Name: zygotic fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis for chromatin looseness that allows full-term development
Uploaded: 2018-06-12T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development at JoVE.com

批判的なコメントおよびテクニカル サポートを提供するためかな岸田、上村聡明長友さやか和歌山聡岸上をありがとうございます。この仕事; ミズーリ州に国立大学の改革を促進するため文部省、文化、スポーツ、科学技術プログラムによって資金が供給された部分的に会科学 (16 H 02593) の昇進、浅田科学財団および t. w. に武田科学振興財団資金提供者には、研究デザイン、データ収集と分析、意思決定を発行し、または原稿の準備の役割はなかった。

本研究は、ケアと山梨大学の実験動物の使用のためのガイドの推奨事項に厳密に従って行った。プロトコルは山梨大学の動物実験の倫理委員会によって承認された (許可番号: A24 50)。Tribromoethanol 麻酔下ですべての手術を行った、すべての努力が苦しみを最小限に抑えるために作られました。手順とタイム テーブルの説明された概要はそれぞれ図 1と表 1のと...

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本研究で明らかになった、zFRAP 解析は完全な長期的開発、このメソッドが分子イベントと胚の発育能の関係を明らかにする非常に有用なツールに重大な損傷を発生しません。それらの細胞の差動電位になる 2 つのセル段階の胚のほどまで ES 細胞の状態のような 2 つのセルにプログラムし直す時にクロマチン緩みは 2 細胞期胚5と対等であるに変わります。したがって、, クロ...

受精後クロマチン構造を動的に変更し、, クロマチン構造は最終的に確立された1,2。この間、父方の前核の支配的なクロマチン蛋白はヒストンにプロタミンから変更されます。結果クロマチンは精子と女性の卵子 (例えば、ヒストン バリアント組成、ヒストン修飾) いくつかの点で非常に異なる。したがって、形成された胚性クロマチンはその後の胚発生に重要であると考えられます。ただし、長期間にわたって, クロマチン構造の詳細を明らかにするための努力にもかかわらず受精卵の質を評価するまたは彼らのクロマチン構造を分析することによって 1 セル段階で完全な長期的開発を予測する方法はなかった設立。
以前の研究では、受精卵が非常に緩んでクロマチン構造3ある発見します。現在、クロマチンの緩みや開放性は、胚性幹 (ES) 細胞4潜在的な細胞の分化の重要な要因であると考えられています。ES 細胞、本質的に同質性を示さないが、むしろ異種;ES 細胞コロニーのいくつかは一過性高い微分の潜在性の 2 つのセル段階の胚の割球に匹敵するを取得します。この過渡期状態のような 2 つのセルに ES でクロマチン緩みセル 2 細胞期胚5と同等であるかに変更をします。したがって、クロマチンの緩みは、重要である細胞微分の潜在性、それは受精のクロマチンを広く開くことが可能とはココヤシの進化の潜在性の評価に有用なようです。
ライブ イメージングは、以来、このメソッドは、後続の開発とも完全な長期的開発6個体発生時分子事象の分析を可能にする強力なツールです。ライブ イメージングの方法のひとつとして、FRAP 解析は、着床前の胚や ES 細胞3,4,5におけるクロマチンの緩みを確認する使用されています。FRAP 解析による胚性クロマチン緩みを完全な長期的開発に悪影響を及ぼすことがなく分析する場合、1 セル段階の胚の質の評価のための貴重なツールがあります。しかし、この実験法によって完全な長期的発達に及ぼす影響を行った。最近では、ココヤシのクロマチンの緩みを評価する FRAP を用いた実験機が開発されました。これは、受精卵のための新しい観測システムは、ので、ココヤシ FRAP (zFRAP) と名付けられました。zFRAP は完全な長期的開発を批判的に影響しなかったし、されている7は別途報告します。本報告ではこの実験法のプロトコルの説明します。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1022">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:260px;">Confocal laser scaning microscope</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FV1200</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">FV1000 can be also used for FRAP analysis (reference #7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Thermo plate</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Tokai Hit</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP-110RH26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IX71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Micro manupilator</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MMO-202ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Pieze Micro Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Prime tech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PMAS-CT150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">35 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Falcom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351008</td>
			<td>35 x 100 mm style; for IVF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">60 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Falcom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351007</td>
			<td>60 x 15 mm style; for embryo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">50 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Falcom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351006</td>
			<td>50 x 9 mm style; for manipulation on the stage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">50 mm glass bottom dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Matsunami</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D910400</td>
			<td>50 mm dish, 27 mm &#966; hole size; for FRAP analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Organic spceiality chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">625071</td>
			<td>For FRAP analysis on the glass bottom dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8410-1L</td>
			<td>For IVF and embryo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Drummond</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1-000-1000</td>
			<td>For handling mouse zygotes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Borosilicate glass</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Prime tech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B100-75-10-PT</td>
			<td>For microinjection of mRNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">Micropipett puller</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sutter instrument</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P-97/IVF</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">For preparation of the injection or holding neadle (out side diameter: 80 &#181;m, inner diameter: 10 &#181;m)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Microforge</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">&#160;Narishige</td>
			<td>MF-900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">mMESSAGE MACHINE SP6 Transcription kit</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Thermo 
			Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM1340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">Poly (A) tailing kit</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Thermo 
			Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM1350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">PVP solution 10% (PVP-HTF)</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">IrvineSceientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">99311</td>
			<td>HEPES buffered HTF containing 10% PVP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Sodium HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">pTOPO eGFP-H2B</td>
			<td style="width:208px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Template plasmid for eGFP-H2B mRNA (reference #6)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">NorthernMax Gly Sample loading Dye&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Thermo 
			Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM8551</td>
			<td>For electrophoresis of in vitro transcribed mRNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Phenol chloroform isamyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">nacalai tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25970-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">nacalai tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">&#160;08401-65</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Not I</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">TOYOBO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NOT-111X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Ethachinmate</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">WAKO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">318-01793</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">3664 Otical power meter</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Hioki</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3664</td>
			<td>&#160;Power meter for laser power</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:260px;">Stereomicmicroscope</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SZX16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

zygotic fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis for chromatin looseness that allows full-term development

ライブ イメージングは、個体発生時分子事象の分析を可能にする強力なツールです。最近では、クロマチンの緩みや開放性多能性胚性幹細胞の細胞分化に関与する示されています。それは以前を比較した報告された胚性幹細胞と受精卵港の全能性との関連を示唆している非常にゆるめられた chromatin の構造。しかし、今までは、それが解決されていないこの非常に緩和/オープン クロマチン構造は萌芽期の進化の潜在性のために重要かどうか。本研究ではこの仮説を調べる蛍光によって分析されたどの受精卵の写真漂白後の回復の重要な損傷なしに開発することが実験的システムが開発されました。重要なは、この実験システムには、共焦点レーザー走査型顕微鏡に加えて魔法瓶プレート ヒーターのみが必要があります。この研究の調査結果は、写真漂白 (FRAP) 解析は, クロマチンの分子のイベントは完全な長期的開発のために重要かどうかを調査する使用ことができます後の蛍光回復をお勧めします。

eGFP H2B と zFRAP 分析
適切に作られるエンコーディング eGFP-H2B、移されたバンドによるポリ (図 2 a) テーリングと見られている、mRNA は、授精 (図 2 b) 後 1-3 h、第 2 極体と受精卵の細胞質に注入されました。8 〜 12 の授精後 h、H2B eGFP の発現を示す 2 前核と受精卵は収集され、zFRAP 分?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development at JoVE.com

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development

クロマチンの緩みは卵割球の進化の潜在性に関与することが表示されます。ただし、クロマチンの緩みを胚の発達の可能性を信頼性の高い指標として使用ことができるかどうかは知られていません。ここでは、クロマチン緩み評価受精卵が生じる完全な言葉こと実験的システムが記載されています。

写真漂白後のココヤシの蛍光回復により、完全な長期的開発クロマチン緩みの解析

Live imaging is a powerful tool that allows for the analysis of molecular events during ontogenesis. Recently, chromatin looseness or openness has been ...

The overall goal of this zygotic FRAP or zFRAP is to examine the association between zygotic chromatin looseness and embryonic development potential to term. This method can help answer key questions in the developmental biology field, such as embryonic development. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows the analyzed zygote to develop to full term without significant damage.Visual demonstration of this method is critical as the zFRAP analysis steps are difficult to learn because the experimental condition setting and operation for this analysis are very complex. After preparing eGFP-H2B RNA according to the text protocol, use nuclease-free water to dilute it to 250 nanograms per microliter. In a 60-millimeter dish, place two to three drops each of PVP-HTF, five to six drops of Hepes-buffered CZB, and eGFP-H2B mRNA.Then, use mineral oil to cover the drops. Using a pipette puller, pull borosilicate glass. After breaking the tip, use a microforge to bend the glass pipette to around 30 degrees.Prior to microinjection, confirm that the plate heater on the stage of the micromanipulator is off to prevent killing the zygotes during mRNA injection. Then, using 10%PVP-HTF, wash and coat the inside of the injection needles. Next from the tips fill the glass capillaries with the diluted eGFP-H2B mRNA.Collect the fertilized zygotes with a second polar body, and transfer 20 to 25 of them on to the chamber of the microscope stage. Then, with a holding pipette, hold the zygote and break the zona pellucida and the cytosolic membrane with a piezo drive. Inject about 10 picoliters of mRNA into the cytoplasm of each zygote.Complete the injections within 10 minutes to prevent damage caused by culturing the zygotes outside of the incubator. 10 minutes after microinjection, wash the zygotes in at least three drops of CZB and culture them at 38 degrees Celsius until FRAP analysis. One hour prior to zFRAP analysis, turn on the laser and hot plate attached to the stage of the confocal microscope.Set the temperature to 38 degrees Celsius. On a 60-millimeter glass-bottomed dish, pipette six to 10 microliters of Hepes-buffered CZB medium and cover it with mineral oil. Then, warm the dish on the heater until zygote collection.To make it easy to find the zygote with the confocal microscope, it is important to put the drops throughout the center of the dish. Eight to 12 hours after insemination, collect five to 10 eGFP-H2B expressing zygotes and transfer them to a six to 10-microliter drop of pre-warmed Hepes-buffered CZB medium. To perform a precise quantitative analysis it is important to put the zygote toward the center of the Hepes-buffered CZB drops.Set the bleaching and imaging conditions according to the manufacturer's instructions. For example, under Acquisition Setting, set the scanning speed to four microseconds per pixel and the size to five hundred and twelve. Increase the digital zoom to five, open the DyeList"and choose eGFP"Then, set the observation time to one point six seconds and the number of pictures to 12.Next, start the Stimulus Setting"panel and on UseScanner"click Main"Set the scanning speed to 10 microseconds per pixel. Click Activation in Series"Set PreActivation"to three frames and activation time to five seconds. Then, click Focus x2"and click Stop"Under the stimulus setting panel click Clip Rect"Set the ROI to 40 by 40 pixels.Click Time"and XY"Then, use an optical power meter to access the laser power. It is important to have the lights turned off when measuring the laser. After adjusting the laser gage to set the bleaching and imaging laser power, on the toolbar click Live"and then start Live Plot"Place the oil on the objective lens.Set the chamber on the stage and then find the zygotes in the drops. After finding zygotes, determine the ROI position by clicking Focus x2"And then in the Live Plot"window adjust the HV power gage for the eGFP"channel fluorescence intensity to around 2, 000. To start the zFRAP analysis, click XY"After FRAP analysis, click Series Done"Obtain the FRAP analyzed data, then click on Save As"to save the file 2D View image"as a preferred named file.Use Copy"ROI and Paste"ROI to prepare a reference region and to background respectively. Next, select ROI, REF, and BG, and then in the 2D View"image window, click Series Analysis"Obtain RoFRAP data and then in the Live Plot"window click the Save"button. Carry out data calculations according to the text protocol.Eight to 12 hours after insemination, zygotes with two pronucleai showing the expression of eGFP-H2B"were collected and subjected to zFRAP analysis. After bleaching, the intensity of the eGFP-H2B fluorescent signal recovered slightly because of the inflow of eGFP-H2B into the ROI from the unbleached area in the nucleoplasm. Recovery curves reveal that male pronucleai recovered more quickly and with more mobile fractions than female pronucleai.As demonstrated in these images and graph, after zFRAP analysis, washed and cultured zygotes in CZB medium developed to the blastocyst stage without significant damage. To analyze the full term development, embryos at the two-cell stage were transferred into the ovoducts of pseudo-pregnant mothers. As reported in this table, the birth rate of zFRAP analyzed embryos was slightly, but significantly lower than that of intact embryos but was the same as that of the no zFRAP control.In addition, the pups derived from zFRAP analyzed zygotes seemed healthy and fully developed. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to wait for the other expansion. All budget objectorance to avoid focus drift.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding on how to analyze chromatin looseness in zygotes.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion (FDAP)

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

光変換後の蛍光減衰を使用して生活ゼブラフィッシュ胚におけるタンパク質の安定性の測定（FDAP）

Protein stability influences many aspects of biology, and measuring the clearance kinetics of proteins can provide important insights into biological ...

発生生物学

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq

クロマチンレギュレータと米国でのゲノムワイドスナップショット<em&gt;アフリカツメガエル</emChIPの-配列によって&gt;胚

The recruitment of chromatin regulators and the assignment of chromatin states to specific genomic loci are pivotal to cell fate decisions and tissue and ...

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

モデルマメに初期胚発生の調節を研究するための接合体と体細胞胚を得るためのプロトコル<em&gt;のMedicago truncatula</em

Early embryogenesis starting from a single cell zygote goes through rapid cell division and morphogenesis, and is morphologically characterized by ...

Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Development using Immunofluorescence in Embryonic Mouse Heart

胚性マウスの心臓に免疫蛍光を用いて、心筋細胞の開発の分析

During heart development, the generation of myocardial-specific structural and functional units including sarcomeres, contractile myofibrils, intercalated ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

エバンスブルー色素でゼブラフィッシュ幼生骨格筋の整合性の分析

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Antral Oocytes Based on Nucleolar Chromatin Organization

核小体クロマチン組織に基づいてマウス洞卵母細胞の単離とキャラクタリゼーション

This protocol describes a simple and quick method to isolate and characterize mouse antral GV (Germinal Vesicle) oocytes as able (SN, Surrounded ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Kidney Development with Time-lapse Imaging Using a Dissecting Microscope Equipped for Optical Sectioning

解剖顕微鏡を使用したタイムラプスイメージングとゼブラフィッシュ腎臓の開発の分析は、光学切片のための装備します

In order to understand organogenesis, the spatial and temporal alterations that occur during development of tissues need to be recorded. The method ...

Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Image Zebrafish Eye Development

イメージゼブラフィッシュアイ開発にライトシート蛍光顕微鏡を用いて、

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is gaining more and more popularity as a method to image embryonic development. The main advantages of LSFM ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

開発<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;アッセイは、間葉細胞受けた上皮間葉移行の収縮機能を評価します

Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

核の分布、蛋白質および細胞骨格を研究する線虫生殖細胞の解析

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...