Name: a protocol for the production of integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors for crispr/cas9-mediated gene knockout in dividing cells
Uploaded: 2017-12-12T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells at JoVE.com

我们要感谢生物学系, 杜克大学医学院和院长办公室的基础科学, 杜克大学。我们还感谢杜克病毒媒介核心成员对手稿的评论。质粒 pLenti CRISPRv2 是来自冯张 (广研院) 的礼物。LV 包装系统, 包括质粒 psPAX2, VSV, pMD2. g 和 pRSV 是来自 Trono (瑞士 EPFL) 的一种礼物。这项工作的财政支助由南卡罗来纳大学医学院提供, 补助金 RDF18080-E202 (B. K)。

1. 培养 HEK-293T 细胞和种子细胞进行转染
注: 人类胚胎肾脏 293T (HEK-293T) 细胞生长在 DMEM, 高葡萄糖培养基辅以10% 牛小牛血清补充铁和生长促进剂, 1x 抗生素防霉溶液 (100x 溶液含有1万单位青霉素, 10 毫克链霉素和25µg 两性霉素 B 每毫升)。该培养基还辅以1x 丙酮酸钠, 1x 非必需氨基酸混合, 和2毫米 l-谷氨酰胺 (200 毫米 l-丙谷氨酰胺二肽在 0.85% NaCl)。细胞培养在100毫米组织培养板 (近?...

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IDLVs 已经开始成为体内基因编辑的首选载体, 特别是在遗传疾病的背景下, 这主要是由于与这些媒介相关联的突变风险低, 与整合交付平台22,28. 在当前手稿中, 我们试图详细说明最近在实验室28中开发的改进的 IDLV-CRISPR/Cas9 系统的生产相关的协议。
对现有平台的修改 使用此方法, 我们能够在 1 x ...

精确的基因编辑是主要的生物医学进步的基石, 涉及发展新的策略来解决遗传疾病。在基因编辑技术的前沿是依靠使用clustered regularlyinterspaced s园艺palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 系统的方法, 最初确定作为抗病毒遗传物质入侵的细菌免疫成分 (在引用1,2) 中进行了检查。CRISPR/Cas9 系统对其他基因编辑工具的主要优势, 如锌指核酸 (ZFNs) 和转录激活因子核酸 (TALENs) (参照3), 是质粒设计的相对简单性和CRISPR 组件的构建--这一功能推动了将基因编辑从少数专业实验室扩展到更广泛的研究社区。此外, CRISPR/Cas9 编程的简单性和其多路目标识别的能力进一步推动了它作为一种成本效益和易于使用的技术的普及。在研究人员向细胞提供这种基因编辑组件的各种方法中, 病毒载体仍然是目前最流行和最有效的系统。
慢病毒载体矢量 (lv) 已成为一种选择工具, 用于将CRISPR/Cas9系统的组件在体内用于不同的应用程序4, 5, 6, 7。一些关键功能使 lv 成为这个过程的一个流行的选择, 包括它们感染分裂和非分裂细胞的能力, 低免疫原性和极小的细胞毒性 (在参考8中被审查)。因此, LV 介导的基因治疗已被用于治疗传染性疾病, 如 HIV-1, HBV, 和 HSV-1, 以及纠正的缺陷, 如囊性纤维化和新血管性黄斑变性等人类遗传性疾病4,5,7,9,10,11. 此外, lv 已被有效地修改, 以进行多重基因编辑在不同的基因组位点使用单一的向量系统12。
然而, lv 融入宿主基因组的固有特性可能是诱变性的, 而且常常妨碍其作为转基因运载工具的效用, 特别是在临床环境中。此外, 由于稳定集成的 lv 表达他们的转基因在可持续的高水平, 这个系统是不适用于交付基因编辑组分例如 CRISPR/Cas9;过度表达的 Cas9-guide RNA (gRNA) 和类似的蛋白质, 如 ZFNs, 是与高级别的离靶效应, 其中包括不良突变13,14,15,16,17 , 并可能增强细胞毒性18。因此, 为了实现精确的基因编辑和最小的离靶效应, 有必要设计系统, 使基因编辑成分的瞬时表达。
近年来, 在单元格16、19、20、21 (在参考22中复查) 中, 已开发出各种交付平台以瞬时表达 CRISPR/Cas9。这些方法包括依赖直接将纯化的 Cas9 与适当的导 rna 一起引入细胞, 这在与质粒介导的转染16相比较中被证明更有效。研究表明, 由导 RNA/Cas9 颗粒组成的 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) 配合物在其靶上进行 DNA 解切后迅速转过来, 表明这些成分的短期表达足以达到健壮基因编辑16。可想而知, 非整合病毒载体平台, 如腺相关病毒载体 (自动增值服务) 可以提供一个可行的替代方案, 提供基因编辑机制的细胞。不幸的是, AAV 衣壳的封装能力明显低于 lv (< 5kb), 这严重阻碍了它们在单个向量中封装多组件 CRISPR 工具包的能力 (在参考8中进行了审查).值得注意的是, 添加抑制组蛋白乙酰的化合物 (例如, 丁酸钠23) 或阻碍细胞周期 (如, 咖啡因24) 已经显示增加慢病毒载体效价。尽管最近取得了一些进展, 但迄今为止发展起来的瞬态表达系统仍然受到一些缺陷的阻碍, 例如生产效率降低, 导致病毒滴度降低, 病毒的传导效率低。这些方法25。
整合酶缺乏慢病毒载体载体 (IDLVs) 是基因运载工具发展的一个重要进步, 因为它们结合了 lv 的包装能力和细胞中 AAV 样 episomal 维护的额外好处。这些功能帮助 IDLVs 在很大程度上规避了与整合向量有关的主要问题, 即持续过度表达潜在的毒性元素和整合介导的致突变性。以前已证明 IDLVs 可以成功修改以增强 episomal 基因表达式26,27。关于 IDLV 介导的 CRISPR/Cas9 交付, 低生产效价和较低表达的 episome 基因组相对于整合酶精通慢病毒载体系统限制其效用为善意工具, 以提供基因组编辑转基因结构。我们最近证明, 与 IDLV 生产相关的转基因表达和病毒效价都有明显的增强, 包括在病毒表达式卡带28内的转录因子 Sp1 的结合点。改良的 IDLVs 支持 CRISPR 介导的基因编辑体外(在 HEK-293T 细胞) 和体内(在有丝分裂后的脑神经元), 同时诱导最小的离靶突变相比, 相应的 ICLV 介导系统28。总的来说, 我们开发了一个新的, 紧凑的, 在一个 IDLV 平台上进行的 CRISPR 工具包, 并概述了使用这种运载工具, 以增强基因编辑的各种优势。
介绍了 IDLV-CRISPR/Cas9 系统的生产方案, 包括 IDLVs 的组装、纯化、浓缩、滴定等各个步骤, 以及验证这些载体的基因编辑功效的策略。该协议易于扩展, 以满足不同调查人员的需要, 旨在成功地生成 LV 矢量, 其范围为 1 x 1010传感单元 (TU)/mL。通过本协议生成的向量可以有效地感染几种不同的细胞类型, 包括难以传感器的胚胎干细胞、造血细胞 (T 细胞和巨噬细胞), 培养和在体内-注入的神经元。此外, 该议定书同样适用于类似数量的整合酶能力慢病毒载体载体的生产。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/56915/56915fig1.jpg"> 图 1: IDLV 包装.(a)野生型整合酶蛋白(b ) 的示意图该改性质粒来源于 psPAX2 (见方法, 质粒结构)。具有代表性的琼脂糖凝胶图像的克隆整合酶克隆筛选。采用标准质粒 dna 分离小试剂盒进行了 EcoRV 和 SphI 的消化, 分析了 dna 样品的制备。在INT中, D64E 替换的直接 (桑格) 排序方法进一步验证了正确消化的克隆 (数字5、虚线红色框)。整合酶包装盒被命名为 pBK43。(c)用于生成 IDLV-CRISPR/Cas9 向量的瞬变转染协议的示意图, 显示了用 VSV、包装和转基因磁带 (Sp1-CRISPR/Cas9 的多项质粒) 转移的293T 细胞。从细胞膜芽出的病毒微粒含有载体的全长 RNA (用转基因卡带表示)。第二代 IDLV 包装系统使用, 其中包括调节蛋白达和启示录转速表达式进一步补充从一个单独的卡带 (合胞病毒-转速-质粒)。Abbrev: LTR 长端重复、VSV、水泡口炎病毒 G 蛋白、pCMV 巨细胞病毒启动子;瓣肉瘤病毒促进剂;实用 (转速响应元素)。表达式盒中的其他调控元素包括 Sp1-binding 站点、转速响应元件 (实用)、土拨鼠肝炎病毒转录后水平调节元件 (WPRE)、核心伸长因子1α启动子 (EFS NC)、矢量封装元素ψ (psi), 人巨细胞病毒 (cmv) 启动子和人类 U6 启动子。<a href="//cloudflare.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/56915/56915fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optima XPN-80 Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>A99839</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allegra 25R tabletop centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>369434</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>xMark Microplate Absorbance plate reader</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1681150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD FACS</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td>338960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted fluorescence microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>DM IRB2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.45-&#956;m filter unit, 500mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430773</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical bottom ultracentrifugation tubes</td>
			<td>Seton Scientific</td>
			<td>5067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical tube adapters</td>
			<td>Seton Scientific</td>
			<td>PN 4230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SW32Ti swinging-bucket rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>369650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL conical centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mL conical centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430291</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-binding 96-well plates</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3366</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>150 mm TC-Treated Cell Culture dishes with 20 mm Grid</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>353025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100mm TC-Treated Culture Dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22 &#956;M filter unit, 1L</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit (50)</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>27104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture pipettes, 5 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>4487</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture pipettes, 10 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>4488</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture pipettes, 25 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>4489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemacytometer with cover slips</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>UX-79001-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-3216</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>293FT cells</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R70007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, high glucose media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cosmic Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30087.04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic-antimycotic solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5955-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8636-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non-Essential Amino Acid (NEAA)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30087.04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 media</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11875-085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.05%</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25300054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BES (N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-amino-ethanesulfonic acid)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>B9879 - BES</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G1800-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>p24 ELISA reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal anti-p24 antibody</td>
			<td>NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program</td>
			<td>3537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HIV-1 standards</td>
			<td>NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program</td>
			<td>SP968F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyclonal rabbit anti-p24 antibody</td>
			<td>NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program</td>
			<td>SP451T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase IgG</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>12-348</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal mouse serum, Sterile, 500mL</td>
			<td>Equitech-Bio</td>
			<td>SM30-0500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat serum, Sterile, 10mL</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G9023</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMB peroxidase substrate</td>
			<td>KPL</td>
			<td>5120-0076</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:10,000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmids</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>psPAX2</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>12260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMD2.G</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>12259</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pRSV-Rev</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>12253</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lentiCRISPR v2</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>52961</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Restriction enzymes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BsrGI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0575S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BsmBI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0580S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EcoRV</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0195S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KpnI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0142S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PacI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0547S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SphI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0182S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a protocol for the production of integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors for crispr/cas9-mediated gene knockout in dividing cells

慢病毒载体载体是一种理想的选择, 提供基因编辑组件的细胞, 由于其能力稳定传感广泛的细胞和调解高水平的基因表达。然而, 它们融入宿主细胞基因组的能力增强了插入致突变的风险, 从而提高了安全性, 并限制了它们在临床环境中的使用。此外, 这些整合能力的慢病毒载体载体 (ICLVs) 提供的基因编辑组件的持续表达增加了混杂基因靶向的可能性。作为一种替代方法, 开发了新一代整合酶缺陷慢病毒载体矢量 (IDLVs), 解决了其中的许多问题。这里提出了一个新的和改进的 IDLV 平台 CRISPR 介导的基因编辑的生产协议, 并列出了这些载体的纯化和浓度所涉及的步骤, 并利用 HEK-293T 的转导和基因编辑效率细胞被证明。此协议易于伸缩, 可用于生成具有传感单元格体外和体内的高效度 IDLVs。此外, 该协议可以很容易地适应生产 ICLVs。

IDLV-CRISPR/Cas9 矢量击倒效率的验证 我们用 GFP 表达的293T 细胞作为模型, 以验证 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 基因敲除的效率。gfp + 细胞是通过转导 HEK-293T 细胞与 pLenti GFP (vBK201a) 在0.5 的语言 (图 3b, "无病毒" 面板)。sgRNA-to-GFP/Cas9 一体矢量盒包装成 IDLV 或 ICLV 颗粒, 生产效率由 p24 ELISA 评估 (见上文;图 3a)。含有 Sp1-binding ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells at JoVE.com

A Protocol for the Production of Integrase-deficient Lentiviral Vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockout in Dividing Cells

整合酶缺陷慢病毒载体载体的制备及其在细胞 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 基因敲除中的表达

我们描述了整合酶缺乏慢病毒载体载体 (IDLVs) 作为向细胞传递 CRISPR/Cas9 的工具的生产策略。由于能够在细胞中调节快速和健壮的基因编辑, IDLVs 为基因的传递提供了一个更安全、同样有效的载体平台, 与整合酶能力的载体相比。

Lentiviral vectors are an ideal choice for delivering gene-editing components to cells due to their capacity for stably transducing a broad range of cells ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to describe the production and potential applications of optimized integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors capable of delivering CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes to cells in vivo and in vitro for rapid and efficient gene editing. CRISPR/Cas was a highly-efficient lab for gene editing manipulation. Here is a protocol outline in the production of a highly-concentrated optimized integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors for efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas gene editing tools.The technique has proven to be very efficient in the causal cell and post-mitotic neurons. Seed the HEK-293T cells a day before the transfection so that the confluency reaches between 70 to 80%the next day. Before transfection, aspirate the old media from the culture plates and add freshly-prepared media lacking serum.In a 15-milliliter conical tube, add all the four plasmids to prepare a plasmid mix for transfecting a 15-centimeter dish. Then, add 312.5 microliters of one molar calcium chloride to the plasmid mix and adjust the volume to 1.25 milliliters with sterile double-distilled water. Keep adding drops of 2X BES buffered solution gradually while vortexing.And then, incubate the mixture at room temperature for 30 minutes. Add 2.5 milliliters of plasmid mixture in drops to each of the 15-centimeter plates. Then, gently swirl the plates and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius with 5%carbon dioxide for two to three hours.After three hours, add 2.5 milliliters of 10%serum to each plate and continue for overnight incubation. Use a 10-milliliter tissue culture pipette to carefully aspirate the supernatant from the transfected cells seeded on each culture dish. Then, pool the entire supernatant in 50-milliliter centrifuge tubes.Place the tube inside a tabletop centrifuge and start the centrifugation. Then, filter the supernatant through a 0.45-micrometer vacuum filter unit. Load the conical ultracentrifugation tubes with different sucrose concentrations to form layers with sucrose gradient.Carefully add the virus containing supernatant to the sucrose gradient. To process the entire 100-milliliter volume of viral supernatant, use six ultracentrifugation tubes in each spin. Then, balance the ultracentrifuge tubes with 1X PBS buffer and spin the samples at 70, 000 G for two hours at 17 degrees Celsius.In clean tubes, collect the 30%and 60%sucrose fractions and add cold 1X PBS buffer to adjust the volume to 100 milliliters. Mix the samples by pipetting it up and down several times. Then, add 20 to 25 milliliters of the viral solution on top of four milliliters of 20%sucrose in 1X PBS solution to prepare the sucrose cushion.Adjust the volume with sterile 1X PBS buffer if the tubes are less than 3/4 full and balance it. Then, spin the samples for two hours at 17 degrees Celsius. Then, pour the supernatant off and drain the remaining liquid by inverting the tubes on paper towels.After aspirating the last remaining droplets, a pellet containing the virus is barely visible as a translucent spot. Next, resuspend the pellet in 70 microliters of 1X PBS by thoroughly pipetting the suspension. Again, transfer the suspension to another tube and thoroughly mix to completely dissolve the pellet.Then, rinse the tube with an additional 50 microliters of cold 1X PBS buffer and mix. Keep the samples on a tabletop microcentrifuge and centrifuge at 10, 000 G for 30 seconds. After centrifugation, add 10 microliter aliquots of the supernatant to each fresh microfuge tube and store them at negative 80 degrees Celsius.Coat a high-binding 96-well plate with 100 microliters of monoclonal anti-p24 antibody at a dilution of one to 1, 500 according to NIH AIDS vaccine program for HIV-1 p24 antigen capture assay kit. Incubate the plate overnight at four degrees Celsius. The next day, wash the plate with 200 microliters of 0.05%TWEEN-20 in cold PBS three times.To avoid non-specific binding, block the plate with 200 microliters of 1%bovine serum albumin for one hour at room temperature. Then, wash the plate with 200 microliters of 0.05%TWEEN-20 in cold PBS three times. Then, prepare the concentrated and non-concentrated vector samples to a final concentration of 10%by diluting the vector with double-distilled water and Triton X-100.Next, prepare the HIV-1 standards using two-fold serial dilution starting at five nanograms per milliliter. After diluting the concentrated and non-concentrated vector samples, pipette it on the plate in triplicates and incubate at four degrees Celsius overnight. The next day, wash the plate, then add 100 microliters of polyclonal rabbit anti-p24 antibody on each plate and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius for four hours.After six washes, incubate the plate with goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase at 37 degrees Celsius for one hour. After multiple washing, incubate the plate with TMB peroxidase substrate at room temperature for 15 minutes. Add one normal hydrochloric acid to stop the reaction.And read the absorbance at 450 nanometers with an absorbance plate reader. Seed the cells in a six-well plate. Next day, when the cells reach 90%confluency, transduce with purified virus at a predetermined multiplicity of infection ranging from one to 10.Then, incubate the plate at 37 degrees Celsius with 5%carbon dioxide. Monitor the plates to record difference in the GFP signals at regular intervals for one to seven days. Look for GFP positive cells under fluorescent microscope fitted with GFP filter set with excitation and emission wavelengths at 470 and 525 nanometers respectively.To differentiate between the population of GFP positive and negative cells, use untransduced cells. A representative agarose gel showing the positive mutated integrase clone. The double-digested clone with restriction enzymes EcoRV and SPH1 in red-dashed box represents the mutated integrase clone.The clone was further sequenced to check the mutation of aspartic acid at position 64 to glutamic acid. A representative bar graph for p24 ELISA assay has been shown depicting the viral titers for SP1-integrase-deficient lentiviral vector CRISPR/Cas9 plotted in the black bar and SP1-integration-competent lentiviral vectors CRISPR/Cas9 plotted in the white bar. The bar graph shows integrase-deficient and competent viral titers in the range of one times 10 to the 10.The bar plots represent the copy number of viral particles per milliliter. Representative fluorescent images showing the mean fluorescent intensity of GFP positive cells under viral treatment. The cells were transduced with integration-competent lentiviral vectors CRISPR or integrase-deficient lentiviral vector CRISPR viral components.A sharp reduction in GFP signal was observed at multiplicity of infection one and five respectively after transducing the integrase-competent or deficient lentiviral components with respect to the untransduced control cells. The main advantage of this technique stem from the ability of integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors to a deliver genome editing tool transiently which significantly enhance its specificity and the safety. If properly conducted, the protocols should take one week to complete.Conducting this protocol, one should expect to generate highly-concentrated lentiviral vectors in the range of 10 to the nine, 10 to the 10 viral genome parameter.

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Using a Fluorescent PCR-capillary Gel Electrophoresis Technique to Genotype CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout Mutants in a High-throughput Format

用荧光PCR毛细管电泳技术在基因型CRISPR / Cas9介导的敲除突变体的高通量形式

The development of programmable genome-editing tools has facilitated the use of reverse genetics to understand the roles specific genomic sequences play ...

科研

遗传学

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

选择依赖和独立生成CRISPR / Cas9介导的哺乳动物细胞基因敲除

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering system has revolutionized biology by allowing for precise genome editing with little effort. Guided by a single guide ...

A Universal Protocol for Large-scale gRNA Library Production from any DNA Source

一种从任意 DNA 源进行大规模 gRNA 库生产的通用协议

The popularity of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for both genome and epigenome engineering stems from its simplicity and adaptability. An effector (the Cas9 ...

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Targeted Integration In Vivo Using a Homology-mediated End Joining-based Strategy

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated 目标集成在体内使用基于同源介导的端接连接策略

As a promising genome editing platform, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has great potential for efficient genetic manipulation, especially for targeted integration ...

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

斑马斑马模型系统中 CRISPR/Cas9-generated 基因挖空的高效生产与鉴定

Characterization of the clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system of Streptococcus pyogenes has enabled the development ...

Production and Purification of Baculovirus for Gene Therapy Application

杆状病毒基因治疗应用的生产与纯化

Baculovirus has traditionally been used for the production of recombinant protein and vaccine. However, more recently, baculovirus is emerging as a ...

Highly Efficient Gene Disruption of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9 对小鼠和人造血祖细胞的高效基因破坏

Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. ...

Lentiviral Mediated Production of Transgenic Mice: A Simple and Highly Efficient Method for Direct Study of Founders

慢病毒载体介导的转基因小鼠生产: 一种简单高效的创始人直接研究方法

For almost 40 years, pronuclear DNA injection represents the standard method to generate transgenic mice with random integration of transgenes. Such a ...

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture (4C-seq)

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture 4C-seq

利用下一代序列染色体构象捕获 (4 c 序列) 的高通量识别基因调控数列

The identification of regulatory elements for a given target gene poses a significant technical challenge owing to the variability in the positioning and ...

In vivo Application of the REMOTE-control System for the Manipulation of Endogenous Gene Expression

remtoe 控制系统在内源基因表达调控中的应用

Here we describe a protocol for implementing the REMOTE-control system (Reversible Manipulation of Transcription at Endogenous loci), which allows for ...