Name: the effect of the application of thyme essential oil on microbial load during meat drying
Uploaded: 2018-03-14T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af agenturets interne Grant af fakultetet af tropiske AgriSciences, (projekt nummer: 20175013) og CIGA 20182023 både tilskud, fra den tjekkiske Universitet biovidenskab.

1. kød forberedelse
<ol><li>Få en kort lænd oksekød (fersk oksekød fra biceps femoris) fra en lokal slagteri og overføre det til laboratoriet. Bemærk: Det anbefales at transportere lænd oksekød ved stuetemperatur (20-25 ° C), i en periode ikke længere end 20 min. i en hermetisk forseglet pose.</li>
	<li>For at sterilisere den ydre overflade af oksekød-muskel i en laminar sikkerhed kabinet, vaske musklen ved sprøjtning med 70% (v/v) ethanol for 10 s ved hjælp af en squeeze flaske på 500 mL. An...

<ol>
	<li>Eklund, M. W., Peterson, M. E., Poysky, F. T., Paranjpye, R. N., Pelroy, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+bacterial+pathogens+during+processing+of+cold-smoked+and+dried+salmon+strips.">Control of bacterial pathogens during processing of cold-smoked and dried salmon strips.</a> J. Food Prot. 67 (2), 347-351 (2004).</li><li>Mahmoud, B. S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preservative+effect+of+combined+treatment+with+electrolyzed+NaCl+solutions+and+essential+oil+compounds+on+carp+fillets+during+convectional+air-drying.">Preservative effect of combined treatment with electrolyzed NaCl solutions and essential oil compounds on carp fillets during convectional air-drying.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 106 (3), 331-337 (2006).</li><li>Rahman, M. S., Guizani, N., Al-Ruzeiki, M. H., Al Khalasi, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microflora+Changes+in+Tuna+Mince+During+Convection+Air+Drying.">Microflora Changes in Tuna Mince During Convection Air Drying.</a> Dry. Technol. 18 (10), 2369-2379 (2000).</li><li>Faith, N. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viability+of+Escherichia+coli+O157:+H7+in+ground+and+formed+beef+jerky+prepared+at+levels+of+5+and+20%+fat+and+dried+at+52,+57,+63,+or+68+C+in+a+home-style+dehydrator.">Viability of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in ground and formed beef jerky prepared at levels of 5 and 20% fat and dried at 52, 57, 63, or 68 C in a home-style dehydrator.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 41 (3), 213-221 (1998).</li><li>Hierro, E., De La Hoz, L., Ord&#243;&#241;ez, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Headspace+volatile+compounds+from+salted+and+occasionally+smoked+dried+meats+(cecinas)+as+affected+by+animal+species.">Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species.</a> Food Chem. 85 (4), 649-657 (2004).</li><li>Nummer, B. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+Preparation+Methods+on+the+Microbiological+Safety+of+Home-Dried+Meat+Jerky.">Effects of Preparation Methods on the Microbiological Safety of Home-Dried Meat Jerky.</a> J. Food Prot. 67 (10), 2337-2341 (2004).</li><li>Greig, J. D., Ravel, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+foodborne+outbreak+data+reported+internationally+for+source+attribution.">Analysis of foodborne outbreak data reported internationally for source attribution.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 130 (2), 77-87 (2009).</li><li>Eidson, M., Sewell, C. M., Graves, G., Olson, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beef+jerky+gastroenteritis+outbreaks.">Beef jerky gastroenteritis outbreaks.</a> J. Environ. Health. 62 (6), 9-13 (2000).</li><li>Allen, K., Cornforth, D., Whittier, D., Vasavada, M., Nummer, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+high+humidity+and+wet+marinade+methods+for+pasteurization+of+jerky.">Evaluation of high humidity and wet marinade methods for pasteurization of jerky.</a> J. Food Sci. 72 (7), (2007).</li><li>Levine, P., Rose, B., Green, S., Ransom, G., Hill, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogen+testing+of+ready-to-eat+meat+and+poultry+products+collected+at+federally+inspected+establishments+in+the+United+States,+1990+to+1999.">Pathogen testing of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected at federally inspected establishments in the United States, 1990 to 1999.</a> J. Food Prot. 64 (8), 1188-1193 (1990).</li><li>Keene, W. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+outbreak+of+Escherichia+coli+O157:H7+infections+traced+to+jerky+made+from+deer+meat.">An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections traced to jerky made from deer meat.</a> JAMA. 277 (15), 1229-1231 (1997).</li><li>Oliver, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+viable+but+nonculturable+state+in+bacteria.">The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria.</a> J. Microbiol. 43, 93-100 (2005).</li><li>Oliver, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+findings+on+the+viable+but+nonculturable+state+in+pathogenic+bacteria.">Recent findings on the viable but nonculturable state in pathogenic bacteria.</a> FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 34 (4), 415-425 (2010).</li><li>Khamisse, E., Firmesse, O., Christieans, S., Chassaing, D., Carpentier, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+cleaning+and+disinfection+on+the+non-culturable+and+culturable+bacterial+loads+of+food-contact+surfaces+at+a+beef+processing+plant.">Impact of cleaning and disinfection on the non-culturable and culturable bacterial loads of food-contact surfaces at a beef processing plant.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 158 (2), 163-168 (2012).</li><li>Li, L., Mendis, N., Trigui, H., Oliver, J. D., Faucher, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+importance+of+the+viable+but+non-culturable+state+in+human+bacterial+pathogens.">The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens.</a> Front. Microbiol. 5, 258 (2014).</li><li>Hern&#225;ndez, H., Claramount, D., Ku&#269;erov&#225;, I., Banout, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+modified+blanching+and+oregano+essential+oil+on+drying+kinetics+and+sensory+attributes+of+dried+meat.">The effects of modified blanching and oregano essential oil on drying kinetics and sensory attributes of dried meat.</a> J. Food Process. Preserv. , (2016).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-D&#237;ez, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Impact+of+Essential+Oils+on+Consumer+Acceptance+of+Chouri&#231;o+de+vinho+-+A+Dry-Cured+Sausage+Made+from+Wine-Marinated+Meat+-+Assessed+by+the+Hedonic+Scale,+JAR+Intensity+Scale+and+Consumers'+&amp;#34;Will+to+Consume+and+Purchase.&amp;#34.">The Impact of Essential Oils on Consumer Acceptance of Chouri&#231;o de vinho - A Dry-Cured Sausage Made from Wine-Marinated Meat - Assessed by the Hedonic Scale, JAR Intensity Scale and Consumers' &amp;#34;Will to Consume and Purchase.&amp;#34.</a> J. Food Process. Preserv. 41 (4), (2017).</li><li>Govaris, A., Solomakos, N., Pexara, A., Chatzopoulou, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+antimicrobial+effect+of+oregano+essential+oil,+nisin+and+their+combination+against+Salmonella+Enteritidis+in+minced+sheep+meat+during+refrigerated+storage.">The antimicrobial effect of oregano essential oil, nisin and their combination against Salmonella Enteritidis in minced sheep meat during refrigerated storage.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 137 (2-3), 175-180 (2010).</li><li>Holley, R. A., Patel, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+in+shelf-life+and+safety+of+perishable+foods+by+plant+essential+oils+and+smoke+antimicrobials.">Improvement in shelf-life and safety of perishable foods by plant essential oils and smoke antimicrobials.</a> Food Microbiol. 22 (4), 273-292 (2005).</li><li>Petrou, S., Tsiraki, M., Giatrakou, V., Savvaidis, I. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chitosan+dipping+or+oregano+oil+treatments,+singly+or+combined+on+modified+atmosphere+packaged+chicken+breast+meat.">Chitosan dipping or oregano oil treatments, singly or combined on modified atmosphere packaged chicken breast meat.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 156 (3), 264-271 (2012).</li><li>Ballester-costa, C., Sendra, E., Viuda-martos, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+Antioxidant+and+Antibacterial+Properties+on+Meat+Homogenates+of+Essential+Oils+Obtained+from+Four+Thymus+Species+Achieved+from+Organic+Growth.">Assessment of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties on Meat Homogenates of Essential Oils Obtained from Four Thymus Species Achieved from Organic Growth.</a> Foods. 6 (8), 59 (2017).</li><li>Hern&#225;ndez, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+oregano+essential+oil+on+microbial+load+and+sensory+attributes+of+dried+meat.">The effect of oregano essential oil on microbial load and sensory attributes of dried meat.</a> J. Sci. Food Agric. 97 (1), 82-87 (2017).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-D&#237;ez, J., Alheiro, J., Falco, V., Fraqueza, M. J., Patarata, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+characterization+and+antimicrobial+properties+of+herbs+and+spices+essential+oils+against+pathogens+and+spoilage+bacteria+associated+to+dry-cured+meat+products.">Chemical characterization and antimicrobial properties of herbs and spices essential oils against pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated to dry-cured meat products.</a> J. Essent. Oil Res. 29 (2), 117-125 (2017).</li><li>Cavanagh, H. M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antifungal+Activity+of+the+Volatile+Phase+of+Essential+Oils:+A+Brief+Review.">Antifungal Activity of the Volatile Phase of Essential Oils: A Brief Review.</a> Nat. Prod. Commun. 2 (12), 1297-1302 (2007).</li><li>Tajkarimi, M. M., Ibrahim, S. A., Cliver, D. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antimicrobial+herb+and+spice+compounds+in+food.">Antimicrobial herb and spice compounds in food.</a> Food Control. 21 (9), 1199-1218 (2010).</li><li>Nedorostova, L., Kloucek, P., Kokoska, L., Stolcova, M., Pulkrabek, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antimicrobial+properties+of+selected+essential+oils+in+vapour+phase+against+foodborne+bacteria.">Antimicrobial properties of selected essential oils in vapour phase against foodborne bacteria.</a> Food Control. 20 (2), 157-160 (2009).</li><li>Burt, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Essential+oils:+Their+antibacterial+properties+and+potential+applications+in+foods+-+A+review.">Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods - A review.</a> Int. J. Food Microbiol. 94 (3), 223-253 (2004).</li><li>Ramanathan, L., Das, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+on+the+control+of+lipid+oxidation+in+ground+fish+by+some+polyphenolic+natural+products.">Studies on the control of lipid oxidation in ground fish by some polyphenolic natural products.</a> J. Agric. Food Chem. 40 (1), 17-21 (1992).</li><li>Yamazaki, K., Yamamoto, T., Kawai, Y., Inoue, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhancement+of+antilisterial+activity+of+essential+oil+constituents+by+nisin+and+diglycerol+fatty+acid+ester.">Enhancement of antilisterial activity of essential oil constituents by nisin and diglycerol fatty acid ester.</a> Food Microbiol. 21 (3), 283-289 (2004).</li><li>Garc&#237;a-D&#237;ez, J., Alheiro, J., Falco, V., Fraqueza, M. J., Patarata, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+activity+of+essential+oils+from+herbs+and+spices+used+on+meat+products+against+food+borne+pathogens.">Synergistic activity of essential oils from herbs and spices used on meat products against food borne pathogens.</a> Nat. Prod. Commun. 12 (2), 281-286 (2017).</li><li>Hussein Hamdy Roby, M., Atef Sarhan, M., Abdel-Hamed Selim, K., Ibrahim Khalel, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+antioxidant+activity,+total+phenols+and+phenolic+compounds+in+thyme+(Thymus+vulgaris+L.),+sage+(Salvia+officinalis+L.),+and+marjoram+(Origanum+majorana+L.)+extracts.">Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total phenols and phenolic compounds in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) extracts.</a> Ind. Crops Prod. 43, 827-831 (2013).</li><li>Gouveia, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Antimicrobial+Effect+of+Essential+Oils+Against+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+Sous+vide+Cook-Chill+Beef+during+Storage.">The Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oils Against Listeria monocytogenes in Sous vide Cook-Chill Beef during Storage.</a> J. Food Process. Preserv. 41 (4), (2017).</li><li>Chen, C., Nace, G., Irwin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+6+x+6+drop+plate+method+for+simultaneous+colony+counting+and+MPN+enumeration+of+Campylobacter+jejuni,+Listeria+monocytogenes,+and+Escherichia+coli.">A 6 x 6 drop plate method for simultaneous colony counting and MPN enumeration of Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 55 (2), 475-479 (2003).</li><li>Herigstad, B., Hamilton, M., Heersink, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+to+optimize+the+drop+plate+method+for+enumerating+bacteria.">How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 44 (2), 121-129 (2001).</li><li>. Practical food microbiology Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzyVOLllJ0B1YmlEemZ5M1RZekU/view?ts=590d8019">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzyVOLllJ0B1YmlEemZ5M1RZekU/view?ts=590d8019</a> (2003)</li><li>Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J., Fyfe, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antimicrobial+properties+of+plant+essential+oils+and+essences+against+five+important+food-borne+pathogens.">Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens.</a> Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 26 (2), 118-122 (1998).</li><li>Burt, S. a., Reinders, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibacterial+activity+of+selected+plant+essential+oils+against+Escherichia+coli+O157:H7.">Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7.</a> Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 36 (3), 162-167 (2003).</li></ol>

Tidligere forskning har vist, at mikroorganismer forårsager fødevarebårne sygdomme overleve tørring10. Det er derfor nødvendigt at anvende konserveringsmidler før tørring for at sikre fødevaresikkerheden. I denne undersøgelse fokuserer vi på ved hjælp af TEO. Grunden er dobbelt: for det første er der en stor efterspørgsel fra forbrugerne til at bruge naturlige produkter som alternative additiver til at forbedre mad kvalitet16; For det andet, en tidligere unders...

Tørring som en traditionel metode til at bevare fødevarer har været brugt siden oldtiden. I dag, er der en voksende interesse for tørring som en effektiv metode til food præservering1,2,3. Det bruges til at gøre en række specielt forarbejdet kød. En af de mest kendte er jerky.
Jerky, en af de ældste metoder til kød bevarelse, er baseret på saltning og tørring til lavere vandaktivitet og derfor at forlænge dens holdbarhed4. Dag, rykvise som en bevarede saltede kød er stadig meget populær, hvor fødevaresikkerhed, smag og konsistens er afgørende. Jerky forberedelse kan bruges til næsten enhver form for kød, herunder oksekød, svinekød, fjerkræ eller spil5, og det kræver hakke kødet i lean strimler og udtørre den. Normalt, marinering kødet i en hærdning løsning eller rygning bruges sammen med tørring til at give rykvise dens karakteristiske smag6.
Trods den enorme interesse for tørring for at virkelig bevare fødevarer, risikoen for fødevarebårne udbrud af E. coli fra dårligt tørret kød er kritisk og skal styres. Der er nogle undersøgelser rapportering fødevarebårne gastroenteritis udbrud især med E. coli O157: H7, tilskrives manglende varme behandling under hjem-tørring. Lignende tilfælde har fundet sted endnu i kommercielt tilberedt rykvise7,8,9. Levine mfl. 10 foreslået at fødevarebårne mikroorganismer kan overleve moderat tørring betingelser (ca. 60 ° C) anvendes af kommercielle rykvise producenter. E. coli O157: H7 udbrud af fødevarebårne sygdomme i midten af 1990s blev tilskrevet jorden tørret kød produkter6,11. Interessant, i alle de tidligere sager, er den største risiko forårsaget af bakterielle patogener anerkendt som levedygtige men ikke-bestemmelse (VBNC). Under forskellige belastninger såsom ændringer i temperatur eller sult, kunne E. coli celler indtaste en bestemt tilstand kendt som VBNC stat12,13. VBNC celler kan derefter genoplives tilbage til bestemmelse celler ved udsættelse for egnede betingelser og derefter udgøre en trussel mod menneskers sundhed på grund af fødevarebårne forurening14,15. Det betyder, at hvis kødet er indtages umiddelbart efter tørring produktet det er sikkert. Men i tilfælde af utilstrækkelig opbevaring, såsom øget luftfugtighed, der er en høj risiko for reaktivering af patogener og mikrobiel vækst.
Udover tørring og marinaden metoder er der en stor efterspørgsel fra forbrugerne til at bruge naturlige produkter som et alternativ til tilsætningsstoffer til at forbedre mad kvalitet16,17. Der har været en særlig interesse i anvendelse af naturlige tilsætningsstoffer for kød i stedet for klassisk syntetiske konserveringsmidler18,19,20,21. Selv om der er en tilstrækkelig eksperimentelle bevismateriale i brugen af æteriske olier, når tørring kød, viser tidlige forskning på dette område allerede positive resultater22,23.
Siden middelalderen har folk anerkendt æteriske olie forbindelser (EOCs) for deres antimikrobielle, insektbekæmpelsesmidler og antiparasitære chracteristics24,25,26. I dag, er EOCs en del af en af de vigtigste gruppe af bioaktive naturlige stoffer. Blandt de forskellige EOCs er thymol en af de mest kendte. Det er sammensat af mere end 85% af TEO23. Denne phenol forebygger mikrobielle og kemiske forringelse når tilsættes til fødevarer. Derudover kan sin antibakterielle egenskaber forbedres i kombination med andre naturlige konserveringsmidler2,27,28,29,30. I dag, timian (Thymus vulgaris), en urt, der tilhører Lamiaceae familie, er blevet anerkendt som et smagsstof samt en meget effektiv kød konserverende31. En undersøgelse af García-Díez mfl. 30 på kødprodukter, der fandt, at TEO vises en bredere hæmning mønster mod fødevarebårne patogener sammenlignet med andre æteriske olier. Derfor er der mulighed for at øge værdien af tørret kød og reducere risikoen for fødevarebårne sygdomme ved at anvende æteriske olier under tørringen.
I denne protokol, vi præsenterer en ny metode til at anvende TEO under kød tørring, specielt ved hjælp af det i vapor form direkte i en tørring kammer. For evaluering bruger vi MIC til at fastslå fravær af patogene bakterier i behandlede prøver sammenlignet med rå dem. De foreløbige resultater viser, at denne metode er et yderst effektivt alternativ til syntetiske konserveringsmidler og at det reducerer mikrobielle belastning i tørret kød.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Meat cutter</td>
			<td>Kalorik</td>
			<td>KP 3530</td>
			<td>from Miami Gardens, FL, USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar safety cabinet</td>
			<td>Faster s.r.l</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>from Italy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Squeeze bottle of 500 mL</td>
			<td>Merci</td>
			<td>632 524 325 025</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard laboratory drier UFE 400</td>
			<td>Memmert</td>
			<td>DE 66812464</td>
			<td>from Germany</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>BT 120</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerator and Freezer</td>
			<td>Bosch</td>
			<td>KGN34VW20G</td>
			<td>from DE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Densitometer</td>
			<td>Biosan</td>
			<td>220 000 050 122</td>
			<td>Latvia; supplier Merci, CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Escherichia coli ATCC 25922</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CL7050</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex</td>
			<td>Chromservis</td>
			<td>22008013</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterilized plastic tubes 15 mL</td>
			<td>Gama</td>
			<td>331 000 020 115</td>
			<td>from CZ, supplier Merci</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 mL injection vial</td>
			<td>Healthy vial</td>
			<td>hvft169</td>
			<td>from China</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 mm sterile butyl rubber stopper</td>
			<td>Merci</td>
			<td>22008013</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 mm aluminum cap</td>
			<td>Healthy vial</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>from China</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thyme essential oil</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>W306509</td>
			<td>from St Louis, MO, USA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mueller Hinton Broth</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CM0337</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Penta</td>
			<td>16610-31000</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peptone</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>LP0034</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>T 13502</td>
			<td>from DE, supplier P-lab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shaker SHO-1D</td>
			<td>Verkon</td>
			<td>DH.WSR04020</td>
			<td>from CZ,&#160; 10 - 300 rpm. 350 x 350 mm with a platform for flasks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol 70%</td>
			<td>Bioferm</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MacConkey Agar</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CM007</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plate Count Agar</td>
			<td>Oxoid</td>
			<td>CM0325</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter paper</td>
			<td>Merci</td>
			<td>480 622 080 040</td>
			<td>from CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Erlenmeyer flasks 250 mL</td>
			<td>Simax</td>
			<td>610 002 122 636</td>
			<td>from CZ; supplier Merci CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
			<td>Socorex</td>
			<td>S852820</td>
			<td>from Switzerland; supplier P lab, CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtiter plate</td>
			<td>Gamma</td>
			<td>V400916</td>
			<td>CZ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microlitre pipette 100-1000 &#956;L</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>333 120 000 062</td>
			<td>from Germany; supplier Merci, CZ</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the effect of the application of thyme essential oil on microbial load during meat drying

Kød er en høj protein måltid, der er anvendes til fremstilling af jerky, en populær mad snack, hvor bevarelse og sikkerhed er vigtige. Garantere fødevaresikkerhed og forlænge holdbarhed af kød og kødprodukter, brugen af syntetiske eller naturlige konserveringsmidler er blevet anvendt til at kontrollere og fjerne fødevarebårne bakterier. En stigende interesse i anvendelse af naturlige tilsætningsstoffer for kød er steget. Mikroorganismer, som Escherichia coli, forurene kød og kødprodukter, forårsager fødevarebårne sygdomme. Det er derfor nødvendigt at forbedre kød bevarelse proces. Men brugen af æteriske olier når kødet er ved at blive tørret har ikke været dybt studerede. I denne henseende er der en mulighed for at øge værdien af tørret kød og reducere risikoen for fødevarebårne sygdomme ved at anvende æteriske olier under tørringen. I denne protokol præsenterer vi en ny metode til at anvende timian æteriske olie (TEO) under kød tørring, specielt i vapor form direkte i en tørring kammer. For evaluering bruger vi Minimal hæmmende koncentration (MIC) til at registrere antallet af skadelige bakterier i de behandlede prøver i forhold til raw-prøver. De foreløbige resultater viser, at denne metode er en levedygtig og alternative mulighed for at syntetiske konserveringsmidler og at det reducerer mikrobielle belastning i tørret kød.

Vi havde først tidligere udviklet denne metode ved hjælp af oregano æteriske olie (OEO) til at forbedre fødevaresikkerheden og øge værdien af tørret kød. De foregående eksperimenter viste generelt, at E. coli går ind i VBNC staten under tørringen som en overlevelsesstrategi. Det fremgår af det faktum, at der var ingen bestemmelse bakterier efter tørring færdig22. Før berigelse processen for 6 h var derfor nødvendigt at tillade optælling af...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying at JoVE.com

The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying

Effekten af anvendelsen af timian æteriske olie på mikrobielle belastning under kød tørring

Mikroorganismer som Escherichia coli , som forurener kødprodukter forårsage fødevarebårne sygdomme. Brugen af æteriske olier i tørringsprocessen kød er ikke blevet undersøgt dybt. Vi præsenterer her, en roman metode til at anvende timian æteriske olie til kød under tørring for at reducere den mikrobielle belastning i tørret kød.

Meat is a high protein meal that is used in the preparation of jerky, a popular food snack, where preservation and safety are important. To assure food ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Determination of Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activity in Waters, Soils, and Sediments using High Throughput Microplate Assays

Bestemmelse af Mikrobiel Extracellular enzymaktivitet i Vand, Jord og sediment ved hjælp af High Throughput Mikropladekrav Analyser

Much of the nutrient cycling and carbon  processing in natural environments occurs through the activity of extracellular  enzymes released by ...

Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Metoder til Lettere Mikrobiel vækst på cellulosefabrikken affaldsstrømme og karakterisering af Bionedbrydningspotentialet af Kulturperler Mikrober

The kraft process is applied to wood chips for separation of lignin from the polysaccharides within lignocellulose for pulp that will produce a high ...

Application of Two-spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae for Plant-pest Interaction Studies

Application of Two-spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae for Plant-pest Interaction Studies

Anvendelsen af ​​to bønnespindemide<em&gt; Tetranychus urticae</em&gt; For Plant-pest Interaktionsundersøgelser

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a ubiquitous polyphagous arthropod herbivore that feeds on a remarkably broad array of species, with ...

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

En ny anvendelse af elektrisk Penetration Graph (EPG) for at erhverve og måling af elektriske signaler i Phloem Sieve Elements

Electrophysiological properties of cells are often studied in vitro, after dissociating them from their native environments. However, the study of ...

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Måling af H<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; S i Crude Oil og Crude Oil Headspace Brug Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, dekaner Skifte og svovl-selektive Detection

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level

Evaluering af effekten af ​​Environmental Chemicals på Honey Bee Udvikling fra den enkelte til Colony Level

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be ...

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Måling af rheologi af råolie i ligevægt med CO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Ved reservoir betingelser

A rheometer system to measure the rheology of crude oil in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures and pressures is described. The ...

Lab-Scale Model to Evaluate Odor and Gas Concentrations Emitted by Deep Bedded Pack Manure

Lab-skala Model til at vurdere lugt og koncentrationerne udsendes af dyb sengs Pack gødning

A lab-scaled simulated bedded pack model was developed to study air quality and nutrient composition of deep-bedded packs used in cattle mono-slope ...

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

Plante infektion Test: Spray og sår-medieret podning med plante patogen Magnaporthe Grisea

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

Experimental Study of the Relationship Between Particle Size and Methane Sorption Capacity in Shale

Eksperimentel undersøgelse af forholdet mellem partikelstørrelse og metan Sorption kapacitet i skifer

The amount of adsorbed shale gas is a key parameter used in shale gas resource evaluation and target area selection, and it is also an important standard ...