Name: zygotic fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis for chromatin looseness that allows full-term development
Uploaded: 2018-06-12T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development at JoVE.com

우리 감사 사토시 Kishigami, 사야카 와카야마, 히로 아키 Nagatomo, 사토시의 카 미 무라, 그리고가 나 Kishida 중요 한 의견 및 기술 지원 제공. 이 작품의 지;에 국립 대학 개혁을 승진 시키기를 위한 교육, 문화, 스포츠, 과학 및 기술 프로그램에 의해 부분적으로 투자 되었다 과학 (16 H 02593)의 승진, 아사 다 과학 재단과 T.W. 다케다 과학 재단에 대 한 일본 사회 Funders 연구 설계, 데이터 수집 및 분석, 결정 게시 또는 원고의 준비에 전혀 역할을 했다.

이 연구는 관심과 야마나시 대학의 실험 동물의 사용에 대 한 가이드에서 권장 사항을 따라에서 수행 되었다. 프로토콜 야마나시 대학의 동물 실험 윤리 위원회에 의해 승인 되었다 (허가 번호: A24-50). 모든 수술 tribromoethanol 마 취하에 수행 했다 하 고 고통을 최소화 하기 위해 모든 노력 했다. 절차 및 타임 테이블의 그림된 개요는 각각 그림 1 및 표 1에 표시 됩?...

<ol>
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이 연구에서 밝혀, zFRAP 분석 전체 용어 개발,이 방법은 분자 이벤트와 배아 발달 잠재력 사이 협회를 공개 하는 매우 유용한 도구 제안에 중요 한 손상을 발생 하지 않습니다. 그 세포의 차동 잠재력 된다 2 셀 단계 배아의 높은 ES 세포의 상태 처럼 2 셀으로 프로그래밍 하는 동안 chromatin 설사 변경으로 2 세포 단계 태아5와 비교 합니다. 따라서, zygotic chromatin 설사 배아 발달 잠재력...

수정, 후 염색 질 구조를 동적으로 변경 하 고 zygotic 염색 질 구조는 다음 결국 설립된1,2. 아버지 pronuclei에이 기간 동안 지배적인 chromatin 단백질 히스톤으로 protamine에서 변경 됩니다. 결과 chromatin sperms와 몇 가지 포인트 (예, 히스톤 변형 구성, 히스톤 수정) 여성 oocytes에서 매우 다르다. 따라서, 형성된 zygotic chromatin 이후의 배아 발달에 대 한 중요 한 것으로 생각 된다. 그러나, 오랜 기간 동안 zygotic chromatin 구조의 세부 정보를 공개 하는 노력에 불구 하 고 방법을 zygotes의 품질을 평가 하거나 1 셀 단계에서 그들의 전체-용어 개발의 염색 질 구조를 분석 하 여 예측 하는 적 설립.
이전 연구에서 그것은 발견을 zygotes 매우 느슨하게 chromatin 구조3. 현재, chromatin 풀림 또는 개방 세포 분화 배아 줄기 (ES) 세포4잠재력에 대 한 중요 한 요소가 될 여겨진다. ES 세포 자연, 동질성을 전시 하지 않습니다 하지만 오히려 다른 유형의; ES 세포 식민지, 일부 정도 높은 감 별 법 잠재력 blastomeres 2 셀 단계 배아의 비교를 획득. 상태 처럼 2 셀으로이 전환 중 ES에서 chromatin 설사 2 세포 단계 태아5와 비교에 변화 세포. 따라서, chromatin 설사 세포질 감 별 법 잠재력과 그것은 가능한 광범위 하 게 chromatin zygotes에서 열리는 중요 한 것 zygotic 개발 잠재력의 평가 위해 유용 하는 것 같다.
라이브 영상 때문에이 메서드는 후속 개발 및도 전체 용어 개발6수 있습니다 ontogenesis 동안 분자 이벤트의 분석을 허용 하는 강력한 도구입니다. 라이브 이미징 방법 중 하나로 FRAP 분석 preimplantation 배아와 ES 세포3,,45chromatin 설사 검사를 사용 되었습니다. Zygotic chromatin 설사 FRAP 분석 개발 전체-용어에 해로운 효과 없이 분석할 수 있습니다, 만약 1 셀 단계에서 배아의 품질 평가 대 한 유용한 도구 수 있습니다. 그러나,이 실험 방법으로 전체 용어 개발에 효과 있다 하지 조사 되었습니다. 최근, FRAP를 사용 하 여 zygotic chromatin 풀림을 평가 하는 실험 시스템 개발 되었다. 왜냐하면이 zygotes 위한 새로운 관측 시스템, 그것 zygotic FRAP (zFRAP) 되 나 했다. zFRAP 전체 용어 개발을 비판적으로 미치지 않았다 고 되었습니다 보고 다른 곳에서7. 이 보고서에서이 실험 방법의 프로토콜을 설명 합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1022">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:260px;">Confocal laser scaning microscope</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FV1200</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">FV1000 can be also used for FRAP analysis (reference #7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Thermo plate</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Tokai Hit</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP-110RH26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IX71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Micro manupilator</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MMO-202ND</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Pieze Micro Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Prime tech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PMAS-CT150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">35 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Falcom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351008</td>
			<td>35 x 100 mm style; for IVF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">60 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Falcom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351007</td>
			<td>60 x 15 mm style; for embryo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">50 mm culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Falcom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">351006</td>
			<td>50 x 9 mm style; for manipulation on the stage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">50 mm glass bottom dish</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Matsunami</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D910400</td>
			<td>50 mm dish, 27 mm &#966; hole size; for FRAP analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Organic spceiality chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">625071</td>
			<td>For FRAP analysis on the glass bottom dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8410-1L</td>
			<td>For IVF and embryo culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Drummond</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1-000-1000</td>
			<td>For handling mouse zygotes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Borosilicate glass</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Prime tech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B100-75-10-PT</td>
			<td>For microinjection of mRNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">Micropipett puller</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sutter instrument</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P-97/IVF</td>
			<td style="width:435px;">For preparation of the injection or holding neadle (out side diameter: 80 &#181;m, inner diameter: 10 &#181;m)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Microforge</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">&#160;Narishige</td>
			<td>MF-900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">mMESSAGE MACHINE SP6 Transcription kit</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Thermo 
			Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM1340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">Poly (A) tailing kit</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Thermo 
			Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM1350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">PVP solution 10% (PVP-HTF)</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">IrvineSceientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">99311</td>
			<td>HEPES buffered HTF containing 10% PVP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Sodium HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3784</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">pTOPO eGFP-H2B</td>
			<td style="width:208px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Template plasmid for eGFP-H2B mRNA (reference #6)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:260px;">NorthernMax Gly Sample loading Dye&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Thermo 
			Fisher scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AM8551</td>
			<td>For electrophoresis of in vitro transcribed mRNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Phenol chloroform isamyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">nacalai tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25970-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">nacalai tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">&#160;08401-65</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Not I</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">TOYOBO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NOT-111X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">Ethachinmate</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">WAKO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">318-01793</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:260px;">3664 Otical power meter</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Hioki</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3664</td>
			<td>&#160;Power meter for laser power</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:260px;">Stereomicmicroscope</td>
			<td style="width:208px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SZX16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

zygotic fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching analysis for chromatin looseness that allows full-term development

라이브 영상 ontogenesis 동안 분자 이벤트의 분석을 허용 하는 강력한 도구입니다. 최근, chromatin 풀림 또는 개방 만능 배아 줄기 세포의 세포질 감 별 법 잠재력에 포함 될 표시 되었습니다. 그것은 이전에 비해 알려졌다 배아 줄기 세포와 zygotes 항구 그들의 totipotency와의 연결을 제안 하는 매우 느슨하게 chromatin 구조를. 그러나, 지금까지 그것은 되지 해결 되었습니다이 매우 느슨하게/오픈 chromatin 구조 배아 발달 잠재력에 대 한 중요 한 인지. 현재 연구에서이 가설을 시험 하는 실험 시스템 형광에 의해 분석 된 어떤 zygotes 사진 표백 후 복구 기간 어떤 뜻깊은 손상도 없이 개발할 수 있는 개발 되었다. 중요 한 것은,이 실험적인 시스템만 보온병 플레이트 히터 confocal 레이저 스캐닝 현미경 이외에 필요 합니다. 이 연구의 결과 분석 (FRAP) 분석 사진 표백 zygotic chromatin에서 분자 이벤트 전체 기간 개발에 대 한 중요 한 인지 조사를 사용할 수 있는 후 그 형광 복구를 좋습니다.

eGFP H2B zFRAP 분석
제대로 생산 mRNA eGFP-H2B, 미행 (그림 2A) 폴 리로 인 한 이동된 밴드 볼, 인코딩 수정 (그림 2B) 후 1-3 h 2 극 시체 zygotes의 세포질으로 주입 했다. 8 12 수정 후 h, 2 pronuclei eGFP H2B의 식을 보여주는 함께 zygotes 수집 하 고 zFRAP 분석 (그림 2C)를 받게 했다. ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development at JoVE.com

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development

Chromatin 설사 blastomeres의 발달 잠재력에 관련 된 것 처럼 보인다. 그러나, 그것은 알 수 없습니다 여부 chromatin 설사 배아에 대 한 발달 잠재력에 대 한 신뢰할 수 있는 인덱스로 사용할 수 있습니다. 여기, chromatin 설사 평가 zygotes 만기를 개발할 수 있는 실험 시스템 설명 하고있다.

Zygotic 형광 복구 사진 표백 후 전체 기간 개발을 허용 하는 Chromatin 풀림에 대 한 분석

Live imaging is a powerful tool that allows for the analysis of molecular events during ontogenesis. Recently, chromatin looseness or openness has been ...

The overall goal of this zygotic FRAP or zFRAP is to examine the association between zygotic chromatin looseness and embryonic development potential to term. This method can help answer key questions in the developmental biology field, such as embryonic development. The main advantage of this technique is that it allows the analyzed zygote to develop to full term without significant damage.Visual demonstration of this method is critical as the zFRAP analysis steps are difficult to learn because the experimental condition setting and operation for this analysis are very complex. After preparing eGFP-H2B RNA according to the text protocol, use nuclease-free water to dilute it to 250 nanograms per microliter. In a 60-millimeter dish, place two to three drops each of PVP-HTF, five to six drops of Hepes-buffered CZB, and eGFP-H2B mRNA.Then, use mineral oil to cover the drops. Using a pipette puller, pull borosilicate glass. After breaking the tip, use a microforge to bend the glass pipette to around 30 degrees.Prior to microinjection, confirm that the plate heater on the stage of the micromanipulator is off to prevent killing the zygotes during mRNA injection. Then, using 10%PVP-HTF, wash and coat the inside of the injection needles. Next from the tips fill the glass capillaries with the diluted eGFP-H2B mRNA.Collect the fertilized zygotes with a second polar body, and transfer 20 to 25 of them on to the chamber of the microscope stage. Then, with a holding pipette, hold the zygote and break the zona pellucida and the cytosolic membrane with a piezo drive. Inject about 10 picoliters of mRNA into the cytoplasm of each zygote.Complete the injections within 10 minutes to prevent damage caused by culturing the zygotes outside of the incubator. 10 minutes after microinjection, wash the zygotes in at least three drops of CZB and culture them at 38 degrees Celsius until FRAP analysis. One hour prior to zFRAP analysis, turn on the laser and hot plate attached to the stage of the confocal microscope.Set the temperature to 38 degrees Celsius. On a 60-millimeter glass-bottomed dish, pipette six to 10 microliters of Hepes-buffered CZB medium and cover it with mineral oil. Then, warm the dish on the heater until zygote collection.To make it easy to find the zygote with the confocal microscope, it is important to put the drops throughout the center of the dish. Eight to 12 hours after insemination, collect five to 10 eGFP-H2B expressing zygotes and transfer them to a six to 10-microliter drop of pre-warmed Hepes-buffered CZB medium. To perform a precise quantitative analysis it is important to put the zygote toward the center of the Hepes-buffered CZB drops.Set the bleaching and imaging conditions according to the manufacturer's instructions. For example, under Acquisition Setting, set the scanning speed to four microseconds per pixel and the size to five hundred and twelve. Increase the digital zoom to five, open the DyeList"and choose eGFP"Then, set the observation time to one point six seconds and the number of pictures to 12.Next, start the Stimulus Setting"panel and on UseScanner"click Main"Set the scanning speed to 10 microseconds per pixel. Click Activation in Series"Set PreActivation"to three frames and activation time to five seconds. Then, click Focus x2"and click Stop"Under the stimulus setting panel click Clip Rect"Set the ROI to 40 by 40 pixels.Click Time"and XY"Then, use an optical power meter to access the laser power. It is important to have the lights turned off when measuring the laser. After adjusting the laser gage to set the bleaching and imaging laser power, on the toolbar click Live"and then start Live Plot"Place the oil on the objective lens.Set the chamber on the stage and then find the zygotes in the drops. After finding zygotes, determine the ROI position by clicking Focus x2"And then in the Live Plot"window adjust the HV power gage for the eGFP"channel fluorescence intensity to around 2, 000. To start the zFRAP analysis, click XY"After FRAP analysis, click Series Done"Obtain the FRAP analyzed data, then click on Save As"to save the file 2D View image"as a preferred named file.Use Copy"ROI and Paste"ROI to prepare a reference region and to background respectively. Next, select ROI, REF, and BG, and then in the 2D View"image window, click Series Analysis"Obtain RoFRAP data and then in the Live Plot"window click the Save"button. Carry out data calculations according to the text protocol.Eight to 12 hours after insemination, zygotes with two pronucleai showing the expression of eGFP-H2B"were collected and subjected to zFRAP analysis. After bleaching, the intensity of the eGFP-H2B fluorescent signal recovered slightly because of the inflow of eGFP-H2B into the ROI from the unbleached area in the nucleoplasm. Recovery curves reveal that male pronucleai recovered more quickly and with more mobile fractions than female pronucleai.As demonstrated in these images and graph, after zFRAP analysis, washed and cultured zygotes in CZB medium developed to the blastocyst stage without significant damage. To analyze the full term development, embryos at the two-cell stage were transferred into the ovoducts of pseudo-pregnant mothers. As reported in this table, the birth rate of zFRAP analyzed embryos was slightly, but significantly lower than that of intact embryos but was the same as that of the no zFRAP control.In addition, the pups derived from zFRAP analyzed zygotes seemed healthy and fully developed. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to wait for the other expansion. All budget objectorance to avoid focus drift.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding on how to analyze chromatin looseness in zygotes.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion (FDAP)

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

광 변환 한 후 형광 붕괴를 사용하여 생활 Zebrafish의 태아의 단백질 안정성을 측정 (FDAP)

Protein stability influences many aspects of biology, and measuring the clearance kinetics of proteins can provide important insights into biological ...

연구

발생학

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq

Genome-wide Snapshot of Chromatin Regulators and States in Xenopus Embryos by ChIP-Seq

염색질 레귤레이터 및 미국에서의 게놈 전체의 스냅 샷<em&gt; 아프리카 발톱 개구리</em칩 서열 번호&gt; 태아

The recruitment of chromatin regulators and the assignment of chromatin states to specific genomic loci are pivotal to cell fate decisions and tissue and ...

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

모델 콩과 식물에서 초기 배아 발달의 규정 유학을위한 접합체 및 체세포 배아를 얻기위한 프로토콜<em&gt; Medicago truncatula</em

Early embryogenesis starting from a single cell zygote goes through rapid cell division and morphogenesis, and is morphologically characterized by ...

Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Development using Immunofluorescence in Embryonic Mouse Heart

배아 마우스 마음에 면역 형광을 이용하여 심근 개발 분석

During heart development, the generation of myocardial-specific structural and functional units including sarcomeres, contractile myofibrils, intercalated ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

에반스 블루 염료와 Zebrafish의 애벌레 골격 근육 무결성 분석

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Antral Oocytes Based on Nucleolar Chromatin Organization

핵소체 염색질 조직을 바탕으로 마우스 전 정부 난 모세포의 분리 및 특성

This protocol describes a simple and quick method to isolate and characterize mouse antral GV (Germinal Vesicle) oocytes as able (SN, Surrounded ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Kidney Development with Time-lapse Imaging Using a Dissecting Microscope Equipped for Optical Sectioning

해부 현미경을 사용하여 시간 경과 영상과 Zebrafish의 신장 개발의 분석 광학 단면에 대한 장착

In order to understand organogenesis, the spatial and temporal alterations that occur during development of tissues need to be recorded. The method ...

Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy to Image Zebrafish Eye Development

이미지 Zebrafish의 눈 개발에 가벼운 시트 형광 현미경을 사용하여

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is gaining more and more popularity as a method to image embryonic development. The main advantages of LSFM ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Evaluate Contractile Function of Mesenchymal Cells that Underwent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

개발<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 분석은 중간 엽 세포를 시행 한 상피 - 중간 엽 전환의 수축 기능을 평가하는

Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

꼬마 선 충 생식 핵의 분포, 단백질, 및 골격을 전산 분석

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...