Name: quantification of endogenous auxin and cytokinin during internode culture of ipecac
Uploaded: 2018-03-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac at JoVE.com

우리는 그들의 기술 지원에 대 한 응용된 생물 과학 부, 도요 대학, 군마 농업 기술 센터의 씨 Koudai 타 니 구치의 씨 아키라 무라카미에 감사. 우리는 또한 그들의 제안에 대 한 교수 Shosaku Kashiwada 박사 우 Maheswari Rajagopalan, 도요 대학에 감사입니다. 이 연구는 생명 및 환경 과학, 도요 대학에 대 한 연구 센터에 의해 부분에서 지원 되었다.

참고: Ipecac (C. ipecacuanha)에 사용 되었다이 연구 생 phytohormones의 분석을 용이 하 게 하기 때문에.
1. 성장 조건 Ipecac의 우발적인 촬영 유도
<ol><li>PH 5.710, 조정 phytohormone 무료 B5 매체를 준비 하 고 0.2 %gellan 껌을 추가. 압력가 마로 소독 하 여 소독.</li>
	<li>멸 균 페 트리 접시 (90 m m × 20 m m)에 압력가 하는 매체의 25 mL를 붓으십시오.</li>
	<li>Ipecac plantlets 수?...

<ol>
	<li>Haberlandt, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kulturversuche+mit+isolierten+Pflanzenzellen.">Kulturversuche mit isolierten Pflanzenzellen.</a> Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 111, 69-92 (1902).</li><li>Skoog, F., Miller, C. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+regulation+of+growth+and+organ+formation+in+plant+tissues+cultured+in+vitro.">Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro.</a> Symp Soc Exp Biol. 11, 118-130 (1957).</li><li>Ganeshan, S., Caswell, K. L., Kartha, K. K., Chibbar, R. N., Khachatourians, G. G., McHughen, A., Scorza, R., Nip, W. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cultivation+and+utilixzation+of+medicinal+plants.">Cultivation and utilixzation of medicinal plants.</a> Regional Research Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. , 295-301 (1982).</li><li>Yoshimatsu, K., Shimomura, K., Bajaj, Y. P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 21, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV. , 87-103 (1993).</li><li>Ideda, K., Teshima, D., Aoyama, T., Satake, M., Shimomura, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+propagation+of+Cephaelis+ipecacuanha.">Clonal propagation of Cephaelis ipecacuanha.</a> Plant Cell Rep. 7 (4), 288-291 (1988).</li><li>Yoshimatsu, K., Shimomura, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+shoot+formation+on+internodal+segments+and+alkaloid+formation+in+the+regenerates+of+Cephaelis+ipecacuanha+A.+Richard.">Efficient shoot formation on internodal segments and alkaloid formation in the regenerates of Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard.</a> Plant Cell Rep. 9 (10), 567-570 (1991).</li><li>Koike, I., Taniguchi, K., Shimomura, K., Umehara, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+endogenous+indole-3-acetic+acid+and+cytokinins+during+adventitious+shoot+formation+in+ipecac.">Dynamics of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins during adventitious shoot formation in ipecac.</a> J. Plant Growth Regul. , (2017).</li><li>Gamborg, O. L., Miller, R. A., Ojima, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nutrient+requirements+of+suspension+cultures+of+soybean+root+cells.">Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells.</a> Exp. Cell Res. 50 (1), 151-158 (1968).</li><li>Watad, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adventitious+shoot+formation+from+carnation+stem+segments:+a+comparison+of+different+culture+procedures.">Adventitious shoot formation from carnation stem segments: a comparison of different culture procedures.</a> Scientia Hortic. 65 (4), 313-320 (1996).</li><li>Ajithkumar, D., Seeni, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+clonal+multiplication+through+in+vitro+axillary+shoot+proliferation+of+Aegle+marmelos+(L.)+Corr.,+a+medicinal+tree.">Rapid clonal multiplication through in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., a medicinal tree.</a> Plant Cell Rep. 17 (5), 422-426 (1998).</li><li>Tiwari, V., Tiwari, K. N., Singh, B. 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Phytohormones의 분포를 식별 하기 위해 organogenesis에 관련 된 그것은 적용 될 때 phytohormones는 것 유도 위한 explants 때문에 있는 organogenesis phytohormone 무료 매체에 관찰 될 수 있다 식물 재료를 사용 하는 것이 중요 촬영 또는 뿌리, 그들은 전체 explant을, 세포 분화 및 organogenesis에 있는 식물의 고유한가 소성을 평가 하 고 어려운 영향을 미칩니다. 우발적인 촬영 phytohormone 무료 문화 미디어 Dianthus caryophy...

고트 Haberlandt (1854-1945 년) "totipotency", 어떤 식물에 의해 세포 수, 차별화, 분열과 성숙한 식물1에서 특정 세포 유형으로 차별화 그들의 이전 후에 전체 식물을 재생성의 개념을 제안 했다. 조직 문화에서 조합 및 성장 매체에 적용 된 것 phytohormones의 농도 의해 결정 됩니다 여부 식물 재생 여부 유도 될 수 있다. Skoog와 밀러 우발적인 뿌리 매체 포함 된 낮은 비율2에 유도 될 수 있는 반면 우발적인 촬영에 auxins, CKs의 높은 비율을 포함 하는 문화 매체에 굳은 살 담배에서에서 유도 될 수 있는 발견. 그 발견 이후 조직 문화는 널리 이용 된다 경제적으로 중요 한 작물의 전파 및 유전자 변형 식물3의 재생. 우발적인 촬영 촬영 정점 분열 조직, 잎, 뿌리, internodes 등 다른 조직에서 유도 될 수 있다. Phytohormone 치료는 대부분의 식물 종에서 우발적인 촬영의 유도 필요 합니다. 그러나, 최적 농도 조합 다 종에 의해 및 explants로 사용 하는 조직 중. 따라서, 많은 노력 결정 최적 농도 실험에 대 한 phytohormones의 조합으로 간다.
Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot) L. 앤더슨 (ipecac)는 emetine 등 뿌리4에 주로 cephaeline, 알 카 로이드를 포함 하는 약용 식물 이다. 루트 추출 물 expectorant, 토 제, 그리고 amoebicide5로 사용 됩니다. 비록 ipecac 브라질의 열 대 우림에 자연적으로 성장, 문화, 씨앗을 설정 하기를 꺼 려 이며 발 아 율 감소는 추운 기후6일본, 씨앗 보관. 대신, 조직 문화에 의해 전파, 어떤 우발적인 촬영 internodes에 가장 효율적인 방법7,8. 흥미롭게도, 우발적인 촬영 phytohormone 치료8없이이 종에서 유도 될 수 있다.
우발적인 촬영 표 피 기저 지역9에 callusing, 없이 internodal 세그먼트의 꼭대기 지역에 형성 된다. 이 차이 아마도 phytohormonal 규정 internodal 세그먼트에서 조직 극성을 나타냅니다. Ipecac 문화 시스템 우발적인 촬영 형성 동안 내 생 phytohormone 레벨에 변화를 분석 하는 독특한 기회를 허용 합니다. 한 auxin (indole-3-아세트산 (IAA)) 및 4 개의 CKs 생 레벨의 분석에 대 한 우리의 방법을 소개 (isopentenyl 아데닌 (iP), isopentenyl 아데닌 아 (iPR), 트랜스-제 (tZ), 및 트랜스-제 아 (tZR)) 액정-MS/MS 사용 internodal 세그먼트.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:677px;" width="678">
	<colgroup>
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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">[2H5]indole-3-acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Olchemlm Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">031 1531</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Internal standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">[2H5]trans-zeatin</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Olchemlm Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">030 0301</td>
			<td>Internal standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">[2H5]trans-zeatin riboside</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Olchemlm Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">030 0311</td>
			<td>Internal standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">[2H6]N6-isopentenyl adenine</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Olchemlm Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">030 0161</td>
			<td>Internal standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">[2H6]N6-isopentenyl adenosine</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Olchemlm Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">030 0171</td>
			<td>Internal standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">indole-3-acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Wako</td>
			<td>098 00181</td>
			<td>standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">trans-zeatin</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z0876 5MG</td>
			<td>standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">trans-zeatin riboside</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Wako</td>
			<td>262 01081</td>
			<td>standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">N6-isopentenyl adenine</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D7674 1G</td>
			<td>standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">N6-isopentenyl adenosine</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">ACROS ORGANICS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">22648 1000</td>
			<td>standard for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">acetonitrile hypergrade for LC-MS LiChrosolv</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">MERCK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.00029.1000</td>
			<td>solvent for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Water for chromatography LiChrosolv</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">MERCK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.15333.1000</td>
			<td>solvent for LC-MS/MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HPLC</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">SHIMADZU</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Prominence</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MS</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Sciex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3200QTRAP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Oasis HLB 30 mg/1 cc</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">WAT094225</td>
			<td>cartridge column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Oasis MCX 30 mg/1 cc</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">186000252</td>
			<td>cartridge column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">screw neck total recovery vial</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">186002805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:216px;">blue, 12 x 32mm screw neck cap and PTFE/silicone septum</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">186000274</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 2.1x100 mm</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">186002350</td>
			<td>UPLC column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Proshell 120 EC-C18, 2.1x50 mm</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">699775-902</td>
			<td>UPLC column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Digital microscope</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DHS1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TissueLyser II</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">QIAGEN</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">85300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Surgical blade</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Feather</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">No. 22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scalpel handle</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Feather</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">No. 4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="61">
			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:216px;">Savant SpeedVac/Refregerated vapor trap</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SPD111/RVT4104</td>
			<td>vacuum concentrartor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:216px;">Disposable glass tobe (13x100 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">IWAKI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9832-1310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sterile petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">INA OPTICA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I-90-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantification of endogenous auxin and cytokinin during internode culture of ipecac

우발적인 촬영 형성 유전자 변형 식물의 재생 및 경제적으로 중요 한 작물의 전파에 대 한 중요 한 기술입니다. Phytohormone 치료는 대부분의 종에서 우발적인 촬영의 유도 필요 합니다. Auxin과 시 토 키 닌 (CK) 사이의 균형에 의해 결정 됩니다 여부 우발적인 촬영 유도 될 수 있는 수준. 많은 노력 결정 최적 농도 및 explants로 사용 하는 각 조직에 각 식물 종에 phytohormones의 조합으로 간다. 그러나 Ipecac에서, 우발적인 촬영 수 유도 될 phytohormone 치료 없이 문화 매체에서 internodal 세그먼트에. 평가할 셀 차별화 ipecac의 고유한 소성 수 있습니다. Ipecac 우발적인 촬영 유도, 우리 phytohormone 무료 B5 중간 5 주 동안 0.2 %gellan 껌으로 고형화에 14 h 빛/10-h 어두운 주기에 internodal 세그먼트 15 µmol m−2의 − 1 의 빛에서 24 ° C에서 경작. 우발적인 촬영 형성 동안 phytohormone 역학 조사, 우리 생 indole-3-아세트산 및 CKs 세그먼트에 의해 측정 액체 크로마토그래피 탠덤 질량 분석 LC-MS/MS. 이 메서드는 간단한 방식으로 생 indole-3-아세트산 및 CKs 레벨의 분석을 수 있습니다. 그것은 다른 식물 종에 organogenesis 동안 내 생 auxin과 CK의 역학 조사에 적용할 수 있습니다.

1세인트 주에서 아니 우발적인 촬영 형성 했다. 2노스다코타 주에 작은 쏘고 나타났다. 3rd , 4번째 주에 수 꼭대기 지역 (I 및 II)에서 주로 증가 쏘고 (그림 2A). 5일 주에 수 촬영의 되었고 약 7 시내 지역 나 지역 II (그림 2B) 5. 대조적으로, 단지 몇 가지 촬영 영역 II...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac at JoVE.com

Quantification of Endogenous Auxin and Cytokinin During Internode Culture of Ipecac

Ipecac의 위치인 문화 중 생 Auxin 및 시 토 키 닌의 정량화

우발적인 촬영 phytohormone 치료 없이 ipecac의 internodal 세그먼트에 유도 될 수 있다. 우발적인 촬영 형성 동안 phytohormone 역학을 평가 하기 위해 내 생 auxin 및 LC-MS/MS에 의해 internodal 세그먼트에서 시 토 키 닌을 측정 했습니다.

Adventitious shoot formation is an important technique for the propagation of economically important crops and for the regeneration of transgenic plants. ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to describe how endogenous phytohormone levels change during adventitious shoot formation in ipecac. This method can help answer key questions related to tissue regeneration in the plant tissue culture wheel. The main advantage of this technique is the endogenous level of Indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinines can be simply analyzed with high sensitivity.The implication of this technique extend throughout establishment of plant tissue degeneration because changes in endogenous phytohormone level trigger adventitious shoot formation. To begin, prepare a phytohormone-free B5 medium and add 0.2 percent gellan gum. Then, autoclave the medium to sterilize it.Using a surgical scalpel on a sterile acrylic plate, slice eight millimeter internodal segments of ipecac plantlets and place them on the medium. Then, culture the ipecac segments at 24 degrees Celsius under 15 micromole per square meter seconds of light in a 14-hour light, 10-hour dark cycle for five weeks. After culturing the ipecac segments, identify regions one through four in each segment.Once a week, use a microscope to count the number of adventitious shoots in each region. First, place a five millimeter zirconia bead into four two-milliliter sample tubes. Then, use a surgical scalpel on a sterile acrylic plate to cut the ipecac segments into regions I through IV.Then collect eight segments from each region into one sample tube.Weigh each of the samples and freeze them in liquid nitrogen. Next, use a bead-based homogenizer to crush the frozen samples. Use a vortex mixer to suspend the samples in one milliliter of the acetonitrile with 500 picograms of each internal standard of oxen and CKs.Home the samples at four degrees Celsius for one hour. And then centrifuge the samples at 3500 G for five minutes at room temperature. Wash the pellet in 80 percent acetal nitrile with one percent acetic acid.Then repeat the centrifugation and use a disposable class tube to combine the supernatants. Add 600 microliters of water with one percent acetic acid to the combined supernatant. Then use a vacuum concentrator to evaporate the acetal nitrile.Load the sample solutions into individual equilibrated HLB cartridges. And wash the cartridges with one milliliter of water with one percent acetic acid. Then allude all of the hormones with two milliliters of 80 percent acetyl nitrile with one percent acetic acid in a glass tube.Using a vacuum concentrator, evaporate the acetal nitrile to obtain extract in water with one percent acetic acid. Load the sample solutions into individual equilibrated MCX cartridges and wash the cartridges with one milliliter of water with one percent acetic acid. Then allude IAA in a glass tube, with two milliliters of 30 percent acetal nitrile with one percent acetic acid.Then wash the cartridges with two milliliters of 80 percent acetal nitrile with one percent acetic acid. Next, wash the cartridges with two milliliters of water and one milliliter of water with five percent aqueous ammonia in a draft chamber. Allude the CKs in a glass tube with two milliliters of 60 percent acetal nitrile with five percent aqueous ammonia in a draft chamber.Then use a vacuum concentrator to evaporate the solvent of each hormone fraction. Stir the samples at minus thirty degrees Celsius until LCMSMS analysis. First, dissolve each hormone extract in a tube with 600 microliters of methanol.Then transfer the solution to a screw-neck total recovery vial and use a vacuum concentrator to evaporate the solvent. Dissolve the IAA fraction in 20 microliters of 30 percent acetal nitrile and the CK fractions in 20 microliters of water with one percent acetic acid. Next use a triple quadrupole MS system equipped with an HPLC system to analyze the samples in positive ion mode.Finally quantify endogenous IAA in CK levels against a standard curve of the ration of unlabeled to deuterium label standards. In this protocol endogenous oxidant cytokinin in adventitious chutes was measured via LCMSMS for five weeks. At the first week, no adventitious chutes had formed and the first small chutes appeared during the second week.During the third and fourth weeks, the number of chutes increased mostly in regents one and two. During the fifth week the number of chutes was approximately seven in region one, and five in region two. Before culture, the IAA level was slightly higher in region one than in regions two, three, and four.During the first week, the IAA level increased greatly in region four, and decreased slightly in regions one, two, and three. By five weeks of culture an IAA concentration gradient emerged. With levels increasing from region one to region four.Before culture, there were only trace levels of most of the CKs. At the first week, the tZR level increased to 13.8 picograms per milligram in region two. And 18.1 picograms per milligram in region three.In contrast the levels of tZ, iP and iPR changed only slightly during culture. While attempting this procedure it's important to remember that endogenous part hormone are stable. After it's developed man, this technique paves the way for researchers in the field of plant tissue culture.To explore adventitious formation in other organisms. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to analyze endogenous Indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinines.

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