Name: micro-dissection of enamel organ from mandibular incisor of rats exposed to environmental toxicants
Uploaded: 2018-03-29T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble finansiert av universitetet Paris-Diderot, fransk National Institute of Health og medisinsk forskning (INSERM) og det franske institutt for Odontological Research (IFRO).

Alle dyrene brukes studien ble opprettholdt i henhold til retningslinjer og bruk av forsøksdyr fra franske departementet av landbruket (A-75-06-12).
1. dyr eksponering for giftstoffer
<ol><li>Før du utfører denne protokollen, nødvendig institusjonelle godkjenning og gjerne overholde alle dyr omsorg retningslinjer.</li>
	<li>Bruke utformingen av forskning protokollen tillater Grunnloven av ulike eksperimentelle grupper for å teste effekten av molecule(s) undersøkt på ameloblast utskill...

<ol>
	<li>Jedeon, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enamel+defects+reflect+perinatal+exposure+to+bisphenol+A.">Enamel defects reflect perinatal exposure to bisphenol A.</a> Am J Pathol. 183, 108-118 (2013).</li><li>Jedeon, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+Exposure+to+Bisphenol+a+Exacerbates+Dental+Fluorosis+in+Growing+Rats.">Chronic Exposure to Bisphenol a Exacerbates Dental Fluorosis in Growing Rats.</a> J Bone Miner Res. 31, 1955-1966 (2016).</li><li>Alaluusua, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+dental+aberrations+after+the+dioxin+accident+in+Seveso.">Developmental dental aberrations after the dioxin accident in Seveso.</a> Environ Health Perspect. 112, 1313-1318 (2004).</li><li>Chapple, I. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+of+lifestyle,+behaviour+or+systemic+diseases+with+dental+caries+and+periodontal+diseases:+consensus+report+of+group+2+of+the+joint+EFP/ORCA+workshop+on+the+boundaries+between+caries+and+periodontal+diseases.">Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases.</a> J Clin Periodontol. 44, S39-S51 (2017).</li><li>Nanci, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enamel:+Composition,+Formation,+and+Structure.">Enamel: Composition, Formation, and Structure.</a> Ten Cate's Oral Histology Development, Structure, and Function. , 122-164 (2012).</li><li>Leite, G. A., Sawan, R. M., Teofilo, J. M., Porto, I. M., Sousa, F. B., Gerlach, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exposure+to+lead+exacerbates+dental+fluorosis.">Exposure to lead exacerbates dental fluorosis.</a> Arch Oral Biol. 56, 695-702 (2011).</li><li>Jedeon, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enamel+hypomineralization+due+to+endocrine+disruptors.">Enamel hypomineralization due to endocrine disruptors.</a> Connect Tiss Res. 55, 1-5 (2014).</li><li>Jedeon, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Androgen+receptor+involvement+in+rat+amelogenesis:+an+additional+way+for+endocrine+disrupting+chemicals+to+affect+enamel+synthesis.">Androgen receptor involvement in rat amelogenesis: an additional way for endocrine disrupting chemicals to affect enamel synthesis.</a> Endocrinology. 157, 4287-4296 (2016).</li><li>Weerheijm, K. L., Jalevik, B., Alaluusua, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molar-incisor+hypomineralisation.">Molar-incisor hypomineralisation.</a> Caries Res. 35, 390-391 (2001).</li><li>J&#228;levik, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevalence+and+Diagnosis+of+Molar-Incisor-+Hypomineralisation+(MIH):+A+systematic+review.">Prevalence and Diagnosis of Molar-Incisor- Hypomineralisation (MIH): A systematic review.</a> Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 11, 59-64 (2010).</li><li>Alaluusua, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aetiology+of+Molar-Incisor+Hypomineralisation:+A+systematic+review.">Aetiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation: A systematic review.</a> Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 11, 53-58 (2010).</li><li>Jedeon, K., Berdal, A., Babajko, S., Gibert, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+tooth,+target+organ+of+Bisphenol+A,+could+be+used+as+a+biomarker+of+exposure+to+this+agent.">The tooth, target organ of Bisphenol A, could be used as a biomarker of exposure to this agent.</a> Bisphenol A: Sources, Risks of Environmental Exposure and Human Health Effects. , 205-225 (2015).</li><li>Fejerskov, O., Larsen, M. J., Richards, A., Baelum, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dental+tissue+effects+of+fluoride.">Dental tissue effects of fluoride.</a> Adv Dent Res. 8, 15-31 (1994).</li><li>Robinson, C., Connell, S., Kirkham, J., Brookes, S. J., Shore, R. C., Smith, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+fluoride+on+the+developing+tooth.">The effect of fluoride on the developing tooth.</a> Caries Res. 38, 268-276 (2004).</li><li>Sahlberg, C., Pavlic, A., Ess, A., Lukinmaa, P. L., Salmela, E., Alaluusua, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combined+effect+of+amoxicillin+and+sodium+fluoride+on+the+structure+of+developing+mouse+enamel+in+vitro.">Combined effect of amoxicillin and sodium fluoride on the structure of developing mouse enamel in vitro.</a> Arch Oral Biol. 58, 1155-1164 (2013).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Euthanasia+of+neonatal+rats+with+carbon+dioxide.">Euthanasia of neonatal rats with carbon dioxide.</a> J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 48, 23-27 (2009).</li><li>Hiller, C. R., Robinson, C., Weatherell, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variations+in+the+composition+of+developing+rat+incisor+enamel.">Variations in the composition of developing rat incisor enamel.</a> Calcif Tissue Res. 18, 1-12 (1975).</li><li>Robinson, C., Kirkham, J., Nutman, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+enamel+formation+and+eruption+rate+in+rat+mandibular+incisors.">Relationship between enamel formation and eruption rate in rat mandibular incisors.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 254, 655-658 (1988).</li><li>Smith, C. E., Nanci, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+sampling+the+stages+of+amelogenesis+on+mandibular+rat+incisors+using+the+molars+as+a+reference+for+dissection.">A method for sampling the stages of amelogenesis on mandibular rat incisors using the molars as a reference for dissection.</a> Anat Rec. 225, 257-266 (1989).</li><li>Chavez, M. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+dental+epithelial+stem+cells+from+the+adult+mouse+incisor.">Isolation and culture of dental epithelial stem cells from the adult mouse incisor.</a> J Vis Exp. (87), (2014).</li><li>Brookes, S. J., Kingswell, N. J., Barron, M. J., Dixon, M. J., Kirkham, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+the+32-kDa+fragment+the+functional+enamelin+unit+in+all+species?.">Is the 32-kDa fragment the functional enamelin unit in all species?.</a> Eur J Oral Sci. 119, 345-350 (2011).</li><li>Babajko, S., Jedeon, K., Houari, S., Loiodice, S., Berdal, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disruption+of+Steroid+Axis,+a+New+Paradigm+for+Molar+Incisor+Hypomineralization+(MIH).">Disruption of Steroid Axis, a New Paradigm for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH).</a> Front Physiol. 8, 343 (2017).</li><li>Houari, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asporin+and+the+mineralization+process+in+fluoride-treated+rats.">Asporin and the mineralization process in fluoride-treated rats.</a> J Bone Min Res. 29, 1446-1455 (2014).</li><li>Denbesten, P., Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+fluoride+toxicity:+dental+fluorosis.">Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis.</a> Monographs in oral science. 22, 81-96 (2011).</li><li>Kirkham, J., Robinson, C., Phull, J. K., Shore, R. C., Moxham, B. J., Berkovitz, B. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+rate+of+eruption+on+periodontal+ligament+glycosylaminoglycan+content+and+enamel+formation+in+the+rat+incisor.">The effect of rate of eruption on periodontal ligament glycosylaminoglycan content and enamel formation in the rat incisor.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 274, 413-419 (1993).</li><li>Lacruz, R. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+novel+candidate+genes+involved+in+mineralization+of+dental+enamel+by+genome-wide+transcript+profiling.">Identification of novel candidate genes involved in mineralization of dental enamel by genome-wide transcript profiling.</a> J Cell Physiol. 227, 2264-2275 (2012).</li><li>Wen, X., Paine, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Iron+deposition+and+ferritin+heavy+chain+(Fth)+localization+in+rodent+teeth.">Iron deposition and ferritin heavy chain (Fth) localization in rodent teeth.</a> BMC research notes. 6, 1 (2013).</li><li>Houari, S., Loiodice, S., Jedeon, K., Berdal, A., Babajko, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+Steroid+Receptors+in+Ameloblasts+during+Amelogenesis+in+Rat+Incisors.">Expression of Steroid Receptors in Ameloblasts during Amelogenesis in Rat Incisors.</a> Front Physiol. 7, 503 (2016).</li><li>Kawano, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+dental+epithelial+cell+line+(HAT-7)+and+the+cell+differentiation+dependent+on+Notch+signaling+pathway.">Establishment of dental epithelial cell line (HAT-7) and the cell differentiation dependent on Notch signaling pathway.</a> Connect Tissue Res. 43, 409-412 (2002).</li><li>Zhou, Y. L., Snead, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+CCAAT/enhancer-binding+protein+alpha+as+a+transactivator+of+the+mouse+amelogenin+gene.">Identification of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha as a transactivator of the mouse amelogenin gene.</a> J Biol Chem. 275, 12273-12280 (2000).</li><li>Nakata, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+and+characterization+of+a+spontaneously+immortalized+mouse+ameloblast-lineage+cell+line.">Establishment and characterization of a spontaneously immortalized mouse ameloblast-lineage cell line.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 308, 834-839 (2003).</li><li>Harada, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+ameloblastoma+cell+line,+AM-1.">Establishment of ameloblastoma cell line, AM-1.</a> Journal of oral pathology &amp; medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 27, 207-212 (1998).</li><li>Jussila, M., Thesleff, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling+networks+regulating+tooth+organogenesis+and+regeneration,+and+the+specification+of+dental+mesenchymal+and+epithelial+cell+lineages.">Signaling networks regulating tooth organogenesis and regeneration, and the specification of dental mesenchymal and epithelial cell lineages.</a> Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 4, a008425 (2012).</li><li>Tucker, A., Sharpe, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cutting-edge+of+mammalian+development;+how+the+embryo+makes+teeth.">The cutting-edge of mammalian development; how the embryo makes teeth.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 5, 499-508 (2004).</li><li>Vos, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Years+lived+with+disability+(YLDs)+for+1160+sequelae+of+289+diseases+and+injuries+1990-2010:+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2010.">Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.</a> Lancet. 380, 2163-2196 (2012).</li><li>Marcenes, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Global+burden+of+oral+conditions+in+1990-2010:+a+systematic+analysis.">Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis.</a> J Dent Res. 92, 592-597 (2013).</li><li>. Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) in Adults (Age 20 to 64) Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/DentalCariesAdults20to64.htm">https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/DataStatistics/FindDataByTopic/DentalCaries/DentalCariesAdults20to64.htm</a> (2017)</li></ol>

Endret ameloblast aktivitet og/eller forstyrret ameloblast spredning, differensiering og modning prosesser bly irreversibel emalje feil og, igjen, karakterisering av emalje defekter kan bidra til å utvikle forståelse av endrede ameloblast aktivitet i amelogenesis. Dermed er studier på isolerte emalje orgel avgjørende å belyse patologisk hendelser som førte til emalje feil hva deres opprinnelse, miljø eller genetisk.
Denne teknikken har opprinnelig blitt beskrevet av Hiller et al.</e...

Mange utviklingsmessige emalje feil kan skyldes eksponering for miljømessige giftstoffer og/eller upassende livsstil1,2,3,4. Karakteristikk av forstyrre hendelser og molekyler av amelogenesis ved hjelp av tiden beskrevet prosedyren vil fremme bruk av resulterende emalje defekter som tidlig markører for eksponering for flere giftstoffer, og kan hjelpe for å gjeninnføre historie helse hver pasient i perinatalperioden når emaljen er synthetized1,2. Emalje syntese kan deles inn i fire hovedfaser avhengig av ameloblast aktivitet5. Det første trinnet regroups forløper celler og pre-ameloblast spredning. Under det andre steget er skiller differensiert ameloblasts emalje matrix proteiner (Samkjøringsmodellen), hovedsakelig amelogenin, enamelin og ameloblastin, som bestemmer tykkelsen på siste emalje. Dermed fører eventuelle avbrudd i EMP syntese kvantitative feil av emalje. Etter at Cospatric av full emalje tykkelsen begynner modning scenen. I denne fasen tillater apatitt crystallite vekst i bredde og tykkelse emaljen å nå den høyeste mineralisering forholdet i en biologisk vev, med opptil 96% av vekten. Forstyrre hendelser som oppstår under modning scenen føre til kvalitativ emalje defekter. Endelig ameloblasts angi en fase av etter modning, også kalt pigmentering i Red, og gjennomgår apoptose under tann utbrudd gjør emalje feil (hvis noen) ubotelig og uhelbredelig, dermed mangler gir potensielle retrospektiv opptak av ameloblast understreker. Gnagere følger amelogenesis en lignende hendelsessekvens med particularity som vokser kontinuerlig sine fortenner, noe som gjør dem en passende modell å studere den generelle prosessen med amelogenesis. Dermed resulterer eventuelle avbrudd i amelogenesis i endringer av emalje kvalitet og/eller antall, avhengig av gang-vinduet i hendelsen forstyrre. I den forstand, eksponering for dioksin, bly og endokrine-forstyrre kjemikalier (EDCs) som bisfenol A (BPA), genistein og vinclozolin, har vist seg å generere emalje hypomineralizations1,2,3 ,6,7,8. Asymmetrisk hvite ugjennomsiktig flekker ble identifisert på fortenner av rotter utsatt for en lav dose BPA dose i fosterets perioden og den første måneden etter fødselen1. Disse emalje defekter i rotter, og de av menneskelig molar helikopteret hypomineralization (MIH), dele lignende klinisk, strukturelle og biokjemiske egenskaper. MIH er en nylig beskrevet dental emaljen patologi, for som etiologien fortsatt uklart9,10 til tross for mange årsaksfaktorer har vært hypotetiske9,10,11 ,12.
En annen viktig emalje hypomineralization patologi miljømessige faktorene er dental fluorosis (DF), som er en konsekvens av overdreven fluor absorpsjon (> 0,1 mg/kg/dag)13,14. Den viktigste kilden av fluor er drikkevann som er supplert eller naturlig beriket med fluor. Fluor er også ofte foreskrevet for å forhindre tannråte, men forebyggende dosen er bare 50% lavere enn toksisk one (≤0.05 mg/kg/dag). MIH og DF, to hyppige patologi skyldes eksponering for miljømessige faktorer, kan presentere fellestrekk som skal være preget på grunn av potensiering hypomineralizing effekter av fluor kombinert med andre giftstoffer som EDCs2 eller amoxicillin15.
Mikro-Disseksjon av rotte emalje organ som inneholder ameloblasts på ulike differensiering stadier hjelper for å forstå virkningsmekanismen av molekyler kunne forstyrre ameloblast aktivitet og forårsake emalje feil diagnostiseres etter tann utbruddet. Med andre ord, karakterisering av endringer av emalje gene expression og emalje matrix sammensetning på grunn av miljømessige giftstoffer kan rekonstituering historie eksponering for giftstoffer, og forenkler miljø sikkerhet overvåking for offentligheten helse.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Bisphenol A</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis MO</td>
			<td>239658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>formalin 10%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO</td>
			<td>HT5012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tri-Reagent</td>
			<td>Euromedex, France</td>
			<td>TR118</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RLT buffer</td>
			<td>Qiagen, Les Ulis, France</td>
			<td>74126</td>
			<td>RNeasy Protect Mini Kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Androgen receptor antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA)</td>
			<td>sc-816</td>
			<td>rabbit polyclonal antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS 10x</td>
			<td>EUOMEDEX</td>
			<td>ET330.A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium fluoride (NaF)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO</td>
			<td>S-1504</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraplast regular</td>
			<td>Leica microsystems, Nanterre cedex,&#160;France</td>
			<td>39601006</td>
			<td>called was/parafin in the text</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tissue OCT</td>
			<td>VWR, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France</td>
			<td>411243</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra Fine Bonn Scissors - Straight/8.5 cm</td>
			<td>PHYMEP , Paris, France</td>
			<td>14084-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Handle for Scalpel Blades - 12.5 cm</td>
			<td>PHYMEP, Paris, France</td>
			<td>10035-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td>PHYMEP , Paris, France</td>
			<td>10035-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting Knife - Fine/Straight Tip</td>
			<td>PHYMEP , Paris, France</td>
			<td>10055-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Circle Knife</td>
			<td>PHYMEP, Paris, France</td>
			<td>10059-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>scalpel blades n&#176;11 Swann-Morton</td>
			<td>VWR, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France</td>
			<td>233-0024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>binocular lens</td>
			<td>Leica biosystems, Nanterre cedex,&#160;France</td>
			<td>MZFLIII</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

micro-dissection of enamel organ from mandibular incisor of rats exposed to environmental toxicants

Emalje feil skyldes miljøforhold og levemåter er offentlig helse bekymringer deres høy utbredelse. Disse feilene skyldes endret aktiviteten til celler ansvarlig for emalje syntese kalt ameloblasts, som finnes i emalje orgel. Under amelogenesis følge ameloblasts en spesifikk og presis hendelsessekvens spredning, differensiering og død. Rotte stadig voksende fortenner er en passende eksperimentell modell å studere ameloblast aktivitet og differensiering stadier i fysiologiske og patologiske tilstander. Her beskriver vi en pålitelig og konsekvent metode å mikro-analysere emalje organ for rotter utsatt for miljømessig giftstoffer. Mikro-dissekert dental epithelia inneholder sekresjon og modning scenen ameloblasts som kan brukes for kvalitativ eksperimenter, som immunohistochemistry analyser og i situ hybridisering, og kvantitative analyser som RT-qPCR, RNA-seq og vestlige blotting.

Mange emalje defekter, tannlege fluorosis12,13, kan skyldes miljømessige forhold på grunn av overdreven fluor absorpsjon eller emalje hypomineralization lik MIH skyldes eksponering for noe EDCs1, 7,22. Disse utviklingsmessige emalje feilene kan reproduseres eksperimentelt på rotter (figur 1),<sup class="x...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants at JoVE.com

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Forstå emalje dannelse og mulige endringer krever studiet av ameloblast aktivitet. Her beskriver vi en pålitelig og konsekvent metode å mikro-analysere emalje organer som inneholder sekresjon og modning scenen ameloblasts som kan brukes for ytterligere kvantitative og kvalitative eksperimentelle prosedyrer.

Mikro-Disseksjon av emalje orgel fra Mandibular helikopteret rotter utsatt for miljømessig giftstoffer

Enamel defects resulting from environmental conditions and ways of life are public health concerns because of their high prevalence. These defects result ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation

Murine Hornhinnen Transplantasjon: En modell for å studere den vanligste formen for organtransplantasjon

Corneal transplantation is the most common form of organ transplantation in the United States with between 45,000 and 55,000 procedures performed each ...

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt

Teknikken med svinekjøtt Liver anskaffelser og ortotopiske Transplantasjon ved hjelp av en Active Porto-Caval Shunt

The success of liver transplantation has resulted in a dramatic organ shortage. Each year, a considerable number of patients on the liver transplantation ...

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

Automatisert Måling av lungeemfysem og Small Airway Ombygging i sigarettrøyk utsatte Mus

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1).  Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that ...

Cardiac Catheterization in Mice to Measure the Pressure Volume Relationship: Investigating the Bowditch Effect

Hjertekateterisering i Mus for å måle trykket Volume Forholdet: Gransker Bowditch Effect

Animal models that mimic human cardiac disorders have been created to test potential therapeutic strategies. A key component to evaluating these ...

Murine Prostate Micro-dissection and Surgical Castration

Murine Prostata Micro-disseksjon og kirurgisk kastrering

Mouse models are used extensively to study prostate cancer and other diseases. The mouse is an excellent model with which to study the prostate and has ...

Generation of Organ-conditioned Media and Applications for Studying Organ-specific Influences on Breast Cancer Metastatic Behavior

Generering av Organ med klimaanlegg Media og programmer for å studere organspesifikk Influences på Breast Cancer Metastatisk Behavior

Breast cancer preferentially metastasizes to the lymph node, bone, lung, brain and liver in breast cancer patients. Previous research efforts have focused ...

Isolation and Cultivation of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats

Isolasjon og dyrking av mandibulær benmarg Mesenchymale stamceller hos rotter

Here we present an efficient method for isolating and culturing mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in vitro to rapidly obtain numerous ...

Operating Transverse Aortic Constriction with Absorbable Suture to Obtain Transient Myocardial Hypertrophy

Bruk av tverrgående aortakonstriksjon med absorberbar sutur for å oppnå forbigående myokardhypertrofi

Based on twice transverse aortic constrictions (TACs) in mice, it is proved that myocardial hypertrophic preconditioning (MHP) could attenuate ...

3D Imaging of PDL Collagen Fibers during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mandibular Murine Model

3D-avbildning av PDL kollagenfibre under kjeveortopedisk tannbevegelse i mandibulær murinemodell

Orthodontic tooth movement is a complex biological process of altered soft and hard tissue remodeling as a result of external forces. In order to ...

Establishing a Silicosis Rat Model via Exposure of Whole-Body to Respirable Silica

The major cause of silicosis is the inhalation of silica in the occupational environment. Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, rodent ...