikimi (Şekil 2) tarafından kanıtlanan 14 tarafından indüklenen doğrulad...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pre-Conditioning the Airways of Mice with Bleomycin Increases the Efficiency of Orthotopic Lung Cancer Cell Engraftment at JoVE.com

Pre-Conditioning the Airways of Mice with Bleomycin Increases the Efficiency of Orthotopic Lung Cancer Cell Engraftment

Biz önceden airways yaralanma ile Klima tarafından fare ciğerlerine akciğer kanser hücrelerinin orthotopic engraftment önemli ölçüde geliştirmek için bir yöntem açıklanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım aynı zamanda akciğer microenvironment, metastatik yayılması, akciğer kanseri komorbiditeler içinde stromal etkileşimleri çalışmaya uygulanabilir ve daha verimli bir şekilde hasta oluşturmak için xenografts türetilmiş.

Bleomycin ile fareler Airways önceden Merkezi Klima Orthotopic akciğer kanseri hücre Engraftment verimliliğini artırır

Lung cancer is a deadly treatment refractory disease that is biologically heterogeneous. To understand and effectively treat the full clinical spectrum of ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to increase the efficiency of transplanting tumor-initiating lung cancer cells into the airways of mice. This method can help establish new preclinical models in order to answer key questions in cancer biology, including the causes of drug resistance and relationship between fibrosis and lung cancer. The main advantage of this technique is that it increase the transplantation efficiency of tumor-initiating cells into the lungs of a variety of mouse strains.The implications of this technique extend toward therapy, because it enables us to model a greater variety of human lung cancer subtypes, known to have different clinical responses to treatment. For this protocol, the mice must first be injected with bleomycin. Then, after 14 days, the tumor cells are injected.The procedure for both injections is very similar and described here. Two hours prior to the injection, thaw the bleomycin stock on ice and dilute it to the working concentration. Keep it on ice.For a cell bolus, have a cell suspension prepared as described in the text protocol. The procedure time for each mouse is about 10 minutes all together. Be certain to confirm proper anesthesia using a toe pinch, and apply vet ointment to the eyes.At this time, if the mouse has dark hair, then shave the entire rib area both ventrally and dorsally so it can be imaged correctly. Then, place the mouse on the intubation platform by securing it by its front teeth with it's back against the platform. If a cell bolus is to be injected, resuspend it now with gentle trituration.Now illuminate the upper-chest region, open the mouth, and gently pull out the tongue using flat forceps. Prepare an IV catheter for the trachea by removing the needle, then position it over the tracheal opening. Next, insert the catheter into the trachea until the top of the catheter is near the front teeth and illuminate the interior of the catheter to confirm its placement.Then, dispense the 50 microliters of freshly made bleomycin, or cell suspension, directly into the catheter. Wait a few seconds for the entire volume to travel down the catheter. Then, remove the catheter and dispose of it in 10%bleach.If the mouse is not inhaling the liquid, carefully monitor its breathing and adjust the catheter position. If the mouse stops breathing, immediately remove the catheter and allow the mouse to breath before you reinsert the catheter in. After removing the catheter, continue performing the procedure to have five treated mice, still anesthetized, and ready to image.For recovery, place the mouse supine on an IACUC approved heating pad in a recovery cage and monitor it until it has fully recovered. Two or three minutes after injecting the cells, inject 100 microliters of luciferin retro-orbitally, using an insulin needle. Alternate the eye used for injection every imaging session.After waiting at lest two minutes, position up to five mice in an animal bioluminescence imager, in the sternal recumbency position and acquire a dorsal picture using luminescence settings. Under the control panel, adjust the resolution and sensitivity settings, to measure the luminescence of the cells. For most applications, start with three minutes, set the binning to medium, set the f/stop to one, set the field of view to d, and set the subject height to 1.5.If the injection was successful, a signal is detected in the upper chest area in one lung or both lungs. If cells are clustered at the entrance of the trachea, the injection was unsuccessful. After taking the dorsal image, flip the mice and acquire a ventral image and adjust the setting as needed.After imaging, proceed with postoperative care as described in the text protocol. Then, repeat this imaging protocol three days post-engraftment and weekly thereafter. To analyze the images, use a bioluminescence analysis software.First, load all the appropriate images in the series. This section is detailed to one software package. Next, for each mouse, in the first image of the series, create a square region of interest and position it over the upper chest area covering the entire lung region.Then, using a right click, access the copy all regions of interest function, and use this tool to apply the same regions of interest to each image in the group. Then, within each image, tweak the positions of the squares to cover the upper chest of each mouse. Do this for both the ventral and dorsal views.Now, in the upper left corner of the image window, select the photons function. Then select the measure option. The data from the regions of interest is then displayed in an output table as total flux.Analyze this data as needed. When immune compromised, athymic mice were treated with bleomycin. Prior to cell-bolus engraftment, transient fibrosis was observed by day 14 in bleomycin-treated mice, but not vehicle-treated mice.Next, cells from the established human lung cancer cell line, H2030, were delivered intratracheally into the lungs of these mice. After 35 days, bleomycin-treated mice had a high lung-tumor burden. However, in vehicle treated animals, no tumors were detected.The lung-tumor burden was confirmed using histology. Lungs pretreated with vehicle had no evidence of tumor nodules, whereas bleomycin pretreated lungs had large tumor nodules. After transplanting a metastatic H2030 BrM 3 cell line, by 39 to 57 days, bioluminescence was too intense for imaging, so metastasis was analyzed in distant organs ex vivo.Small lesions could be detected in various tissues, suggesting that this method holds promise, to study spontaneously disseminated disease. Once mastered, this technique can be done in 10 minutes per cage of five mice without imaging and 20 minutes per cage when also imaging the mice. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to ensure proper insertion of the catheter and to monitor the animal's breathing.Following this procedure, other methods like pharmacological studies or aminoacetic chemistry of harvested tissue can be performed in order to answer additional questions, like how engrafted tumors respond to drugs or characterizing tumor stromal interactions specific to the lungs. After its development, this technique can be applied to different mouse strains and tumor models, including patient-derived xenografts in a physiologically relevant setting. Don't forgot that working with bleomycin can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as manipulation in a biohazard hood and proper disposal should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Bronchial Thermoplasty:  A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronş Thermoplasty: Şiddetli Astım Yeni Bir Tedavi Yaklaşımı

Bronchial thermoplasty is a non-drug procedure for severe persistent asthma that delivers thermal energy to the airway wall in a precisely controlled ...

Tıp

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Murin Mesane Kanseri bir Ortotopik Model

In this straightforward procedure, bladder tumors are established in female C57 mice through the use of catheterization, local cauterization, and ...

Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral Skuamöz Hücre Karsinomu Ortotopik Fare Modeli Tümör Hücre Invasion Multi-foton Görüntüleme

Loco-regional invasion of head and neck cancer is linked to metastatic risk and presents a difficult challenge in designing and implementing patient ...

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

Bir Ortotopik Mesane Tümörü Model ve intravezikal Sarna Tedavisinin Değerlendirilmesi

We present a novel method for treating bladder cancer with intravesically delivered small activating RNA (saRNA) in an orthotopic xenograft mouse bladder ...

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease

Damar Hastalığı Çalışmaları Farelerde Ortotopik Aort Nakli

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. ...

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Sol ön inen arter ligasyonu ile Miyokard İskemi-reperfüzyon Hasarı bir fare modeli

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms ...

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Farelerin Meme Fat Pad içine Meme Kanseri Hücreleri Ortotopik Enjeksiyon Tümör Büyüme Eğitim için.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the ...

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

Canlı Fareler Seri endoskopik Görüntüleme kullanma Bağırsak Patolojilerde Yeni Therapeutics Etkinliğinin Non-invaziv Değerlendirme

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic ...

Cardiac Catheterization in Mice to Measure the Pressure Volume Relationship: Investigating the Bowditch Effect

Bowditch Efekt incelenmesi: Basınç Hacim İlişkisi Tedbir Fare Kardiyak Kateterizasyon

Animal models that mimic human cardiac disorders have been created to test potential therapeutic strategies. A key component to evaluating these ...

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

Bir &quot;Hasta gibi&quot; Ortotopik singenik Fare Modeli Hepatoselüler karsinomu metastazı

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of ...