Name: an improved method for collection of cerebrospinal fluid from anesthetized mice
Uploaded: 2018-03-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Anesthetized Mice at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了中国国家自然科学基金 (81650110527、81371400) 和中国国家重点基础研究项目 (2013CB530900) 的支持。

所有动物实验都是按照神经科学学会 (美国) 和复旦大学 (中国上海) 伦理委员会的政策进行的。这个程序是为非生存手术。
1. 脑脊液采集装置的设置
<ol><li>使用微拉拔玻璃毛细管 (内径为0.75 毫米, 外径1.0 毫米) (如刘et所示)。10;锐毛毛细管显示在图 1中)。</li>
	<li>将锐尖的玻璃毛细管放入牢固安装在机器人上的毛细管支架上 (<stro...

<ol>
	<li>Anoop, A., Singh, P. K., Jacob, R. S., Maji, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CSF+Biomarkers+for+Alzheimer's+Disease+Diagnosis.">CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis.</a> Int. J. Alzheimers. Dis. 2010, 1-12 (2010).</li><li>Blennow, K., Hampel, H., Weiner, M., Zetterberg, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebrospinal+fluid+and+plasma+biomarkers+in+Alzheimer+disease.">Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer disease.</a> Nat. Rev. Neurol. 6 (3), 131-144 (2010).</li><li>Schoonenboom, N. S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebrospinal+fluid+markers+for+differential+dementia+diagnosis+in+a+large+memory+clinic+cohort.">Cerebrospinal fluid markers for differential dementia diagnosis in a large memory clinic cohort.</a> Neurology. 78 (1), 47-54 (2012).</li><li>Molinuevo, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+clinical+use+of+cerebrospinal+fluid+biomarker+testing+for+Alzheimer's+disease+diagnosis:+A+consensus+paper+from+the+Alzheimer's+Biomarkers+Standardization+Initiative.">The clinical use of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: A consensus paper from the Alzheimer's Biomarkers Standardization Initiative.</a> Alzheimer's Dement. 10 (6), 808-817 (2014).</li><li>Fagan, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CSF+biomarkers+of+Alzheimer's+disease:+impact+on+disease+concept,+diagnosis,+and+clinical+trial+design.">CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: impact on disease concept, diagnosis, and clinical trial design.</a> Adv. Geriatr. 2014, 1-14 (2014).</li><li>Ramautar, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+profiling+of+mouse+cerebrospinal+fluid+by+sheathless+CE-MS.">Metabolic profiling of mouse cerebrospinal fluid by sheathless CE-MS.</a> Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 404 (10), 2895-2900 (2012).</li><li>Liu, L., Herukka, S., Minkeviciene, R., Vangreon, T., Tanila, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+observation+on+CSF+A&#946;42+levels+in+young+to+middle-aged+amyloid+precursor+protein/presenilin-1+doubly+transgenic+mice.">Longitudinal observation on CSF A&#946;42 levels in young to middle-aged amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 doubly transgenic mice.</a> Neurobiol. Dis. 17 (3), 516-523 (2004).</li><li>Schelle, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+tau+increase+in+cerebrospinal+fluid+of+APP+transgenic+mice+suggests+downstream+effect+of+BACE1+inhibition.">Prevention of tau increase in cerebrospinal fluid of APP transgenic mice suggests downstream effect of BACE1 inhibition.</a> Alzheimer's Dement. , (2016).</li><li>You, J. -. S., Gelfanova, V., Knierman, M. D., Witzmann, F. A., Wang, M., Hale, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+impact+of+blood+contamination+on+the+proteome+of+cerebrospinal+fluid.">The impact of blood contamination on the proteome of cerebrospinal fluid.</a> Proteomics. 5 (1), 290-296 (2005).</li><li>Liu, L., Duff, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Technique+for+Serial+Collection+of+Cerebrospinal+Fluid+from+the+Cisterna+Magna+in+Mouse.">A Technique for Serial Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Cisterna Magna in Mouse.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (21), (2008).</li><li>Maia, L. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+amyloid-&#946;+and+Tau+in+the+cerebrospinal+fluid+of+transgenic+mice+overexpressing+amyloid+precursor+protein.">Changes in amyloid-&#946; and Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid of transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein.</a> Sci. Transl. Med. 5 (194), 194re2 (2013).</li><li>Oshio, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+cerebrospinal+fluid+production+and+intracranial+pressure+in+mice+lacking+choroid+plexus+water+channel+Aquaporin-1.">Reduced cerebrospinal fluid production and intracranial pressure in mice lacking choroid plexus water channel Aquaporin-1.</a> FASEB J. , (2004).</li></ol>

本协议详细描述了一种技术, 它改进了现有方法10脑脊液收集, 以最大限度地减少血液污染, 并允许大量收集脑脊液 (平均约10-15 µL 可获得) 从小鼠。当打破毛细管尖端, 毛细管的尖端不应该太小 (因为然后脑脊液将被提取非常缓慢) 或太大 (将不够罚款, 以收集脑脊液和组织可以成为在毛细管)。在解剖脑脊液收集区域时应注意: 应停止任何出血, 并将玻璃毛细管的插入区域与 dH2</s...

脑脊液是一种有价值的体液, 用于分析神经科学研究。脑脊液主要由血浆组成, 含有少量细胞 (没有红细胞, 只有少数白细胞), 几乎无蛋白质。它是与中枢神经系统 (CNS) 紧密接触的液体之一, 它可以将许多电解质从大脑和脊髓传给外围系统。在人类中, 可以收集脑脊液样本以帮助诊断疾病或临床试验中的研究目的, 因为脊椎穿刺 (或腰椎穿孔) 是一种轻微的侵入性手术: 脑脊液可以反映中枢神经系统的变化, 而无需直接访问这些组织.因此, 近年来, 为临床研究目的, 脑脊液样本已获得从神经退行性疾病的患者, 如阿尔茨海默病和其他痴呆1,2,3。有许多生物标志物的研究已经开发使用脑脊液样本, 以潜在的帮助诊断疾病的诊所2,3。然而, 对于这些化验的可靠性, 有很多争论, 以产生一致的, 敏感的结果, 专门诊断疾病4,5。因此, 有必要发展更好的检测和指标, 可以在脑脊液中找到, 以帮助生产一种标准技术, 以更大的灵敏度和特异性诊断神经变性疾病。由于人体脑脊液样本在疾病中的潜在重要性, 在神经科学研究中采集啮齿目动物的脑脊液也很有兴趣。
小鼠是生物学和医学研究中的重要动物, 在人类临床试验之前, 允许对潜在的治疗化合物和概念证明研究进行测试。然而, 在小鼠很难获得脑脊液标本由于它接近大脑在一个小动物, 因为通常的脑脊液收集方法是通过大池获得, 在小脑和延髓背表面之间的开放。这导致采集脑脊液标本困难, 因为这一地区很难解剖, 并与血管接近, 增加了血细胞污染的风险。由于这些困难, 大多数研究人员只能获得少量的脑脊液进行分析 (通常说是5-7 µL), 并且血液细胞对脑脊液样品的污染是分析6、7、8的主要关注因素。,9. 血液污染会使结果模糊不清, 并不能真正反映中枢神经系统的状态。此外, 有限样本收集可以影响研究, 因为通常的数量从小鼠是足够的只有一个测量 (重复或三个) 使用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)。因此, 脑脊液标本通常是从多个小鼠汇集, 以便有足够的样本来运行多种化验。为大量、无污染的小鼠脑脊液收集提供了一个协议, 这对改善利用啮齿动物进行神经科学研究是有益的。
在本议定书中, 详细描述了从麻醉小鼠中大量 (平均10-15 µL) 收集脑脊液的技术, 并改进了目前已知的脑脊液收集方法, 以最大限度地减少血液中的污染10。一个强健的脑脊液收集协议将有助于开发基于脑脊液的生物标志物化验, 这可以用来帮助诊断疾病, 并改进对影响中枢神经系统疾病的机制的研究。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloral hydrate (used as anesthetic)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemicals Reagen Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td>30037517</td>
			<td>CAS number 302-17-0.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting scissors</td>
			<td>66 vision technology</td>
			<td>54002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting curved forceps</td>
			<td>66 vision technology</td>
			<td>53072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting straight forceps</td>
			<td>66 vision technology</td>
			<td>53070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse adapter (with ear bars)</td>
			<td>Made in-house.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Similar equipment available from World Precision Instruments.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Meiji Labax</td>
			<td>Model 15381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>M3301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic base for micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Kanetec</td>
			<td>MB-K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass capillaries</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>1B100-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette puller</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>Model P-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringes (1ml)</td>
			<td>Tansoole</td>
			<td>02024692</td>
			<td>For 1ml.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtubes (1.5ml)</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>MCT-150-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor Cocktail Set III EDTA-free</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>539134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human A&#946;42 ELISA kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>KHB3441</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piping (teflon tubing)</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>MMP-KIT</td>
			<td>Obtained from a microinjection kit and attached to the capillary holder and syringe.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini centrifuge</td>
			<td>Tiangen Biotech</td>
			<td>OSE-MC8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton buds</td>
			<td>Obtained from any household store/pharmacy.</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved method for collection of cerebrospinal fluid from anesthetized mice

脑脊液 (CSF) 是一种有价值的体液, 用于分析神经科学研究。它是最接近中枢神经系统的液体之一, 因此可以用来分析大脑或脊髓的患病状态而不直接进入这些组织。然而, 小鼠由于与血管的亲近而难以从大池获得, 这通常会污染样本。小鼠的脑脊液采集面积也很难解剖, 而且通常只有小样本 (最多5-7 µL 或更少)。该协议详细描述了一种技术, 改进现有的收集方法, 以尽量减少血液污染, 并允许大量收集脑脊液 (平均10-15 µL 可以收集)。这种技术可以与其他解剖方法, 从小鼠组织收集, 因为它不会影响任何组织在脑脊液提取。因此, 大脑和脊髓不受这种技术的影响, 并保持不变。随着脑脊液样品的收集和纯度的增加, 更多的分析可以用来进一步帮助神经科学研究, 更好地了解影响大脑和脊髓的疾病。

使用此处概述的过程 (图 1和图 2), 立即在毛细管中收集的 CSF 应该是清晰的 (图 2E), 而不是粉红色或红色。如果在毛细管中收集的液体中有粉红色到红色的色调, 那么就会有血液污染。
以该方法采集的脑脊液样品的应用为例, 用 ELISA 法测定了蛋白质淀粉样蛋白β...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Anesthetized Mice at JoVE.com

An Improved Method for Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Anesthetized Mice

本协议描述了一种改进的技术, 用于丰富的脑脊液 (CSF), 不污染血液。随着样品的收集和纯度的增加, 可以通过脑脊液进行更多的分析, 进一步了解影响大脑和脊髓的疾病。

一种改进的麻醉小鼠脑脊液采集方法

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable body fluid for analysis in neuroscience research. It is one of the fluids in closest contact with the central ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to improve collection of cerebrospinal fluid from mice without contamination from blood. This method provides an easy and reliable way to collect CSF for monitoring the biomarkers of neural diseases. The main advantage of this technique is that the addition with the micromanipulator to aid in CSF collection from mice decreases the contamination of blood during collection.Begin by placing a pulled glass capillary into a capillary holder which is firmly mounted on a micromanipulator. Next, while viewing through a dissecting microscope, use straight forceps to break the tip of the sharpened capillary so that the inner diameter of the broken tip is about 10 to 20 microns. Then attach a thin tube and a syringe to the other end of the capillary holder, connect the thin tube and the syringe with a three-way valve and shift the three-way valve to open.Then plunge the syringe to expel any contaminants and create positive pressure in the capillary tube. Repeat this a few times by disconnecting and reconnecting the syringe to the three-way valve. Then draw up air to 100 to 200 microliters before the final reconnection of the syringe with the three-way valve.Move the micromanipulator with the glass capillary to the side to prevent damage during the surgical procedure. Before beginning the surgery, ensure that the mouse has been fully anesthetized by pinching all four limbs and observing the absence of a reaction. Then use dissecting scissors to cut and trim the hair at the back of the head of the mouse from above the eyes between the ears to the bottom of the neck.Secure the head of the mouse using a stereotaxic frame mouse adapter. Make sure the head cannot move and is secured tightly in the adapter by gently pushing down onto the head of the mouse. Use scissors and curved forceps to cut through the mouse skin across the back of the neck and then down the middle of the skull between the ears and eyes of the mouse.Pull the skin and tissue apart and out of the area over the cisterna magna. While viewing through the dissecting microscope, carefully dissect away the last thin layers of muscle over the base of the skull using forceps and move these layers of muscle to the side and out of the area of interest. Once the dura over the cisterna magna is exposed, use a wet cotton bud to wipe the membrane clean and then use a dry cotton bud to dry the area.The cisterna magna appears triangular with one to two large blood vessels running through the area. Either side of or between the blood vessels is optimal for capillary insertion and CSF collection. Once the cisterna magna is exposed, use the micromanipulator to align the glass capillary to the back of the mouse head so that the sharpened point is just behind the membrane at a 30 to 45 degree angle.Next, plunge the syringe once or a few times and then move the plunger back 100 to 200 microliters to make sure there are no contaminants and there is negative pressure in the glass capillary. Then move the capillary tip closer to the membrane until resistance can be seen, but without puncturing the membrane. Knock on the micromanipulator controls to gently tap the capillary tube through the membrane.CSF should automatically be drawn into the capillary tube once the opening has been punctured. Leave the capillary in place to slowly collect CSF. If the CSF has stopped flowing, slowly draw the syringe up approximately 50 microliters to create more negative pressure in the capillary.Ten to 15 microliters of CSF is collected in 10 to 30 minutes. Once the desired volume of CSF has been collected, close the tubing by shifting the three-way valve to close and remove the syringe connected to the tubing. Open and then close the tubing to create equalized pressure in the capillary, the tubing, and the area outside the capillary.Then reconnect the syringe before gently removing the glass capillary from the mouse using micromanipulator. Next, place the collection tube containing one microliter of 20X protease inhibitor under the sharpened point of the glass capillary. Open the tubing and gently plunge the syringe.The CSF should flow out of the capillary and into the collection tube. After collection, pulse centrifuge the CSF to mix the sample with the protease inhibitor at the bottom of the collection tube. CSF samples can be aliquoted and then stored for further analysis at minus 80 degrees Celsius.CSF collected from APP/PS1 mice demonstrated a significant increase in levels of human A beta 42 at 12 months of age. In wild type mice, no human A beta 42 was detected. Once mastered, this procedure can be done in one hour if performed properly.While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to avoid blood vessels when inserting the capillary and to only make minor adjustments with the micromanipulator during CSF collection to avoid contamination with blood.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Lateral Fluid Percussion: Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

侧向液压冲击：创伤性脑损伤小鼠模型

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research has attained renewed momentum due to the increasing awareness of head injuries, which result in morbidity and ...

科研

神经科学

Isolation of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rodent Embryos for use with Dissected Cerebral Cortical Explants

脑脊液分离解剖大脑皮质外植体使用的啮齿动物胚胎

The CSF is a complex fluid with a dynamically varying proteome throughout development and in adulthood. During embryonic development, the nascent CSF ...

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

染色昆虫行为检测：麻醉的交配行为<em&gt;果蝇</em

Mating experiments using Drosophila have contributed greatly to the understanding of sexual selection and behavior. Experiments often require simple, easy ...

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

为记录细胞内电压响应电法<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;光感受器和中间对光刺激<em&gt;在体内</em

Voltage responses of insect photoreceptors and visual interneurons can be accurately recorded with conventional sharp microelectrodes. The method ...

Sample Preparation for Endopeptidomic Analysis in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid

人脑脊液 Endopeptidomic 分析的样品制备

This protocol describes a method developed to identify endogenous peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For this purpose, a previously developed ...

Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats

一种改进的多电子四极超光速引擎在行为大鼠大尺度神经记录中的构建

Monitoring the activity patterns of a large population of neurons over many days in awake animals is a valuable technique in the field of systems ...

In Vivo Imaging of Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport through the Intact Mouse Skull using Fluorescence Macroscopy

使用荧光宏镜检查,通过"完整小鼠头骨"进行脑脊液传输的 Vivo 成像

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in rodents has largely been studied using ex vivo quantification of tracers. Techniques such as two-photon microscopy and ...

Injections of AAV Vectors for Optogenetics in Anesthetized and Awake Behaving Non-Human Primate Brain

在麻醉和清醒行为的非人灵长类动物大脑中注射用于光遗传学的AAV载体

Optogenetic techniques have revolutionized neuroscience research and are poised to do the same for neurological gene therapy. The clinical use of ...

A Pilot Study on the Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of A&#946; and Tau Levels in Rhesus Monkey Cerebrospinal Fluid

恒河猴脑脊液中Aβ和Tau水平重复经颅磁刺激的试点研究

Previous studies have demonstrated that a non-invasive light-flickering regime and auditory tone stimulation could affect A&#946; and tau metabolism in ...

Real-Time Dynamic Collection of Hippocampal Extracellular Fluid from Conscious Rats Using a Microdialysis System

使用微透析系统实时动态收集意识大鼠的海马细胞外液

A variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases are associated with changes in the composition of hippocampal extracellular fluid (HECF). However, ...