Name: the effect of the application of thyme essential oil on microbial load during meat drying
Uploaded: 2018-03-14T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了热带 AgriSciences 学院内部赠款机构的支持 (项目编号: 20175013) 和 CIGA 20182023 两项赠款, 来自捷克生命科学大学。

1. 肉类制剂
<ol><li>从当地的屠杀中获得一小块牛肉 (从股二头肌中的新鲜牛肉), 转移到实验室。 注: 建议在常温下 (20-25 °c) 运输牛肉的腰部, 在密封袋内不超过20分钟。</li>
	<li>为了对牛肉肌肉的外层进行消毒, 在层流安全柜中, 用500毫升的挤压瓶喷洒 70% (v/v) 乙醇, 以洗涤肌肉。应用0.025 克乙醇每1厘米的肌肉表面2 。</li>
	<li>用小刀除去肉灌装的外表面, 以避免在肌肉内部残留乙醇...

<ol>
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先前的研究表明, 导致食源性疾病的微生物在干燥过程中生存了10。因此, 必须在干燥前应用防腐剂, 以保证食品安全。在这项研究中, 我们专注于使用特奥。其原因有两个方面: 第一, 消费者对使用天然产品作为替代添加剂以提高食品质量的需求很高16;其次, 前一项研究表明, 在肉类干燥过程中使用 OEO 的结果为22。因此, 在肉类干燥过程中应用 OEO...

干燥作为传统的保存食物的方法已经被使用了从远古时代。如今, 对干燥的兴趣越来越浓厚, 作为一种有效的食品保鲜方法1,2,3。它是用来制造各种特殊加工的肉类。其中最知名的是干。
干法是肉类保鲜的最古老的方法之一, 其基础是固化和干燥, 以降低水分活动, 从而延长其保质期4。如今, 干腌肉仍然很受欢迎, 食品的安全性、风味和质地是必不可少的。干制剂可用于几乎任何类型的肉类, 包括牛肉, 猪肉, 家禽, 或游戏5, 它需要切肉在瘦肉条和干燥。通常, 浸泡在固化溶液中的肉或吸烟与干燥一起使用, 以使干它的特色风味6。
尽管干燥的巨大兴趣, 以真正保存食物, 食源性暴发的风险由大肠杆菌从干燥肉是关键的, 需要控制。有一些研究报告食源性胃肠炎暴发, 特别是与大肠杆菌O157:H7, 归因于不充分的热处理在家庭干燥。即使在商业准备的生涩的7、8、9中也发生类似情况。莱文et al。10建议, 食源性微生物可以在干燥条件 (约60°c) 的情况下生存。大肠杆菌O157:H7 二十世纪九十年代中旬的食源性疾病暴发归因于地面干肉制品6,11。有趣的是, 在以前的所有病例中, 主要的风险是由被确认为可行但非可培养 (VBNC) 的细菌病原体引起的。在诸如温度变化或饥饿等各种压力下,大肠杆菌单元可以进入一个称为 VBNC 状态1213的特定状态。VBNC 细胞可以通过暴露在适当的条件下恢复到可培养细胞, 然后由于食源性污染而对人类健康构成威胁 14, 15.这意味着, 如果肉类是在干燥后立即消耗的产品, 它是安全的。但是, 如果储存不足, 如湿度增加, 病原体和微生物生长的复发风险很高。
除了干燥和腌料的方法, 消费者有很高的需求, 使用天然产品作为替代添加剂, 以改善食品质量16,17。对肉类天然食品添加剂的应用特别感兴趣, 而不是传统的合成防腐剂18,19,20,21。尽管在干燥肉类时使用精油缺乏足够的实验证据, 但该领域早期的研究已经显示出积极的结果22,23。
自中世纪以来, 人们已经认识到必需的油脂化合物 (EOCs) 的抗菌剂, 杀虫, 和寄生虫特征24,25,26。今天, EOCs 是最重要的一组生物活性天然化合物的一部分。在不同的 EOCs 中, 麝香是其中一个最知名的。它由85% 以上的特奥23组成。这种苯酚能防止微生物和化学物质在食物中变质。此外, 它的抗菌性能可能会改善与其他天然防腐剂2,27,28,29,30。现在, 百里香 (胸腺), 一种属于唇形家族的药草, 已被公认为调味剂, 也是一种非常有效的肉类防腐剂 31.由加西亚-Díez et进行的一项研究。30在肉类产品上发现, 与其他精油相比, 特奥对食源性致病菌的抑制作用更大。因此, 在干燥过程中施用精油, 有机会增加干肉的价值, 减少食源性疾病的风险。
在本协议中, 我们提出了一种新的方法来应用特奥在肉类干燥, 特别是使用它在蒸气形式直接在干燥室。为了评估, 我们使用麦克风来确定治疗样本中的致病菌与原生细菌的缺失。初步结果表明, 该方法是一种高效的合成防腐剂替代品, 大大减少了干肉中的微生物负荷。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Meat cutter</td>
			<td>Kalorik</td>
			<td>KP 3530</td>
			<td>from Miami Gardens, FL, USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar safety cabinet</td>
			<td>Faster s.r.l</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>from Italy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Squeeze bottle of 500 mL</td>
			<td>Merci</td>
			<td>632 524 325 025</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard laboratory drier UFE 400</td>
			<td>Memmert</td>
			<td>DE 66812464</td>
			<td>from Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>BT 120</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerator and Freezer</td>
			<td>Bosch</td>
			<td>KGN34VW20G</td>
			<td>from DE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Densitometer</td>
			<td>Biosan</td>
			<td>220 000 050 122</td>
			<td>Latvia; supplier Merci, CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Escherichia coli ATCC 25922</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CL7050</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex</td>
			<td>Chromservis</td>
			<td>22008013</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterilized plastic tubes 15 mL</td>
			<td>Gama</td>
			<td>331 000 020 115</td>
			<td>from CZ, supplier Merci</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 mL injection vial</td>
			<td>Healthy vial</td>
			<td>hvft169</td>
			<td>from China</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 mm sterile butyl rubber stopper</td>
			<td>Merci</td>
			<td>22008013</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 mm aluminum cap</td>
			<td>Healthy vial</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>from China</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thyme essential oil</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>W306509</td>
			<td>from St Louis, MO, USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mueller Hinton Broth</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CM0337</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Penta</td>
			<td>16610-31000</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peptone</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>LP0034</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>T 13502</td>
			<td>from DE, supplier P-lab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shaker SHO-1D</td>
			<td>Verkon</td>
			<td>DH.WSR04020</td>
			<td>from CZ,&#160; 10 - 300 rpm. 350 x 350 mm with a platform for flasks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 70%</td>
			<td>Bioferm</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MacConkey Agar</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CM007</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Count Agar</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CM0325</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter paper</td>
			<td>Merci</td>
			<td>480 622 080 040</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Erlenmeyer flasks 250 mL</td>
			<td>Simax</td>
			<td>610 002 122 636</td>
			<td>from CZ; supplier Merci CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
			<td>Socorex</td>
			<td>S852820</td>
			<td>from Switzerland; supplier P lab, CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtiter plate</td>
			<td>Gamma</td>
			<td>V400916</td>
			<td>CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microlitre pipette 100-1000 &#956;L</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>333 120 000 062</td>
			<td>from Germany; supplier Merci, CZ</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the effect of the application of thyme essential oil on microbial load during meat drying

肉类是一种高蛋白的膳食, 用于配制干, 一种流行的食品零食, 在那里保存和安全是重要的。为了保证食品安全和延长肉类和肉类产品的保质期, 使用合成或天然防腐剂来控制和消除食源性细菌。越来越多的人对天然食品添加剂在肉类中的应用增加了兴趣。微生物, 如大肠杆菌, 污染肉类和肉类产品, 造成食源性疾病. 因此, 有必要改进肉类的保护过程。然而, 在肉类干燥时使用精油还没有深入研究。在这方面, 有机会增加干肉的价值, 并通过在干燥过程中应用精油降低食源性疾病的风险。在本议定书中, 我们提出了一种新的方法来应用百里香精油 (特奥) 在肉类干燥, 特别是在蒸气形式直接在干燥室。为了评估, 我们使用最小的抑制浓度 (MIC) 来检测样本中有害细菌的数量与原样品相比。初步结果表明, 该方法是一种可行的、可替代的合成防腐剂, 大大减少了干肉中的微生物负荷。

我们首先开发了这种方法, 通过使用牛至精油 (OEO), 以提高食品安全和提高干肉的价值。一般而言, 上述实验表明, 在干燥过程中,大肠杆菌进入 VBNC 状态作为一种生存策略。这是由事实证明, 在干燥完成后没有可培养细菌 22.因此, 6 小时的预浓缩过程是必要的, 以允许计数的应变。在较短的时期内, 生长细胞的数量仍然非常低。结果是在预富集过程后, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying at JoVE.com

The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying

百里香精油应用于肉类干燥过程中微生物负荷的影响

微生物如大肠杆菌污染肉类产品会引起食源性疾病. 精油在肉类干燥过程中的应用尚未深入研究。在此, 我们提出了一种新的方法, 将百里香精油应用于肉类干燥过程中, 以减少干肉中的微生物负荷。

Meat is a high protein meal that is used in the preparation of jerky, a popular food snack, where preservation and safety are important. To assure food ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Determination of Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Waters, Soils, and Sediments using High Throughput Microplate Assays

在使用高通量微孔板测定水，土壤，沉积物和微生物测定胞外酶活性的

Much of the nutrient cycling and carbon  processing in natural environments occurs through the activity of extracellular  enzymes released by ...

科研

环境科学

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

方法对纸浆厂污水流和培养微生物的生物降解能力的表征促进微生物生长

The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high ...

Application of Two-spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae for Plant-pest Interaction Studies

Application of Two-spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae for Plant-pest Interaction Studies

二斑叶螨的应用<em&gt;二斑叶螨</em&gt;植物病虫害的相互作用研究

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a ubiquitous polyphagous arthropod herbivore that feeds on a remarkably broad array of species, with ...

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

在电气贯穿图（EPG）的韧皮部筛分子获取和测量电信号中的新应用

Electrophysiological properties of cells are often studied in vitro, after dissociating them from their native environments. However, the study of ...

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

h的测量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; S在原油和原油顶空用多维气相色谱法，院长交换和选择性硫检测

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level

从个体到群体度评价环境化学物质对蜜蜂发展的影响

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be ...

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

与CO平衡的原油流变学测量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;在水库条件

A rheometer system to measure the rheology of crude oil in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures and pressures is described. The ...

Lab-Scale Model to Evaluate Odor and Gas Concentrations Emitted by Deep Bedded Pack Manure

用实验室尺度模型评价深层包粪排放的恶臭和气体浓度

A lab-scaled simulated bedded pack model was developed to study air quality and nutrient composition of deep-bedded packs used in cattle mono-slope ...

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

植物感染试验: 以植物病原菌为载体的喷雾和伤口介导接种

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

Experimental Study of the Relationship Between Particle Size and Methane Sorption Capacity in Shale

页岩中粒径与甲烷吸附能力关系的实验研究

The amount of adsorbed shale gas is a key parameter used in shale gas resource evaluation and target area selection, and it is also an important standard ...