Name: a simple cell-based immunofluorescence assay to detect autoantibody against the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor in blood
Uploaded: 2018-01-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood at JoVE.com

この作品は、チャン庚医学財団 (許可番号 CMRPG3C1771、CMRPG3C1772、CMRPG3E0631、CMRPG3E0632、および CMRPG3E0633) によって支えられました。

研究は、制度のレビュー委員会の長庚記念病院 Linkuo、桃園、台湾 (102-2577A3) で承認されました。
1. NR1 GFP 発現プラスミドの作製
<ol><li>遠心分離機管、ピペットで移しなさい混合物の優しくまで上下のエシェリヒア属大腸菌の有能なセルひずみ DH5α 滅菌 1.5 mL の 100 μ L の NR1 GFP プラスミドのミックス 10 ng 4-6 回、20 分間氷の上管を孵化させなさいと。</li>
	<li>水の?...

<ol>
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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+and+prognostic+factors+for+long-term+outcome+in+patients+with+anti-NMDA+receptor+encephalitis:+an+observational+cohort+study.">Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study.</a> Lancet Neurol. 12 (2), 157-165 (2013).</li><li>Chapman, M. R., Vause, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-NMDA+receptor+encephalitis:+diagnosis,+psychiatric+presentation,+and+treatment.">Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: diagnosis, psychiatric presentation, and treatment.</a> Am J Psychiatry. 168 (3), 245-251 (2011).</li><li>Gable, M., Glaser, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate+receptor+encephalitis+appearing+as+a+new-onset+psychosis:+disease+course+in+children+and+adolescents+within+the+california+encephalitis+project.">Anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis appearing as a new-onset psychosis: disease course in children and adolescents within the california encephalitis project.</a> Pediatr Neurol. 72, 25-30 (2017).</li><li>Dalmau, J., Lancaster, E., Martinez-Hernandez, E., Rosenfeld, M. R., Balice-Gordon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+experience+and+laboratory+investigations+in+patients+with+anti-NMDAR+encephalitis.">Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.</a> Lancet Neurol. 10 (1), 63-74 (2011).</li><li>Dalmau, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraneoplastic+anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate+receptor+encephalitis+associated+with+ovarian+teratoma.">Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma.</a> Ann Neurol. 61 (1), 25-36 (2007).</li><li>Irani, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-methyl-D-aspartate+antibody+encephalitis:+temporal+progression+of+clinical+and+paraclinical+observations+in+a+predominantly+non-paraneoplastic+disorder+of+both+sexes.">N-methyl-D-aspartate antibody encephalitis: temporal progression of clinical and paraclinical observations in a predominantly non-paraneoplastic disorder of both sexes.</a> Brain. 133 (Pt 6), 1655-1667 (2010).</li><li>Suh-Lailam, B. B., Haven, T. R., Copple, S. S., Knapp, D., Jaskowski, T. D., Tebo, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-NMDA-receptor+antibody+encephalitis:+performance+evaluation+and+laboratory+experience+with+the+anti-NMDA-receptor+IgG+assay.">Anti-NMDA-receptor antibody encephalitis: performance evaluation and laboratory experience with the anti-NMDA-receptor IgG assay.</a> Clin Chim Acta. 421, 1-6 (2013).</li><li>Mayer, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+biology+of+glutamate+receptor+ion+channel+complexes.">Structural biology of glutamate receptor ion channel complexes.</a> Curr Opin Struct Biol. 41, 119-127 (2016).</li><li>Ramberger, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+diagnostic+accuracy+of+microscopy+and+flow+cytometry+in+evaluating+n-methyl-d-aspartate+receptor+antibodies+in+serum+using+a+live+cell-based+assay.">Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of microscopy and flow cytometry in evaluating n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibodies in serum using a live cell-based assay.</a> PLoS One. 10 (3), e0122037 (2015).</li><li>Wandinger, K. P., Saschenbrecker, S., Stoecker, W., Dalmau, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-NMDA-receptor+encephalitis:+a+severe,+multistage,+treatable+disorder+presenting+with+psychosis.">Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: a severe, multistage, treatable disorder presenting with psychosis.</a> J Neuroimmunol. 231 (1-2), 86-91 (2011).</li><li>Dahm, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Seroprevalence+of+autoantibodies+against+brain+antigens+in+health+and+disease.">Seroprevalence of autoantibodies against brain antigens in health and disease.</a> Ann Neurol. 76 (1), 82-94 (2014).</li><li>J&#233;z&#233;quel, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-+and+single+molecule-based+methods+to+detect+anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate+receptor+autoantibodies+in+patients+with+first-episode+psychosis+from+the+OPTiMiSE+project.">Cell- and single molecule-based methods to detect anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor autoantibodies in patients with first-episode psychosis from the OPTiMiSE project.</a> Biol Psychiatry. , (2017).</li></ol>

生きている細胞を用いた蛍光アッセイ11、固定細胞を用いた蛍光抗体法9 を含む文献で報告された NMDA 受容体に対する自己抗体の存在を画面にいくつか細胞を用いた免疫学的アッセイには、流れの cytometry ベース測定14。生きている細胞を用いた蛍光抗体法は、流れの cytometry ベース試金は、訓練された人員および特別な装置を必要とする間...

抗 NMDA 受容体自己免疫性脳炎は、すべての年齢の患者に発生することができます、主に女性患者1,2に影響を与える新たに認められた疾患エンティティです。脳炎3の初期原因不明患者の間で最も頻繁に診断された脳炎の一つです。通常抗 NMDA 受容体脳炎で被害を受けた患者は、頭痛や発熱、意識レベルの変化、様々 な撹拌、過敏症など急性の神経精神症状の迅速な開発が続くの前駆症状を持っています。、不安、不眠、幻覚、妄想、侵略、奇妙な行動、運動異常、自律神経の調節不全や発作の攻撃4,5。この条件とタイミング療法と免疫療法を早期より良い結果と影響を受ける患者6も完全復旧のため重要です。したがって、抗 NMDA 受容体自己免疫性脳炎は急性または新規発症の精神機能7、8を呈する患者の鑑別診断として考慮されるべきことをお勧めします。
臨床的特徴のほかに血液や脳脊髄液の NMDA 受容体に対する自己抗体の検出は抗 NMDA 受容体自己免疫性脳炎9の正確な診断に不可欠です。ほとんどの抗 NMDA 受容体抗体を検出する免疫学的テストがいくつか研究所10,11, で利用可能なスクリーニングのための 1 つだけの市販細胞を用いた蛍光抗体法、抗 NMDA 受容体抗体12。本研究の目的は抗 NMDA 受容体の臨床研究を促進する抗 NMDA 受容体抗体の存在感を画面に実験室で便利に使用できる単純な社内細胞を用いた蛍光抗体を開発するには自己免疫性脳炎。NMDA 受容体は heterotetramer イオン チャネル蛋白質の複合体、脳で特異的に発現します。それはの 2 つの強制 NR1 サブユニットと NR2A、NR2B、NR2C、NR2D の13の 1 つまたは 2 つのサブユニットの組み合わせでください。以前の研究は、その抗体の対象となる主なエピトープは NR1 サブユニット5の細胞外 N 末端ドメインを報告しました。したがって、このプロトコルでは我々 は人間の萌芽期の腎臓上皮細胞株 (HEK293) で緑色蛍光タンパク質 (GFP) が付いた NMDA 受容体の人間の組換えの NR1 サブユニット蛋白質を表現し、検出する細胞を用いた蛍光抗体法を開発血液中の抗 NMDA 受容体抗体の IgG クラス。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>GRIN1 (GFP-tagged) - Human glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1 (GRIN1), transcript variant NR1-1</td>
			<td>Origene (Rockville, MD, USA)</td>
			<td>RG219368</td>
			<td>NR1-cDNA clone tagged with C-terminal tGFP sequences</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pCMV6-AC-GFP</td>
			<td>Origene (Rockville, MD, USA)</td>
			<td>PS100010</td>
			<td>mammalian vector with C-terminal tGFP tag</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen (Hilden Germany)</td>
			<td>12362</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 2000 Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA)</td>
			<td>11668-019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>31985-070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, High Glucose, Pyruvate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>11995-065</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Characterized Fetal Bovine Serum, US Origin</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>SH30071.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Human IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A-11014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Positive control: anti-glutamate receptor (type NMDA)</td>
			<td>Euroimmun AG, L&#252;beck, Germany</td>
			<td>CA 112d-0101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Euroimmun Assay Kit</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple cell-based immunofluorescence assay to detect autoantibody against the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor in blood

抗 NMDA 受容体抗体の存在は、影響を受ける患者は、抗 NMDA 受容体自己免疫性脳炎と呼ばれるさまざまな神経精神症状を引き起こします。血液や脳脊髄液 (CSF) の NMDA 受容体に対する特定の自己抗体の検出は、この条件の正確な診断のために不可欠です。NMDA 受容体は、イオン チャネル蛋白質複合体 2 つ必須 NMDA 受容体サブユニット 1 (NR1) と 1 つまたは 2 つの NMDA 受容体を含む 4 つのサブユニットを含むサブユニット 2 a (NR2A) NMDA 受容体サブユニット 2B NR2B、NMDA 受容体サブユニット 2 C (NR2C) または NMDA 受容体サブユニット 2 D (NR2D)。抗 NMDA 受容体抗体のエピトープは、NMDA 受容体の NR1 サブユニットの細胞外 N 末端ドメインに存在すると報じられました。本研究の目的は臨床および基礎研究を容易にするために血液の NMDA 受容体の NR1 サブユニットに対する抗体の存在を検出するスクリーニング検査として使用できる単純な細胞を用いた蛍光抗体法を開発、します。抗 NMDA 受容体の自己免疫性脳炎。

平均では、プロトコルのセクション 1 で説明されている手順に従って 250 mL の細菌文化から 200 〜 300 μ エンドトキシン発現プラスミド NR1 GFP の GFP を取得私たちでした。100 ng/よく発現プラスミドの量は、プロトコルのセクション 2 の説明に従って 48 ウェル プレートで培養した HEK293 細胞のトランスフェクションに使用されました。トランスフェクション後 24-30 時間?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood at JoVE.com

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood

我々 は異所萌出へ自己免疫性脳炎が疑われる患者の血中 NMDA 受容体に対する自己抗体を検出する抗原としてヒト胚性細胞 (HEK293) で緑色蛍光タンパク質が付いた NMDA 受容体の NR1 サブユニットを表明しました。この単純な方法はスクリーニング目的のため臨床現場で適切な可能性があります。

血の N-メチル-D-アスパラギン酸 (NMDA) 受容体に対する自己抗体を検出する単純な細胞ベースの蛍光抗体法

The presence of anti-NMDA receptor autoantibody can cause various neuropsychiatric symptoms in the affected patients, termed anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune ...

The overall goal of this assay is to detect autoantibodies against the NMDA receptor in the blood of patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis. The measure help answer the key questions in differential diagnosis of patients with acute neuro-psychiatric symptoms. The main advantage of this technique is that it is a simple and reliable screening measure.Begin this procedure by preparing gelatin-coated culture plates. Aliquot 200 microliters of a 2%gelatin solution to each well of a 48-well culture plate and incubate the plate at 37 degrees Celsius for at least 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, aspirate the gelatin solution from the wells.Seed in each well 5 times 10 to the 4th HEK293 cells in 200 microliters of cell culture medium, containing 10%FBS. Incubate the plate overnight at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified incubator supplied with 5%carbon dioxide. On the following day, replace the spent culture medium in each well with 200 microliters of fresh culture medium, containing 10%FBS.Scaling up according to the total number of wells in the experiment, Prepare solution A by mixing the NR1-GFP plasmid with culture medium. Prepare solution B by mixing the transfection reagent with culture medium. Prepare solution C by mixing solution A and solution B and incubating the mixture at room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes.Next, aliquot 40 microliters of solution C to each well containing the HEK293 cells. Swirl the plate gently and incubate the plate at 37 degrees Celsius in a humidified incubator supplied with 5%carbon dioxide overnight. Check the expression of the NR1-GFP recombinant protein in the host cells under a fluorescent microscope with 40 times to 200 times magnification, before proceeding to the cell-based immunofluorescence assay.To begin this assay, first aspirate the spent medium from the wells of the culture plate and then wash each well with 200 microliters of PBS three times. Add 200 microliters of 4%paraformaldehyde solution to each well and incubate the plate at room temperature for 15 minutes. Aspirate the paraformaldehyde solution from the wells and wash each well with 200 microliters of PBS three times.Next, add 200 microliters of 10%skim milk in PBST solution to each well and incubate the plate at room temperature with gentle shaking for one hour. Aspirate the 10%skim milk in PBST solution from the wells and wash the wells with 200 microliters of PBST once. Incubate the wells with plasma diluted one to 100 in PBST as the primary antibody with gentle shaking at room temperature for one hour.After one hour, aspirate the diluted plasma from the wells and wash each well with 200 microliters of PBST three times. To each well, add 200 microliters of goat anti-human IgG, conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 and incubate the culture plate at room temperature with gentle shaking for one hour. Next, aspirate the goat anti-human IgG conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 solution and wash each well with 200 microliters of PBST three times.After the third PBST wash, add 100 microliters of glycerol solution, containing DAPI, to each well. Observe and image the cells under a fluorescent microscope using the correct filter for each dye and a 10 times eye piece with four times, 10 times and 20 times objectives. These representative images taken 24 to 30 hours after transfection, show HEK293 cells that express NR1-GFP.Approximately 30%of the cells had the green signal under the fluorescent microscope. In the corresponding Alexa Fluor 594 images, the red signal in panel B indicates the binding of the anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies to the NR1 expressed in the HEK293 cells. The weak red signal in panel E indicates the background noise of the Alexa Fluor 594 images.The cells expressing NR1-GFP were used for screening the presence of anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies in a human plasma sample. In these merged images, the yellow color indicates colocalization of the NR1-GFP and anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies. The arrows indicate examples of cells with prominent colocalization.A plasma sample that shows a greater than 30%overlap of green and red signals will be interpreted as positive in this case. In the merged image of the negative control, there is little overlap of green and red signals, which confirms the specific binding of the anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies to the NR1-GFP in the assay. Once mastered, the technique can be done in four hours if it is performed properly.While attempting this technique, it is important to remember it is just a screening measure. Following these procedures, other measures such as western blot analysis, and tissue-based analysis can be performed to answer additional questions like specificity of positive cases. After development, the technique pave the way for researchers in the field of psychiatry to explore differential diagnosis of patients with acute mental health emergency.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to perform the assay to screen for autoantibodies against NMDA receptor in the blood.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor in Blood

Application of a NMDA Receptor Conductance in Rat Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using the Dynamic Clamp Technique

ダイナミッククランプ法を用いたラット中脳ドーパミン作動性ニューロンにおけるNMDA受容体のコンダクタンスのアプリケーション

Neuroscientists study the function of the brain by investigating how neurons in the brain communicate. Many investigators look at changes in the ...

神経科学

A Simple Way to Measure Ethanol Sensitivity in Flies

ハエでエタノールの感度を測定するために簡単

Low doses of ethanol cause flies to become hyperactive, while high doses are sedating. The sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation of a given fly strain ...

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イメージング初代培養マウス神経細胞における形質膜に受容体の挿入をpHluorinタグ付き

A better understanding of the mechanisms governing receptor trafficking between the plasma membrane (PM) and intracellular compartments requires an ...

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テスト視機能のための簡単​​な行動アッセイ<em&gt;アフリカツメガエル</em

Measurement of the visual function in the tadpoles of the frog, Xenopus laevis, allows screening for blindness in live animals. The optokinetic response ...

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マウスにおける低温感受性と適応を決定するためのシンプルで安価な方法

Cold hypersensitivity is a serious clinical problem, affecting a broad subset of patients and causing significant decreases in quality of life.  The cold ...

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使用して報酬を求める行動の変化を測定するための簡単な方法<em&gt;キイロショウジョウバエ</em

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We ...

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

大人のホールマウントの準備のためのシンプルなワンステップ解剖プロトコル<em&gt;ショウジョウバエ</em&gt;ブレインズ

There is an increasing interest in using Drosophila to model human brain degenerative diseases, map neuronal circuitries in adult brains, and study the ...

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

生細胞測定の嗅覚受容体活性化アッセイを用いた、リアルタイム キャンプ

The enormous sizes of the mammalian odorant receptor (OR) families present difficulties to find their cognate ligands among numerous volatile chemicals. ...

A Simple Approach to Induce Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis in C57BL/6 Mice for Functional and Neuropathological Assessments

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Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a well-appreciated experimental model of autoimmune peripheral demyelinating diseases. EAN disease is induced by ...