Name: using crispr/cas9 gene editing to investigate the oncogenic activity of mutant calreticulin in cytokine dependent hematopoietic cells
Uploaded: 2018-01-05T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Investigate the Oncogenic Activity of Mutant Calreticulin in Cytokine Dependent Hematopoietic Cells at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av NIH (R01HL131835), en Damon Runyon kliniske etterforsker award og Starr kreft konsortiet.

1. sgRNA Design bruke nettverktøy13
<ol><li>
Utforme sgRNAs målretting genet av interesse ved hjelp av fritt tilgjengelig online verktøy.
	<ol>
<li>Kopier og lim NCBI referanse sekvensen av genet av interesse i brede Institute sgRNA designer web verktøyet: (http://portals.broadinstitute.org/gpp/public/analysis-tools/sgrna-design). Merk: Dette verktøyet identifiserer sgRNA sekvenser med cleavage områder i exons og de som dekker intron/ekson grensen men likevel holde seg ...

<ol>
	<li>DeWitt, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selection-free+genome+editing+of+the+sickle+mutation+in+human+adult+hematopoietic+stem/progenitor+cells.">Selection-free genome editing of the sickle mutation in human adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.</a> Sci Trans Med. 8, 360 (2016).</li><li>Sander, J. D., Joung, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR-Cas+systems+for+editing,+regulating+and+targeting+genomes.">CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 4, 347-355 (2014).</li><li>Gaj, T., Gerbach, C. A., Barbas, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ZFN,+TALEN,+CRISPR/Cas-based+methods+for+genome+engineering.">ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering.</a> Trends Biotechnol. 31 (7), 397-405 (2013).</li><li>Jinek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+programmable+dual-RNA-guided+DNA+endonuclease+in+adaptive+bacterial+immunity.">A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.</a> Science. 337 (6096), 816-821 (2012).</li><li>Wiedenheft, B., Samuel, S. H., Doudna, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA-guided+genetic+silencing+systems+in+bacteria+and+archea.">RNA-guided genetic silencing systems in bacteria and archea.</a> Nature. 482 (7385), 331-338 (2012).</li><li>Slaymaker, I. M., Gao, L., Zetsche, B., Scott, D. A., Yan, W. X., Zhang, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rationally+engineered+Cas9+nucleases+with+improved+specificity.">Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity.</a> Science. 351 (6268), 84-88 (2016).</li><li>Ran, F. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Double+nicking+by+RNA-guided+CRISPR+Cas9+for+enhanced+genome+editing+specificity.">Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity.</a> Cell. 154 (6), 1380-1389 (2013).</li><li>Larson, M. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR+interference+(CRISPRi)+for+sequence-specific+control+of+gene+expression.">CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for sequence-specific control of gene expression.</a> Nat Protoc. 8 (11), 2180-2196 (2013).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One-step+generation+of+mice+carrying+reporter+and+conditional+alleles+by+CRISPR/Cas-mediated+genome+engineering.">One-step generation of mice carrying reporter and conditional alleles by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering.</a> Cell. 153 (4), 910-918 (2013).</li><li>Kim, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR/Cas9-mediated+Gene-knockout+screens+and+target+identification+via+Whole+genome+sequencing+uncover+host+genes+required+for+picornavirus+infection.">CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene-knockout screens and target identification via Whole genome sequencing uncover host genes required for picornavirus infection.</a> J Biol Chem. 10, 1074 (2017).</li><li>Heckl, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+mouse+models+of+myeloid+malignancies+with+combinatorial+genetic+lesions+using+CRISPR-Cas9+genome+editing.">Generation of mouse models of myeloid malignancies with combinatorial genetic lesions using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 32 (9), 941-946 (2014).</li><li>Daley, G. Q., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+of+an+interleukin+3-dependent+hematopoietic+cell+line+by+the+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia-specific+bcr/abl+protein.">Transformation of an interleukin 3-dependent hematopoietic cell line by the chronic myelogenous leukemia-specific bcr/abl protein.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 85, 9312-9316 (1988).</li><li>Ran, F. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+engineering+using+the+CRISPR-Cas9+system.">Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system.</a> Nat Protoc. 8 (11), 2281-2308 (2013).</li><li>Haeussler, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+off-target+and+on-target+scoring+algorithms+and+integration+into+the+guide+RNA+selection+tool+CRISPOR.">Evaluation of off-target and on-target scoring algorithms and integration into the guide RNA selection tool CRISPOR.</a> Genome Biol. 17, 148 (2016).</li><li>Doench, J. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rational+design+of+highly+active+sgRNAs+for+CRISPR-Cas9-mediated+gene+inactivation.">Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene inactivation.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 32, 1262-1267 (2014).</li><li>Brinkman, E. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Easy+quantitative+assessment+of+genome+editing+by+sequence+trace+decomposition.">Easy quantitative assessment of genome editing by sequence trace decomposition.</a> Nucl Acid Res. 42, e168 (2014).</li><li>Klampfl, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatic+mutations+of+calreticulin+in+myeloproliferative+neoplasms.">Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms.</a> N Engl J Med. 369, 2379-2390 (2013).</li><li>Nangalia, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatic+CALR+mutations+in+myeloproliferative+neoplasms+with+nonmutated+JAK2.">Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2.</a> N Engl J Med. 369, 2391-2405 (2013).</li><li>Elf, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutant+Calreticulin+requires+both+its+mutant+C-terminus+and+the+thrombopoietin+receptor+for+oncogenic+transformation.">Mutant Calreticulin requires both its mutant C-terminus and the thrombopoietin receptor for oncogenic transformation.</a> Cancer Discovery. 6 (4), 368-381 (2016).</li><li>Bauer, D. E., Canver, M. C., Orkin, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+Genomic+Deletions+in+Mammalian+Cell+lines+via+CRISPR/Cas9.">Generation of Genomic Deletions in Mammalian Cell lines via CRISPR/Cas9.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (95), e52118 (2015).</li><li>Watanabe-Smith, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+acquired+mutations+in+transgenes+arising+in+Ba/F3+transformation+assays:+findings+and+recommendations.">Analysis of acquired mutations in transgenes arising in Ba/F3 transformation assays: findings and recommendations.</a> Oncotarget. 8, 12596-12606 (2017).</li><li>Fu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+CRISPR-Cas+nuclease+specificity+using+truncated+guide+RNAs.">Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs.</a> NatBiotechnol. 32, 279-284 (2014).</li></ol>

Her viser vi bruk av CRISPR/Cas9 gene redigering for å studere biologiske funksjon CALR mutasjoner i blodkreft cellene. Suksessen til denne protokollen er svært avhengig av flere faktorer. Først er det viktig å vite hvilke typer mutasjoner kan være ansvarlig for fenotypen som er ønsket. I denne protokollen, readout er transformasjonen av Ba/F3 celler til mIL-3 uavhengighet og de mutasjoner er indeler i ekson 9 i CALR. Men hvis ønsket mutasjon er en enkelt base par substitusjon, er HDR-mediert rep...

CRISPR/Cas9-teknologien har nylig revolusjonert målrettet genomet redigering i levende celler og organismer. Det har blitt en svært kraftig verktøy for biomedisinsk forskning og er for tiden brukes som en potensiell avenue for behandling av genetiske sykdommer1. Grunnlaget for alle genomet redigeringsverktøy er avhengig av etableringen av en nuclease-indusert DNA dobbel strandet pause (DSB) på genomisk locus endres. DSBs kan repareres av ikke-homologe slutten begynte (NHEJ) eller homologi-rettet reparasjon (HDR)2,3. Fordelen med den Cas9 nuclease over andre genomet engineering nucleases, som sink finger nucleases (ZFNs) og transkripsjon aktivator som effektor nucleases (TALENs) er sin avhengighet av RNA for målretting nuclease til en ønsket DNA sekvens, sammenlignet til protein-DNA samhandlingene i ZFNs og TALENs2,3.
Etter oppdagelsen av CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease veien som en adaptive immunsystemet i prokaryote celler4,5gått mye arbeid inn tilpasse veien for bruk i pattedyr linjer og modell organismer2, 3. som et verktøy for redigering av genet, CRISPR/Cas9 veien benytter to hovedkomponenter: Streptococcus pyogenes (Sp) avledet Cas9 nuclease og sgRNAs rettet mot genet av interesse2,3. SgRNA består av 20 nukleotider som direkte Cas9 for et bestemt område på genomet til RNA-DNA base par komplementaritet2,3. Målområdet for sgRNA må være tilstøtende til et protospacer tilstøtende motiv (PAM) i form av 5' NGG, som er anerkjent av SpCas9 nuclease. Med disse verktøyene kan Cas9 rettes til noen DNA sekvensen ved å designe sgRNAs som mål regionen rundt. I tillegg til Sp avledet Cas9, er det flere varianter av Cas9 med forskjellige funksjoner avhengig av det bestemte programmet. For eksempel finnes det Cas9 varianter med høyere spesifisitet for på målet redigering eller single-strand cleavage kapasitet for DNA skår6,7. Videre er katalytisk inaktive Cas9 nylig utviklet for transcriptional regulering8. Forskere har brukt CRISPR/Cas9 systemet til en rekke programmer, for eksempel genet knockin og knockout å studere biologiske funksjonene gener9, tap av funksjon og gevinst-av-funksjon bibliotek skjermer10 og genetisk utvikling av modell organismer11.
I denne protokollen kombineres CRISPR/Cas9 metodikken med Ba/F3 mobilnettet transformasjon analysen å forstå biologisk funksjon CALR mutasjoner. Ba/F3 cellene er en murine IL-3 underordnede blodkreft cellen linje som kan gjengis IL-3 uavhengig på uttrykk for visse oncogenes som BCR-ABL12. For å forstå om mutant calreticulin kan forvandle Ba/F3 celler cytokin uavhengig vekst, vi målrettet ekson 9 av endogene Calr locus bruker CRISPR/Cas9 for å innføre indel mutasjoner og deretter trakk IL-3 fra cellene gjelder et positiv utvalg press, med mål om recapitulating gevinst-av-funksjon CALR mutasjoner i MPN pasienter. Protokollen inneholder design, kloning og levering av sgRNAs, utviklingen av stabile Cas9 uttrykke celler og screening for CRISPR på målet genet redigering. Dette kan brukes på ulike gener og ulike cytokin-avhengig cellelinjer rundt og er spesielt nyttig i modellering og studere biologiske funksjonen i gener involvert i kreft.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BsmBI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0580L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blasticidin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>15025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puromycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A1113803</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stbl3 cells</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>C737303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TransIT-LT1</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MIR2300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opti-MEM</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>51985034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>MT10040CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10-017-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Omega Scientific</td>
			<td>FB-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/streptomycin/L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10378016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mIL-3</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>213-13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>psPAX2</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pCMV-VSV-G</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pLX_TRC311-Cas9</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polybrene</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H9268</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pXPR-011</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Genessee Scientific</td>
			<td>25-507</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TAE buffer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FERB49</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LentiGuide-Puro</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>Plasmid #52963</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PNK</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0201S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 ligase</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0202S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR purification kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>28104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miniprep kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>27104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using crispr/cas9 gene editing to investigate the oncogenic activity of mutant calreticulin in cytokine dependent hematopoietic cells

Gruppert regelmessig interspaced kort palindromic gjentar (CRISPR) er en adaptiv immunitet system i prokaryoter som har blitt repurposed av forskere å generere RNA-guidede nucleases, som CRISPR-assosiert (Cas) 9 for områdespesifikke eukaryote genom redigering. Genomet engineering av Cas9 brukes effektivt, enkelt og robust endre endogene gener i mange biomedically relevante pattedyr linjer og organismer. Her viser vi et eksempel på hvordan å utnytte CRISPR/Cas9-metodikk for å forstå de biologiske funksjonen av bestemte genetiske mutasjoner. Vi modellen calreticulin (CALR) mutasjoner i murine interleukin-3 (mIL-3) underordnede pro-B (Ba/F3) celler ved levering av enkelt guide RNAs (sgRNAs) målretting endogene Calr locus i den spesifikke regionen der innsetting og/eller sletting (indel ) CALR mutasjoner oppstår i pasienter med myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), en type blodkreft. SgRNAs opprette dobbel-strand bryter (DSBs) i det målrettede området er reparert av ikke-homologe slutten med (NHEJ) for å gi indeler i ulike størrelser. Vi bruker deretter standard Ba/F3 mobilnettet transformasjon analysen å forstå effekten av fysiologiske nivå uttrykk for Calr mutasjoner på blodkreft mobilnettet transformasjon. Denne tilnærmingen kan brukes på andre gener å studere deres biologisk funksjon i ulike pattedyr linjer.

Med metoden skissert her er målet med dette eksperimentet å studere funksjonelle virkningene av å innføre indel mutasjoner til endogene Calr locus på blodkreft celle transformasjon. CRISPR/Cas9 systemet brukes som et verktøy til å opprette endogene Calr mutasjoner i Ba/F3 celle. To sgRNAs ble valgt målrette ekson 9 av Calr (figur 1), i regionen hvor innsettinger og/eller sletting (indel) mutasjoner oppstår vanligvis i C...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Investigate the Oncogenic Activity of Mutant Calreticulin in Cytokine Dependent Hematopoietic Cells at JoVE.com

Using CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Investigate the Oncogenic Activity of Mutant Calreticulin in Cytokine Dependent Hematopoietic Cells

Målrettet genet redigering med CRISPR/Cas9 har mye lettere forståelsen av biologiske funksjoner gener. Her bruker vi CRISPR/Cas9 metodikken å modell calreticulin mutasjoner i cytokin-avhengige blodkreft cellene for å studere aktiviteten deres kreftfremkallende.

Bruker CRISPR/Cas9 Gene redigering for å undersøke kreftfremkallende aktiviteten av muterte Calreticulin i cytokin avhengige blodkreft cellene

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an adaptive immunity system in prokaryotes that has been repurposed by scientists to ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to utilize CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to model calreticulin mutations in cytokine dependent hematopoietic cells in order to study their oncogenic activity. This method can help answer key questions in the hematological malignancies field such as the biological function of driver mutations when they are expressed at physiological levels. The main advantage of this technique is that it utilizes the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system to model and study the biological function of genes involved in cancer.To anneal and phosphorylate the oligos, add the reagents to a total of 10 microliters in a PCR tube kept on ice. Set the program in the thermocycler. Use water to dilute the reaction after cycle is complete.To digest the lentiGuide-Puro vector, prepare 50 microliters of digestor reaction. Then, start the digestion reaction at 55 degrees Celsius at a heat block. After one hour, add an additional microliter of BsmB1 restriction enzyme and continue the reaction for another hour.To dephosphorylate the cut back bone, add seven microliters of phosphatase reaction buffer and two microliters of phosphatase enzyme to the digestive vector. Then, incubate the mixture at 37 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes. Purify the already cut and dephosphylated back bone using a commercial kit.To prepare the ligation mixture, add 15 nanograms of digested back bone and other reagents to a PCR tube kept on ice and adjust the volume to 10 microliters with water. Incubate the reaction at room temperature for one hour. Then transform STBL3 compatible cells with two microliters of the ligation mixture.And then plate on the lysogeny broth agar plate containing 100 micrograms per milliliter of ampicillin. After this, incubate the plate overnight at 37 degrees Celsius. Pick three colonies and inoculate them.Perform mini prep for each culture and sequence the oligo insertion site with a U6 promoter region primer. Seed hek293t cells on a 10 centimeter dish. And leave it for overnight incubation.To prepare the DNA mixture for transfection, pipette 45 microliters of the transfection reagent to the DNA. Use a pipette to mix the DNA and transfection reagent carefully, and allow it to stand for 20 minutes. After this, add the DNA transfection mixture drop-wise on the seeded cells.Gently swirl the plates. And incubate at 5%carbon dioxide and 37 degrees Celsius for a day. Harvest the virus containing supernatent after 24 and 48 hours by passing it through a 0.22 micromiter filter.And aliquot 1.6 milliliters of supernatent in each cryo vial. Next aspirate the supernatent and resuspend the Ba/F3 cells in media by pipetting the cells up and down several times. Add 500 microliters of the resuspended cells, 1.5 milliliters of viral supernatant, four microliters of polybrene, and 10 nanograms per milliliter of murine interleukin 3 in a six well tissue culture plate.Centrifuge the plate at 440 G for 120 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. After centrifugation, transfer the plate to an incubator for overnight incubation at 37 degrees Celsius with 5%carbon dioxide. After this, spin the cells down at 440 G for three minutes.And resuspend in five milliliters of fresh warm media in a six well plate. To select the Cas9 infected cells, first spin down the cell. And then resuspend in fresh warm media supplemented with five micrograms per milliliter of blasticidin after 48 hours of spinfection.Continue selecting cells for nine days with blasticidin til all the uninfected cells are dead. Then, transfer the resistant cells to a medium with one microgram per milliliter of blasticidin. Transduce the parental cells and the cells stably expressing Cas9 with pXPR-011 reporter construct through lentiviral infection.Continue selecting cells with two micrograms per milliliter of puromycin for three days, 48 hours after spinfection. Infect the Cas9 expressing cells with single guide ribonucleic acid using lentivirus. Then, use two micrograms per milliliter of puromycin to select the cells for three days, 48 hours post spinfection.Bin the exponentially growing Ba/F3 cells expressing ectopic Cas9 and the single guide ribonucleic acid of interest. Aspirate the supernatent and wash the cells with five milliliters of phosphate buffered saline. Spin the cells down, and wash with phosphate buffered saline three times.Then, count the number of cells using a cell viability analyzer. After this, seed cells in triplicates in two milliliters of fresh media without interleukin 3 in six well culture plates. Start monitoring and counting the cells every two days for eight days.Representative flow psychometric data demonstrating Cas9 activity in parental Ba/F3 cell and Ba/F3 overexpressing Cas9 cells is shown here. Green fluorescent protein signal is reduced by 76%in Ba/F3 overexpressing Cas9 cells, indicating robust Cas9 activity, whereas in parental Ba/F3 cells, the green fluorescent protein signal remains at 100%Representative growth curves for cells demonstrating oncogenic activity of calreticulin are shown here. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated plus one base pair frame shift mutation was introduced in the exon nine locus of calreticulin using m1 and m2 single guide RNase.Growth curves for calreticulin targeted Ba/F3 thrombopoietin receptor Cas9 cells shows murine interleukin 3 independent growth. However, the growth curves for the other cell types do not show any cytokine independent growth. Sequencing results confirm the on target editing of endogynous calreticulin exon nine in calreticulin targeted Ba/F3 thrombopoietin receptor Cas9 cells using the m1 and m2 single guide RNase.The plus one base pair frame shift mutations are indicated in black. Once mastered, this technique can be done in two weeks if performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it's important to understand what kind of mutations in the gene of interest may be responsible for the phenotype that is desired.Following this procedure, other methods to further characterize the mutation, such as its role in cell signaling or in protein protein interactions can be performed in order to further understand the mechanism by which is causes disease. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of hematology to explore the effect of gain-of-function mutations at physiological levels on cell transformation in Ba/F3 hematopoietic cells. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to utilize the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methodology to investigate the oncogenic activity of gain-of-function mutations in cytokine dependent hematopoietic cells.Don't forget that working with lentivirus can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as working in a BL2 plus facility should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

The Drosophila Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualization and Quantification of Gene Expression and Tumor Invasiveness Using Genetic Mosaics

The Drosophila Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualization and Quantification of Gene Expression and Tumor Invasiveness Using Genetic Mosaics

De<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Imaginal Disc Tumor Model: Visualisering og Kvantifisering av genekspresjon og Tumor Invasivitet Bruke Genetic Mosaikk

Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful experimental system for functional and mechanistic studies of tumor development and progression in the ...

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

Fabrikasjon av tungen ekstracellulær Matrix og rekonstituering tungen Squamous celle Carcinoma In Vitro

In order to construct an effective and realistic model for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in vitro, the methods were created to produce ...

Phosphopeptide Enrichment Coupled with Label-free Quantitative Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Phosphoproteome in Prostate Cancer

Phosphopeptide berikelse kombinert med etikett-fri kvantitative massespektrometri å undersøke Phosphoproteome i prostatakreft

Phosphoproteomics involves the large-scale study of phosphorylated proteins. Protein phosphorylation is a critical step in many signal transduction ...

Investigation of Genetic Dependencies Using CRISPR-Cas9-based Competition Assays

Undersøkelse av genetisk avhengigheter ved hjelp av CRISPR-Cas9-baserte konkurranse analyser

Gene perturbation studies have been extensively used to investigate the role of individual genes in AML pathogenesis. For achieving complete gene ...

Using CRISPR/Cas9 to Knock Out GM-CSF in CAR-T Cells

Bruke CRISPR/Cas9 å Knock Out GM-CSF i CAR-T celler

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a cutting edge and potentially revolutionary new treatment option for cancer. However, there are ...

Oncogenic Gene Fusion Detection Using Anchored Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Followed by Next Generation Sequencing

Kreftfremkallende Gene Fusion Detection bruke forankret multiplex polymerase Kjedere reaksjon etterfulgt av neste generasjon sekvensering

Gene fusions frequently contribute to the oncogenic phenotype of many different types of cancer. Additionally, the presence of certain fusions in samples ...

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

Isolasjon og utvidelse av cytotoktoktokin-indusert killer T-celler for kreftbehandling

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy focuses on restoring cancer recognition via the immune system and improves effective tumor cell killing. Cytokine-induced ...

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis

Kartlegging av strukturfunksjonsrelasjoner av uordnede onkogene transkripsjonsfaktorer ved hjelp av transkripsjonsanalyse

Many cancers are characterized by chromosomal translocations which result in the expression of oncogenic fusion transcription factors. Typically, these ...

Isolation of Proximal Fluids to Investigate the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Isolering av proksimale væsker for å undersøke tumormikromiljøet i bukspyttkjerteladenokarsinom

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, and soon to become the second. There is an urgent need of variables ...