Name: simple and rapid method to obtain high-quality tumor dna from clinical-pathological specimens using touch imprint cytology
Uploaded: 2018-03-21T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology at JoVE.com

我们感谢医院和病人的所有医务和辅助人员同意参加。我们感谢加布里埃尔白狼, 博士, 从 Edanz 集团 (www.edanzediting.com/ac) 编辑本报告草稿。这项研究得到了来自山梨州 (Y.H. 和作案手法) 的基因组研究项目的资助, 以及 YASUDA 医学基金会 (Y.H.) 的赠款。

1. 利用普通玻片进行快速显微评估的 TIC 准备
<ol><li>在临床病理组织材料可用后, 尽快完成 TIC 的准备工作。如果 TIC 标本不能立即准备好, 保持用盐水湿不育纱布覆盖的组织材料, 并贮存在冰箱中, 以防止组织的干燥。</li>
	<li>准备5毫米3组织材料, 如实体肿瘤 (如, 肝, 肺和乳腺组织), 临床上通过手术或内窥镜获得。<ol>
<li>如果组织表面有大量血液, 用无菌纱布涂上生理盐水并清除血?...

<ol>
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在本研究中, 我们提出了一种从临床病理标本中获取肿瘤 DNA 的替代方法。TIC 准备是非常简单的, 需要较少的时间与 FFPE 方法相比, 没有特殊仪器的要求10。从 TIC 准备到 DNA 提取的所有程序都可以在两天内完成 (图 1)。因此, 这种方法缩短了进行基因检测的周转时间。值得注意的是, 这为缩短分子分析所需的天数提供了重要的优势。这一短暂的周转时间使我们?...

下一代测序技术为研究人员在基因变异、孟德尔病、遗传性倾向和癌症方面的基因组信息分析提供了重要的进展1,2,3.癌症基因图谱 (TCGA) 和国际癌症基因组联合会 (ICGC) 一直在寻找几种常见癌症的基因改变的鉴定4。数以百计的基本癌症驱动基因已被成功地确定, 其中一些分子被瞄准药物开发1,5,6。
在临床环境中, FFPE 标本通常用于各种疾病, 包括癌症的病理诊断和分子检测。然而, 在福尔马林固定过程中, dna 蛋白或 dna dna 交联发生, 导致 dna 分裂。因此, FFPE dna 样本并不总是适合遗传分析, 因为质量和数量的 dna7,8,9。此外, 准备 FFPE 标本需要数天的时间, 技术技能是准确准备剖面的必要条件。因此, 建立一种简便、快速的获取高质量完整 DNA 的方法是可取的。
细胞学是病理诊断的一种替代方法。与 FFPE 准备10相比, 细胞学样品制备方法更简单、成本更低、更快速。采用 TIC 技术对乳腺癌患者的前哨淋巴结和边缘组织进行了一些年的术中快速诊断, 其方法为11,12。然而, 很少有报告研究了高质量的基因组 DNA 是否可以从 TIC 标本中提取, 并用于后续的遗传分析。细胞学标本通常染色阴道 (Pap) 或姬姆萨染色, 我们以前报告说, 从 TIC 标本 (特别是姬姆萨染色样品) 提取的 DNA 的数量和质量优于从 FFPE 获得的样本组织13。与 Pap 染色相比, 姬姆萨染色在要求较少染色的过程中具有优势。在 Pap 染色, 样品被固定和染色后, 必须安装在安装培养基 (例如, Malinol), 以区分样本内容, 如肿瘤细胞, 正常细胞和炎症细胞在显微镜下。如果在没有安装步骤的情况下制备 Pap 标本, 在显微镜下观察细胞几乎是不可能的, 因为试样是干的。相比之下, 姬姆萨染色可以观察到干燥状态, 因此, 安装步骤是不必要的快速细胞评估。对于显微切割, 姬姆萨染色更适合, 因为它需要干燥标本。
在本报告中, 我们介绍了一个简单快速的方法来制备 tic 标本与姬姆萨染色, 并表明 TIC 是一个更好的来源的 DNA 比较 FFPE 标本。

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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">FINE FROST white20 micro slide glass</td>
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			<td>LCM0522</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Cyto Quick A solution</td>
			<td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td>
			<td>20571</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Cyto Quick B solution</td>
			<td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td>
			<td>20581</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">May-Grunwald Solution</td>
			<td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td>
			<td>15053</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Giemsa solution</td>
			<td>Muto Pure Chemicals</td>
			<td>15002</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">QIAamp DNA FFPE tissue kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>56404</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix</td>
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			<td>4444557</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">TaqMan RNase P Detection Reagents Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4316831</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">TaqMan Assay from FFPE DNA QC Assay v2</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4324034</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">MicroAmp Fast Optical 96-Well Reaction Plate&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4346907</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">MicroAmp optical Adhesive Film</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">MicroMixer E36</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">TITEC</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">0027765-000</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">ViiA 7 Real-Time PCR System</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">VIIA7-03</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Himac CF16RXII</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Hitachi-koki</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">CF16RII</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ion Library TaqMan Quantitation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4468802</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4475346</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ion AmpliSeq Library Kit 2.0</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4480442</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ion Xpress Barcode Adapters 1-16 Kit</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4471250</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ion PGM Hi-Q View Sequencing Kit (200 base)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A30044</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ion Chef System</td>
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			<td>4484177</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Veriti 96-well Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Veriti200</td>
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			<td>PGM11-001</td>
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			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A25591</td>
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			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A63881</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">16-position Magnetic Stand</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4457858</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL (Low binding tube)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AM12450</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Nuclease-free water</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AM9938</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">MicroAmp&#8482; Optical 96-well Reaction Plates</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4306737</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">MicroAmp&#8482; Clear Adhesive Film</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">4306311</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Agencourt&#8482; AMPure&#8482; XP Kit</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A63881</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Ethanol(99.5)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">08948-25</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Sodium hydroxide (10M)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">72068</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">DTU-Neo</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">TAITEC</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">0063286-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">E-36&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">TAITEC</td>
			<td>0027765-000</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">ECLIPSE Ci-L</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">704354</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-2XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER TOLEDO</td>
			<td>17014393</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-10XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER TOLEDO</td>
			<td>17014388</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-20XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER TOLEDO</td>
			<td>17014392</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-100XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER TOLEDO</td>
			<td>17014384</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-200XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER TOLEDO</td>
			<td>17014391</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">Pipet-Lite LTS Pipette L-1000XLS+</td>
			<td>METTLER TOLEDO</td>
			<td>17014382</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">petit-change</td>
			<td>WAKEN</td>
			<td>MODEL8864</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Mini centrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;">petit-incubator</td>
			<td>WAKEN</td>
			<td>WKN-2290</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Air incubator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">SensiCare Powder-free Nitrile Exam Gloves</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">MEDLINE</td>
			<td>SEM486802</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Sterile gauze</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Osaki</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">11138</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Refrigerator MediCool</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">SANYO</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">MPR-312DCN-PJ</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">FEATHER TRIMMING BLAD</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FEATHER</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">No.130</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">FEATHER TRIMMING BLAD</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FEATHER</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">No.260</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">FEATHER&#160; S</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FEATHER</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FA-10</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Vortex Genius 3</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">IKA</td>
			<td>41-0458&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Vortex mixer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">Pincette</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">NATSUME</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A-5</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:283px;">1.5 mL microtube</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">BIOBIK</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">RC-0150</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

simple and rapid method to obtain high-quality tumor dna from clinical-pathological specimens using touch imprint cytology

在癌症患者的特定分子靶向药物的治疗前, 确定肿瘤的突变状态是至关重要的。在临床环境中, 福尔马林固定石蜡 (FFPE) 组织广泛用于基因检测。然而, FFPE DNA 在福尔马林固定过程中通常会受到损伤和分裂。因此, 由于 dna 质量和数量的降低, FFPE dna 有时不足以进行基因检测。在这里, 我们提出了触摸印记细胞学 (TIC) 的方法, 以获得肿瘤细胞的基因组 DNA, 可以在显微镜下观察到。细胞形态学和癌细胞数量可以用 TIC 标本来评估。此外, 从 TIC 样品中提取基因组 DNA 可以在两天内完成。利用该方法获得的 TIC dna 的总量和质量均高于 FFPE dna。这种快速简便的方法使研究人员能够获得高质量的基因检测 DNA (例如、下一代测序分析、数字 pcr 和定量实时 pcr), 并缩短报告结果的周转时间。

图 1显示了从准备 TIC 标本到 DNA 提取的整个过程。值得注意的是, 该手术仅需两天时间才能从 TIC 样品中获得基因组 DNA。我们评估了在滑动处理前肿瘤贮存的任何影响。我们发现, 当组织标本立即触及到幻灯片上时, 肿瘤细胞附着在玻璃滑梯上, 当组织被保存在生理盐水湿润的无菌纱布中时, 1 小时 (图 2)。然而, 当组织保持在室温...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology at JoVE.com

Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology

从肿瘤组织获得高质量的基因组 DNA 是利用下一代测序分析基因改变的重要第一步。本文提出一种简便、快速的方法来丰富肿瘤细胞, 从接触印记细胞学标本中获得完整的 DNA。

用触印细胞学方法快速获得临床病理标本中高质量肿瘤 DNA

It is critical to determine the mutational status in cancer before administration and treatment of specific molecular targeted drugs for cancer patients. ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to obtain high-quality tumor DNA from clinical samples. This method can help answer key questions in basic and clinical science such as cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment decisions. The main advantage of this technique is that we can obtain tumor DNA more simply and quickly than with previous methods.To begin the protocol, touch the tumor surface of a previously prepared and resected tissue onto a normal glass slide several times with gloved hands. Visually confirm that the touched area is covering more than 80%of the glass slide. Lightly press the normal glass slide against a Polyethylene Naphthalate or PEN membrane slide and rub it gently two to three times with gloved hands.Visually confirm that the cells are transferred from the normal glass slide to the PEN membrane slide. Air dry both the glass and PEN membrane slides for five minutes at room temperature. After drying, stain the normal glass slide for direct cytological examination.Dip the glass slides into fixative solution for five seconds and then stain with Giemsa staining solution for 15 seconds. Assess and screen the tumor contents and cellularity on the normal glass slide entirely with a microscope for quick assessment. Evaluate tumor cells based on several criteria.If the sample shows tumor cellularity over 60%by quick microscopic assessment from the previous section, cut the tumor-touched film of the PEN membrane slides for DNA extraction with a knife and gloved hands. Transfer the cut film to a sterile microcentrifuge tube with a pin set and gloved hands. Store the film-containing microcentrifuge tube at four degrees Celsius until DNA extraction.Open the software and plan the run condition and set the run parameter within the software. Click the plan tab and select template, then select the appropriate run method. Select the application and technique type and click next.Select the instrument, sample preparation kit, library kit type, template kit, sequencing kit, base calibration mode, chip type, control sequence, and barcode set and click next. Select plugins and click next. Select project and click next.Then select default reference and BED files of the targeted region. Type the sample name, select the barcode, and click plan run. Next, perform template preparation and chip loading in an automated instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions.Thaw the reagent cartridge at room temperature for 45 minutes before use. Dilute the undiluted library with nuclease-free water according to the library concentration calculated in step 6.8 and make 20 picomolar libraries. Prepare a pooled library for sequencing and store it on ice.Add 25 microliters of the pooled library with a 100 microliter pipette to the bottom of the sample tube. Turn on the power and open the cover of the automated instrument. Place the sequencing chip, chip adapter, enrichment cartridge, tip cartridge, PCR plate, PCR frame seal, recovery tube, solution cartridge, and reagent cartridge to the appropriate position of the automated instrument.Touch set up run and step by step on the screen. Close the cover and touch start check on the screen. After the deck scan process, touch next.Check the display contents, kit type, chip ID, sample ID, chip type, plans. Set the time and touch OK.After finishing the chip loading, touch next and open the cover. Unload the sequencing chip from the chip adapter with gloved hands.Place the chip into the chip container, wrap it with parafilm, and store the chip at four degrees Celsius until the sequencing reaction. Then remove the enrichment cartridge, PCR plate, PCR frame seal, recovery tube, solution cartridge, and reagent cartridge from the appropriate position of the automated instrument with gloved hands. Transfer an empty tip cartridge to the waste tip position of the automated instrument with gloved hands.Touch next and close the cover. Then touch start and clean the automated instrument with ultraviolet rays for four minutes. Dissolve a sodium chlorite tablet in 1, 000 milliliters of ultra-pure water and filter the solution with a 0.22 micron filter.Once the sequencing instrument has warmed up, touch clean and next on the screen of the sequencing instrument. Clean the sequencing instrument with 250 milliliters of filter-sterilized sodium chlorite solution, then 250 milliliters of ultra-pure water. Then touch initialize and select the appropriate sequencing kit on the screen.Install a gray shipper with gloved hands. Initialize the sequencing instrument with the wash solution, the pH adjustment solution, and the pH standard solution. Next, add 20 microliters of DATP, DGTP, DCTP, and DTTP nucleotides in 50 milliliter tubes with a 100 microliter pipette.Install a gray shipper at the appropriate location with gloved hands. Load the 50 milliliter tube and screw it onto the sequencing instrument. Select next on the screen to start the initialization step.After completing the initialization step, touch run on the screen and select the appropriate library preparation instrument. Scan the two-dimensional barcode of the chip. Insert the sequencing chip in the appropriate position.Close the chip clamp and instrument door and touch chip check, next, and OK on the screen to start the sequencing run. After the sequencing reaction, transfer the data and perform data analyzing pipeline on the sequencing server. The absolute DNA quantities and the RQ value, an indicator of the degradation level of genomic DNA, show that a higher DNA yield is achieved using the TIC specimens compared with the FFPE specimens.In addition, the RQ values from the TIC DNA were significantly higher compared with that of the FFPE DNA across different tumor types. APC Q1367*was identified in both FFPE and TIC DNA extracted from site one and APC S1356*KRAS G12D, and TP53 M237i were detected in both FFPE and TIC DNA extracted from site two, three, and four suggesting that the identical somatic mutations were identified in paired FFPE and TIC DNA samples prepared from the same tumor site. Notably, the same somatic mutations were detected between primary colorectal cancer and two metastatic liver cancer samples suggesting that the tumor clones from site two metastasized to liver.After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of molecular and medical research to identify genetic cancers.

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

肿瘤微环境的模仿：产生富集的细胞群及侦查间通讯的简单方法

Understanding the early heterotypic interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding non-cancerous stroma is important in elucidating the events ...

科研

癌症研究

Characterization of Tumor Cells Using a Medical Wire for Capturing Circulating Tumor Cells: A 3D Approach Based on Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH

用医用金属丝捕获循环肿瘤细胞的肿瘤细胞: 基于免疫荧光和 DNA 的3D 方法

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with poor survival in metastatic cancer. Their identification, phenotyping, and genotyping could lead to a ...

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

22C3 Anti-PD-L1 抗体精矿在非小细胞肺癌活检及细胞学标本中的应用

Pembrolizumab monotherapy has been approved for the first- and second-line treatment of patients with PD-L1-expressing advanced non-small cell lung cancer ...

Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Genetic Variation in a Sporadic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patient Using the Chip-in-a-tube Format

数字聚合酶链反应法测定零星家族性腺瘤性息肉病患者的基因变异

The quantitative analysis of human genetic variation is crucial for understanding the molecular characteristics of serious medical conditions, such as ...

Detection and Monitoring of Tumor Associated Circulating DNA in Patient Biofluids

患者生物流体中肿瘤相关循环DNA的检测与监测

Complications associated with upfront and repeat surgical tissue sampling present the need for minimally invasive platforms capable of molecular ...

Rapid Optical Clearing for Semi-High-Throughput Analysis of Tumor Spheroids

用于肿瘤球体半高通量分析的快速光学清除

Tumor spheroids are fast becoming commonplace in basic cancer research and drug development. Obtaining data regarding protein expression within the ...

Culture and Imaging of Ex Vivo Organotypic Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Tumor Slices from Resected Human Tumor Specimens

Culture and Imaging of Ex Vivo Organotypic Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Tumor Slices from Resected Human Tumor Specimens

来自切除人肿瘤标本的 离体 器官型腹膜假粘液瘤肿瘤切片的培养和成像

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition that results from the dissemination of a mucinous primary tumor and the resultant accumulation of ...

使用非放射性化学发光检测定量端粒长度

Optimization of Performance Parameters of the TAGGG Telomere Length Assay

作者聚焦：TAGGG 端粒长度测定性能参数的优化  

TAGGG端粒长度测定性能参数优化

Telomeres are repetitive sequences which are present at chromosomal ends; their shortening is a characteristic feature of human somatic cells. Shortening ...