Name: assessment of social transmission of food preferences behaviors
Uploaded: 2018-01-25T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors at JoVE.com

FWO 博士后研究资助 AVdJ。作者希望感谢 Aerschot 和 Ilse 布鲁门的技术支持。

比利时鲁汶大学动物实验委员会已对所有议定书进行了审查和批准, 并按照欧洲共同体理事会指令 (86/609/EEC) 进行了研究。
1. 设备、仪器和房间设置:
<ol><li>准备一个克劳利的三室箱23 , 其中包括三室 (19 x 45 厘米, 高度30厘米) 与透明的隔墙, 允许自由进入每个会议厅。</li>
	<li>利用透明塑料制成的两个食品杯 (直径3.8 厘米, 高度为3.2 厘米), 并把它们放在合适的...

<ol>
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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutant+Tau+knock-in+mice+display+frontotemporal+dementia+relevant+behaviour+and+histopathology.">Mutant Tau knock-in mice display frontotemporal dementia relevant behaviour and histopathology.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 91, 105-123 (2016).</li><li>Vale-Mart&#237;nez, A., Baxter, M. G., Eichenbaum, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+lesions+of+basal+forebrain+cholinergic+neurons+produce+anterograde+and+retrograde+deficits+in+a+social+transmission+of+food+preference+task+in+rats.">Selective lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons produce anterograde and retrograde deficits in a social transmission of food preference task in rats.</a> Eur J Neurosci. 16 (6), 983-998 (2002).</li><li>Ross, R. S., McGaughy, J., Eichenbaum, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acetylcholine+in+the+orbitofrontal+cortex+is+necessary+for+the+acquisition+of+a+socially+transmittedfood+preference.">Acetylcholine in the orbitofrontal cortex is necessary for the acquisition of a socially transmittedfood preference.</a> Learn Memory. 12 (3), 302-306 (2005).</li><li>Mu, Y., Crawley, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+Behavioral+Assessment+of+Mouse+Olfaction.">Simple Behavioral Assessment of Mouse Olfaction.</a> Curr Protoc Neurosci. 8, 24-34 (2009).</li><li>Hardy, J. A., Higgins, G. 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动物行为的剧目可以广泛地追溯到四基本的原因, 定位食物和水, 避免捕食者, 社会互动, 并繁殖。一个社会团体的一个个体所产生的行为模式的实施, 由另一个人直接促进收养和展览被创造社会传输24。这种行为会对物种的生态产生深远的影响, 因为 (一些) 个体所引发的行为可能会迅速扩展到社会网络中的其他人, 如嗅觉信息25。这种类型的信息从一个动物传递到...

嗅觉识别缺陷被建议作为临床标志, 以区分阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 受试者的正常衰老组1,2,3,4。一系列神经精神疾病的特点是在嗅觉识别和记忆的干扰, 包括 AD 和帕金森的5,6。已经建立了一些行为测试和协议来评估动物模型中的嗅觉识别和辨别7。因此, 使用适当和经过验证的动物模型和嗅觉记忆试验的转化研究可以促进神经退行性疾病的更好的诊断和治疗。因此, 最初在80代初的8中发明的食品偏好 (STFP) 测试的社会传播是适应的。在这项任务中, 动物被评估他们的先天能力, 以了解食品安全从他们的 conspecifics。基础选择-拒绝决定, 过程涉及评估的感官特征的食物和动物必须能够审查和忘恩负义不同的特点 (i. e, 味道和气味)。
STFP 测试由一个相当简单的现象组成: 在天真的 "观察者" 啮齿类动物与先前消耗食物的 "示威者" 的相互作用之后, 观察者通常表现出对此食物更大的偏爱8,9,10. 分析导致这种偏好的必要条件, 表明直接的主题--演示者暴露 (吃或撒食物) 足以提高观察者的喜好。然而, 纯粹嗅到或吃食物不足以诱发这种类型的偏好11,12。
STFP 协议包括五天内的四步骤。第一步是增加动物的动力, 使它们吃一种新奇的食物。为了做到这一点, 所有啮齿类动物都被放在一个23小时的食物匮乏的时间表上, 连续两天每天接受1小时的日常饮食。在第二步, 启动阶段, 每一个演示是提供 1 h 与食物含有一种新奇的味道 (与可可或肉桂混合在原来的实验)。在第三步, 社会互动阶段, 每个示威者被放置在一个主题观察员啮齿动物30分钟的笼子。在第四步, 24 h 在社会互作用以后, 每个主题被提供两种口味的饮食的选择。观察者摄入的食物和偏好百分比的两个饮食的主题被评估。
海马-subiculum 的选择性神经毒性损害表现为损害此任务的性能13。此外, 还报告了影响小鼠海马功能的突变, 以防止食物偏好设置14,15,16,17。重要的是, STFP 的表现并不完全依赖于正常的海马功能。据报道, 在一些药理学, 遗传操作, 和病变研究, 其他大脑结构的海马体可能发挥作用, 调解不同方面的社会诱导的饮食选择学习和记忆。例如, 建议对角带或核金鸡 magnocellularis/黑 innominata 的内侧隔膜/垂直肢的胆碱能神经元在获取和检索嗅觉的非空间社会记忆方面具有不同的作用。提示18。此外, 前额皮层已经牵连到气味引导学习, 和整个大脑皮层的胆碱能损耗导致 STFP 赤字, 表明这些脑区是必不可少的这种类型的联想学习19。
可能的混杂因素尽可能避免, 如传播的气味或拖动的食物外的杯子。在实际 STFP 任务之前增加了对仪器和补充测试的一个另外的适应步, 评估, 如果啮齿目动物能实际上嗅到并且愿意吃新颖的食物, 被埋没的曲奇饼测试20。此外, 通过包括自动视频跟踪, 也可以测量在社会互动过程中探索两个演示的时间以及在测试阶段的食物。每个主题的路径的探索是使用一个摄像头连接到一个视频跟踪-软件装备的计算机。因此, 可以计算不同方面的勘探表现, 如每个区域的时间和区域访问次数。这在测试阶段提供了关于动物活动的更详细的信息, 除了在原始的 STFP 协议中消耗的食物的数量。
在以前的实验与 AD 鼠标模型, THY-Tau22 模型, 它发现, 这 STFP 记忆从9-10 月的年龄可以回升, 这些共同发生的缺陷海马突触可塑性和 tau 病理在海马16。由于 tau 病发生在疾病进展后期, 根据淀粉样级联假说后, 淀粉斑块的处置21, 它假设, STFP 赤字可以检测在早期年龄的淀粉样蛋白转基因小鼠。因此, STFP 试验应用于3月大的 APP/PS1 小鼠22, 这是最常用的 AD 模型。这种类型的社会诱导的食物选择确实被发现在 APP/PS1 小鼠受损。重要的是, 这些小鼠, 至少在这个年龄, 没有一般的嗅觉, 运动, 或社会探索的障碍。结论: 嗅觉识别功能障碍是人类和小鼠的一种重要的早期筛查方法。这种可靠, 廉价和容易的早期广告筛选可能是有益的治疗研究。如果我们能更有效地筛选早期广告, 我们就可以在早期的疾病过程中进行干预。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3-chamber apparatus</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>19 x 45 cm, height 30 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>wire cages to hold mouse</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>diameter of 12 cm, height 10 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ramp to hold food cup</td>
			<td>custom made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10 x 10 cm, height 7 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>food cups</td>
			<td>sunlessbody via ebay</td>
			<td>http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/Plastic-Sample-Jars-Pots-Cups-Containers-with-Hinged-Lid-x-200-Small-25ml-/251708415240</td>
			<td>diameter of 3.8 cm, height 3.2 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lux meter</td>
			<td>Volcraft</td>
			<td>BL-10 L 0 - 40000 lx</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paprika herb</td>
			<td>Delhaize</td>
			<td>ID:716703</td>
			<td>Gemalen paprika,| 40 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>celery herb</td>
			<td>Delhaize</td>
			<td>ID:716301</td>
			<td>Selderzout, 57 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vide-tracking software</td>
			<td>Ethovision (Noldus)</td>
			<td>http://www.noldus.com/animal-behavior-research/products/ethovision-xt</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td>ANYmaze (Stoelting)</td>
			<td>https://www.stoeltingco.com/any-maze-video-tracking-software-1218.html</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of social transmission of food preferences behaviors

嗅觉识别缺陷被认为能够作为临床标志, 以区分阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 受试者与健康的衰老群体。例如, AD 中的嗅觉功能障碍可以作为嗅觉识别的障碍, 在疾病的早期阶段出现, 而在疾病进展过程中恶化。食物偏好的社会传播 (STFP) 任务是建立在啮齿类动物之间的一种基本形式的沟通, 有关遥远的食物依赖于嗅觉线索的传递。健康的野生型小鼠更喜欢吃一种新颖的、风味的食物, 以前被同种, 这种食物偏好在转基因的小鼠中会受到阻碍, 比如 APP/PS1 模型。事实上, 在3月龄的 C57Bl6/J 小鼠中, 有一种强烈偏爱的食物被发现, 这在3月的转基因 APP/PS1 小鼠中被减少。总之, STFP 的任务可能是一个强有力的措施, 以集成在目前的亚临床检测的 AD。

社会探索阶段的一个示例显示在图 1A-b中。这一阶段允许估计的社会探索的主题鼠标与示范鼠标, 刚刚消耗了风味食品。在最初的协议中, 允许老鼠自由地互相探索。在本文所描述的协议中, 演示鼠被包含在一个允许鼻子和非生殖器接触的金属丝杯中。此外, 小鼠相遇的竞技场是小的 (三箱的中心室措施 19 x 45 cm)。因此, 我们增加了主题鼠标...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors at JoVE.com

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

本文提出了一种研究小鼠食物偏好的社会传播的协议。这一过程的优点和可能的应用, 例如, 在检测 AD 鼠标模型的早期变化, 突出。最后, 根据关键细节对结果进行了解释。

食品偏好行为的社会传播评价

Olfactory recognition deficits are suggested to be able to serve as clinical marker to differentiate Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) subjects from healthy ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to assess the power of the social transmission of food preferences for the study of socially induced olfactory memory, and the detection of Alzheimer's disease. These methods can help answer key questions in the behavioral neuroscience field, such as how do rodents communicate to others or transmit olfactory cues. This technique has the potential for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as olfactory cognition dysfunction during early stages of the disease, may be useful for the detection of Alzheimer's.Before beginning the social transmission of food preferences, or STFP procedure, bury a chocolate chip cookie in a random corner of a clean individual housing cage approximately one centimeter beneath the bedding surface and place the observer mouse into the cage. Record the latency to find the cookie with a 15 minute cutoff to rule out olfaction detection deficits and to prevent time consuming, unnecessary STFP testing. Next, lower the walls to separate the right and left compartments and place one container filled with regular food chow pellets in each of two corners of the three chamber apparatus.Gently place the observer mouse in the center chamber and let the subject mouse habituate to the apparatus for 10 minutes. Then, open the sliding doors and let the subject mouse freely explore the whole apparatus for another 10 minutes. The next day, lower the walls to separate the right and left compartments again, and place a demonstrator mouse inside a wire containment cup.Place the cup in the center chamber and write the abbreviation of the food with which the demonstrator has been cued on the lid of the wire cup facing the mounted camera. Gently place the subject mouse in the center chamber and let the subject mouse freely explore the demonstrator mouse for 30 minutes. At the end of the exploration period, weigh each mouse and label each animal with an observed ID and flavor.Then, remove the wall divides and place one food container of the cued food into one corner of the three chamber apparatus and one food container of a novel, uncued food into another corner of the apparatus. Gently place the subject mouse in the middle chamber and let the mouse freely explore the whole arena for 120 minutes. Then, measure the food preference by weighing the remaining food.In the representative social exploration phase analysis, wild type mice did not demonstrate any differences in the total distance moved or time spent with the demonstrator mouse compared to the transgenic, Alzheimer's disease mice. During the food preference test phase, the wild type animal remembered its previous contact with the odor and preferred to eat more, and to spend more time with the matching flavored food, indicating an intact, socially induced food memory. The mutant animals, however, did not show a preference for the cued food over the novel, uncued food, indicative of a decreased, socially induced food memory.Once mastered, this technique can be completed in three hours per subject mouse over three consecutive days, if performed properly. Before and after attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to thoroughly clean the equipment and the inside of the arena to prevent olfactory cue biases between mice. This technique is based on the phenomenon of a naive observer rodent exhibiting an enhanced preference for a specific food after interaction with the demonstrate rodents that ate the same food.Though this methods can provide insights into olfactory learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse models, it can also be used in other mouse models of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by olfactory recondition and memory deficits. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to assess social enhancements of diet preference in mice.

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