Name: isolation and culture of rodent microglia to promote a dynamic ramified morphology in serum-free medium
Uploaded: 2018-03-09T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Rodent Microglia to Promote a Dynamic Ramified Morphology in Serum-free Medium at JoVE.com

この作品はクリストファーと脊髄損傷、博士ミリアムとシェルドン g. アデルソン医療研究財団、JPB、ノバルティス研究所の基礎研究、ダナ リーブ財団国際研究コンソーシアムによって支持されました。デイモン ・ ラニアンがん研究振興財団 (DRG-2125-12) とステラ ・ コーツ、ヴィンセントからの寛大な貢献。

齧歯動物を含むすべてのプロシージャは、国立と州法およびポリシーに準拠したスタンフォード大学のガイドラインに適合。動物のすべてのプロシージャは、スタンフォード大学の研究所動物愛護管理パネルによって承認されました。
注: すべてのソリューションとバッファー組成材料のテーブルで提供されます。
1. 準備ペトリ皿 CD11b Imm...

     

<ol>
	<li>Colonna, M., Butovsky, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia+Function+in+the+Central+Nervous+System+During+Health+and+Neurodegeneration.">Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration.</a> Annu Rev Immunol. 35, 441-468 (2017).</li><li>Wu, Y., Dissing-Olesen, L., MacVicar, B. A., Stevens, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia:+Dynamic+Mediators+of+Synapse+Development+and+Plasticity.">Microglia: Dynamic Mediators of Synapse Development and Plasticity.</a> Trends Immunol. 36 (10), 605-613 (2015).</li><li>Lou, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purinergic+receptor+P2RY12-dependent+microglial+closure+of+the+injured+blood-brain+barrier.">Purinergic receptor P2RY12-dependent microglial closure of the injured blood-brain barrier.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113 (4), 1074-1079 (2016).</li><li>Haynes, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+P2Y12+receptor+regulates+microglial+activation+by+extracellular+nucleotides.">The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides.</a> Nat Neurosci. 9 (12), 1512-1519 (2006).</li><li>Gosselin, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+environment-dependent+transcriptional+network+specifies+human+microglia+identity.">An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity.</a> Science. 356 (6344), (2017).</li><li>Lavin, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophage+enhancer+landscapes+are+shaped+by+the+local+microenvironment.">Tissue-resident macrophage enhancer landscapes are shaped by the local microenvironment.</a> Cell. 159 (6), 1312-1326 (2014).</li><li>Hoeffel, G., Ginhoux, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ontogeny+of+Tissue-Resident+Macrophages.">Ontogeny of Tissue-Resident Macrophages.</a> Front Immunol. 6, 486 (2015).</li><li>Bennett, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+tools+for+studying+microglia+in+the+mouse+and+human+CNS.">New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113 (12), E1738-E1746 (2016).</li><li>Bohlen, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diverse+Requirements+for+Microglial+Survival,+Specification,+and+Function+Revealed+by+Defined-Medium+Cultures.">Diverse Requirements for Microglial Survival, Specification, and Function Revealed by Defined-Medium Cultures.</a> Neuron. 94 (4), 759-773 (2017).</li><li>Herz, J., Filiano, A. J., Smith, A., Yogev, N., Kipnis, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myeloid+Cells+in+the+Central+Nervous+System.">Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System.</a> Immunity. 46 (6), 943-956 (2017).</li></ol>

ミクログリアは、sentinel 中枢神経系の免疫担当細胞として機能するため、環境の変化に非常に敏感したがって、分離、文化8時に細胞内での炎症反応を最小限に抑えるため細心の注意が必要です。これは、速度と温度をこのプロトコルで実現されます。動物は冷たい血流バッファーと灌流し、組織の間の時間を最小限に抑えるために合理化されましたプロトコルまたは 4 ° C ?...

中枢神経系の柔組織のマクロファージ、ミクログリア神経回路とグリア細胞のシグナリング ネットワークの広大な配列と通信します。彼らは開発およびシナプスの刈り込み、アポトーシス細胞のクリアランスと神経突起1,2で一時的な相互作用を介して脳の恒常性の重要な役割を果たします。ミクログリアは、病変部に炎症性応答を調整し出血の3、4を制限する彼らの長い、細いプロセスを拡張する神経学的な傷害に初期応答です。ミクログリアの形態と機能の変化は、急性および慢性の両方の中枢神経系傷害、ユビキタス、ミクログリア展示変更形態、ローカリゼーション、および多様な疾患状態1中の炎症メディエーターの発現。人間の遺伝学的研究を示す神経変性疾患のための危険を変える突然変異は、病気の発症や進行5 におけるミクログリアの重要な役割を指して、そのまま中枢神経系におけるミクログリアによって表現頻繁に主にまたは専らこと.けがや病気の彼らの卓越性を与えられた、新しい治療上のアプローチを開発するための高い優先度は、ミクログリアの生物学の理解を促進します。
ミクログリアの生物学の理解には多くの重要な進歩はテクニックとメカニズム他マクロファージを培養、遺伝子発現プロファイル、および機能の定義を含む集団の研究で発見された推定することによって生じています。形態/状態。マクロファージ機能しばしば中枢神経系ランドス ケープ内で意外な方法で再生を一般化、ミクログリアは自分自身、専門性の高い、分岐された形態および他の組織から離れてそれらを設定するユニークな遺伝子発現シグネチャを出展マクロファージ6。ミクログリアは他のほとんどのティッシュの大食細胞の異なる系統があります。彼らは原始造血の初期胚性波の中に中枢神経系を植民地化し、自己決定的な造血7からの貢献の独立した、生涯更新します。大人マイクログリアの完全に成熟した遺伝子発現シグネチャは、第 2 の8の生後週まで達成されていません。周囲の組織から環境の手がかりは、組織固有のマクロファージ機能6、中枢神経系血液脳関門9によって与えられた血液媒介要因への限られた露出を含むを口述筆記で主要な役割を果たします。
完全にミクログリアへの中枢神経の恒常性や病気を理解するための 1 つの障害が見られる成熟したミクログリア体内浄化された細胞の特殊なプロパティをさたの難しさ体外。分離する多くの方法が開発されている、文化そのままミクログリアがほとんどアプローチ細胞生存率をサポートするための血清に依存します。生理活性分子の広大な配列を含む本質的に変数の試薬は、ミクログリアの操作それはアメーバの形態を促進するため増加増殖は、特に問題となる、血清を加えている示されていると貪食亢進9は、ミクログリアが血液血液-脳関門の破壊後の要素にさらされる生体内でよく見かけます。これらのメトリックによって血清曝露細胞は、けがや病気の状態、ミクログリアを似ていますが、このような変化を減少しているミクログリアを亜セレン酸、コレステロール、TGF-β 髄液 1 (または IL-34) を含む定義された成長培地で培養すると。
このプロトコルは、最近出版された仕事9に関連する無血清条件下で幼若ラット ミクログリアを培養するための詳細を提供します。このプロトコルは、ラット生後 21-30 (P21 - P30) より合理化されていますが、収量および全体的な生存率は種および動物の年齢によって異なりますがラットおよびあらゆる年齢のマウスのミクログリアの分離に適応することができます。最大利回りし、若干未熟なミクログリアを使用するときに最適な生存を達成 (~ P9)、利回りと徐々 に先を細くやや大人動物の下位レベルの生存率。ミクログリアはマウスから分離することができますが、我々 はラットの細胞を示す有意に高い利回り、実行可能性、および分岐された形態の複雑さ無血清培養マウス細胞と比較して発見しました。動物が P50 より大きい高齢者このプロトコルで評価されていません。この immunopanning の分離のプロシージャは分離中ミクログリア転写プロファイルの変化を最小限にしてセルの下流の可能性を最大化する最適化されています。これらの技術とメディアの製剤を使用して、週間高生存率初代培養を維持できます。これらの条件下で培養したミクログリアは急速な拡張とプロセスの撤回を含む高度分岐し形態を展示し、増殖率が比較的低い。これらのプロパティの血清露出の意義を強調し、他のアプローチと比較してこの方法の長所と短所を話し合います。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat: Sprague-Dawley</td>
			<td>Charles River</td>
			<td>Cat# 400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse anti-rat CD11b monoclonal (clone OX42)</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>Cat# MCA275R</td>
			<td>Panning: 1:1,000; Staining: 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat polycolonal anti-Iba1&#160;</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Cat# AB5076</td>
			<td>Staining: 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal anti-Ki67&#160;</td>
			<td>Abcam&#160;</td>
			<td>Cat# AB15580</td>
			<td>Staining: 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor Donkey anti-mouse 594</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Cat# 11055</td>
			<td>Staining: 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor Donkey anti-goat 488</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Cat# A-21203</td>
			<td>Staining: 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor Donkey anti-Rabbit 647</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Cat# A-31573</td>
			<td>Staining: 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton-X (detergent in ICC staining)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>Cat# 28313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparan sulfate</td>
			<td>Galen Laboratory Supplies</td>
			<td>Cat# GAG-HS01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>Cat# M3149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peptone from milk solids</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# P6838</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF-&#946;2</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>Cat# 100-35B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Murine IL-34</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>Cat# 5195-ML/CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovine wool cholesterol</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>Cat# 700000P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen IV</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>Cat# 354233</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oleic acid</td>
			<td>Cayman Chemicals&#160;</td>
			<td>Cat# 90260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>11(Z)Eicosadienoic (Gondoic) Acid</td>
			<td>Cayman Chemicals&#160;</td>
			<td>Cat# 20606</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcein AM dye</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Cat# C3100MP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethidium homodimer-1</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>Cat# E1169</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNaseI</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>Cat# DPRFS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Percoll PLUS</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>Cat# 17-5445-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# T9935</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 21041-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/ Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamine</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 25030-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-acetyl cysteine&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# A9165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# 16634</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Apo-transferrin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# T1147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium selenite</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# S-5261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM (high glucose)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>Cat# 11960-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dapi Fluoromount-G</td>
			<td>Southern Biotech</td>
			<td>Cat# 0100-20&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-D-Lysine&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Cat# A-003-E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primaria Plates&#160;</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>Cat# 62406-456</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stock reagents&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Apo-transferrin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 10 mg/mL in PBS 
			Concentration used: 1:100 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-acetyl cysteine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 5 mg/mL in H2O 
			Concentration used: 1:1,000 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium selenite</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 2.5 mg/mL in H2O 
			Concentration used: 1:25,000 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen IV</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 200 &#956;g/mL in PBS 
			Concentration used: 1:100 
			Storage: -80&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF-b2</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 2 mg/mL in PBS 
			Concentration used: 1:1,000 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-34</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 200 &#956;g/mL in PBS 
			Concentration used: 1:1,000 
			Storage: -80&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovine wool cholesterol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 1.5 mg/mL in 100% ethanol 
			Concentration used: 1:1,000 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparan sulfate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 1 mg/mL in H2O 
			Concentration used: 1:1,000 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oleic acid/Gondoic acid</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: Gondoic: 0.001 mg/mL; Oleic: 0.1 mg/mL in 100% ethanol 
			Concentration used: 1:1,000 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reconstitution: 50 mg/mL in PBS 
			Concentration used: 1:100 
			Storage: -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solutions&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perfusion Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: 50 &#956;g/mL heparin in DPBS++ (PBS with Ca++ and Mg+ +) 
			Comments: Use when ice-cold</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Douncing Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: 200 &#956;L of 0.4% DNaseI in 50 mL of DPBS++ 
			Comments: Use when ice-cold</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Panning Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: 2 mg/mL of peptone from milk solids in DPBS++</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microglia Growth Medium (MGM)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: DMEM/F12 containing 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 &#956;g/mL streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine, 5 &#956;g/mL N-acetyl cysteine, 5 &#956;g/mL insulin, 100 &#956;g/mL apo-transferrin, and 100 ng/mL sodium selenite 
			Comments: Use ice-cold MGM to pan microglia off of immnopanning dish.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen IV Coating</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: MGM containing 2 &#956;g/mL collagen IV</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Myelin Seperation Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: 9 mL Percoll PLUS, 1 mL 10x PBS without Ca++ and Mg++, 9 &#956;L 1 M CaCl2, 5 &#956;L 1 M MgCl2 
			Comments: Mix well after the addition of&#160; CaCl2 and MgCl2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF-b2/IL-34/Cholesterol containing growth media (TIC)&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipe: MGM containing human 2 ng/mL TGF-b2, 100 ng/mL murine IL-34, 1.5 &#956;g/mL ovine wool cholesterol, 10 &#956;g/mL heparan sulfate, 0.1 &#956;g/ml oleic acid, and 0.001 &#956;g/ml gondoic acid 
			Comments: Make sure to add cholesterol to media warmed to 37 &#176;C and do not add more than 1.5 &#956;g/mL or it will precipitate out. Do not filter cholesterol-containing media. Equilibrate TIC media with 10% CO2 for 30 min- 1 hr before adding to cells to insure optimal pH.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and culture of rodent microglia to promote a dynamic ramified morphology in serum-free medium

ミクログリアは、中枢神経系 (CNS) のすべてのセルの 5-10% を表し、開発、恒常性と病の間に彼らの貢献のための注目に高まっています。マクロファージは、数十年、ミクログリアの特殊な機能、中枢神経系の組織に常駐マクロファージの詳細研究されてきたが大きく神秘的な成熟したミクログリアを要約する能力の制限により一部に残っています。文化のプロパティ。ここでは、私たちは成熟した齧歯動物の脳から純粋なミクログリアの急速な隔離のための簡単な手順を示しています。時間をかけてミクログリア生存率の高レベルをサポートする無血清培養条件についても述べる。これら定義培地条件下で培養したミクログリア精巧な区分されたプロセスと動的監視行動を表わします。我々 は議論するどのミクログリアの生体内と同様、両方の文化の血清露出に比較してこれらの無血清培養および培養マイクログリアに及ぼす血清露出を示しています。

このプロトコルは、幼若ラットから文化分岐高純度ミクログリアにメソッドを説明します。同様の結果は、後述するように未熟な周産期および大人の動物を使用して取得できます。細胞分離には微妙なニュアンスや細胞を死の多くの機会があります、ので、さまざまな段階での成功を決定するため品質管理のチェックポイントを使いました。我々 は通常の隔離のプロ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Culture of Rodent Microglia to Promote a Dynamic Ramified Morphology in Serum-free Medium at JoVE.com

Isolation and Culture of Rodent Microglia to Promote a Dynamic Ramified Morphology in Serum-free Medium

ミクログリアの機能の詳細を理解するための努力は、生体内で成熟したミクログリアの特性を要約ミクログリア培養モデルの欠如によって妨げられています。このプロトコルは定義されている培地条件下で高度分岐し成熟ラット ミクログリアの堅牢な生存を維持するために設計された分離と培養手法を指します。

動的なを促進するために齧歯動物のミクログリアの分離と培養分岐無血清培地の形態

Microglia represent 5 - 10% of all central nervous system (CNS) cells and are increasingly drawing attention due to their contributions during ...

The overall goal of this cell culture protocol is to generate highly pure cultures of microglia from developing or adult rodents that can be maintained without exposure to serum. This procedure can help answer key questions in neuroscience related to microglia morphology, fibrous ketosis, and microglia's interaction with other CNS cell types. The main advantage to this protocol is that microglia can be rapidly isolated from rodent tissue of any age and cultured without exposure to serum.To remove the brain, cut the occipital condyle from the spinal cord of an animal on both sides with dissection scissors, being careful not to damage the brain. Then, cut skin along the top of the skull, and cut up one side along the parietal and frontal bone towards the nasal bone. Carefully pull back the top of the skull with forceps, quickly remove the brain, and place it into prechilled DPBS on ice.Repeat the procedure for all remaining animals. After the brains have been collected in cold DPBS, chop each brain into one cube millimeter chunks in a petri dish on ice with a cold scalpel blade and transfer to an ice cold dounce homogenizer with five to seven milliliters of ice cold douncing buffer. Next, use a loose fitting dounce homogenizer to dissociate the tissue with 10 to 20 gentle and incomplete strokes.Take care not to directly crush the tissue at the bottom of the homogenizer. Instead, impel the tissue through the space between the sides of the piston and the homogenizer. It is important to slowly homogenize the tissue with multiple rounds of douncing to preserve microglia viability.Afterward, carefully remove the piston to prevent introducing air bubbles. Allow poorly dissociated tissue chunks to settle to the bottom of the homogenizer and transfer the supernatant to a new, chilled, 50 milliliter conical tube. Subsequently, replace the removed volume with fresh douncing buffer and repeat the dissociation procedure for a total of three to four rounds, or until all tissue has been dissociated.In this procedure, add ice cold douncing buffer to the 50 milliliter conical tube containing the cell suspension and adjust the total volume to 33.5 milliliters. Next, add 10 milliliters of MSB to the cell suspension and mix thoroughly by inverting the tube several times. This will result in a 23%final concentration of MSB in a volume of 43.5 milliliters.After that, centrifuge the cells for 15 minutes at 500 x g at 4 degrees Celsius with slow braking. Then, remove the top layer of myelin and debris and the supernatant with a pipette. Take care when removing the top layer to ensure as much of it is removed as possible.Following that, resuspend the cell pellet in 12 milliliters of panning buffer. Gently triturate the cell suspension to break up any remaining clumps of cells. In this step, pass the cell suspension through a 70 micrometer cell strainer to remove large debris or cell clumps.Rinse the OX42 coated panning dish three times with DPBS. Don't allow the plate to completely dry between washes. Pour off the last DPBS wash and apply the filtered cell suspension to the panning dish.Gently swirl the plate to distribute the cells. Then, incubate the plate on a flat surface at room temperature for 20 minutes to allow cells to adhere. Do not incubate longer than 20 minutes or cells will become very difficult to recover from the dish.Afterward, rinse the panning dish with DPBS 10 times to remove nonadherent cells. Microglia will be firmly attached to the plate, so swirl the plate with each rinse to ensure the removal of other nonadherent cells. Pour off the last DPBS wash and replace with 15 milliliters of DPBS and 200 microliters of trypsin.To trypsinize the cells, incubate the dish for less than or equal to 10 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. After 10 minutes of trypsinization, microglia will still be stuck to the plate. Pour off the mixture and gently wash the plate two times with DPBS to remove the trypsin.Then, replace with 12 milliliters of ice cold MGM. Subsequently, place the panning dish on ice for two minutes to help weaken cell and substrate interaction and make sure that the dish is flat to prevent areas of the panning dish from drying out. After that, pipette vigorously with a 10 milliliter pipette and pipette controller on high speed to recover cells from the panning dish.Draw a 16 by 16 grid with the stream of liquid from the pipette to try and remove all of the cells. It is important to find a balance between overall cell recovery and the health of your culture. Repeated pipetting of the cell supernatant against the panning dish will result in reduced viability of your culture.Check the cells under a microscope at 20x magnification to make sure that they have detached from the plate. Mark the spots on top of the dish where cells are stuck and repeat pipetting in those areas. Collect the cell suspension and allocate three to four milliliters of supernatant in each 15 milliliter conical tube.Spin it for 15 minutes at 500 x g at four degrees Celsius with slow braking. After 15 minutes, aspirate the supernatant, leaving 0.5 milliliters of MGM with the cell pellet. Then, resuspend each pellet in remaining MGM and pull the cells from all the tubes.Following that, count the cells with a hemocytometer. Now, plate 15 microliters of collagen IV coating directly in the center of a 24 well anionic cationic coated tissue culture plate and incubate for 15 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius. After counting the cells with a hemocytometer, dilute them to 2.3 x 10 to the five per milliliter in MGM.Aspirate collagen IV spot and immediately plate 15 microliters of cell suspension to this spot to yield 3.5 x 10 to the three cells per spot. Next, incubate for five to ten minutes at 37 degrees Celsius to allow the cells to adhere. Then, gently add 500 microliters of CO2 equilibrated TIC to the well.If plating on cover slips, first coat the sterile glass cover slips with 10 micrograms per milliliter PDL in water for one hour at room temperature. Then, wash them three times with water and let them dry in a hood under UV light before proceeding with spot plating on the cover slips. In order to demonstrate successful isolation and culture of highly pure microglia, we isolated microglia from P21 rats and cultured these cells in TIC or TIC supplemented with 10%FCS for eight days.Cells were then fixed and stained with microglial markers and proliferation markers. Cells cultured in TIC show a ramified morphology, low levels of proliferation, and expression of microglia markers. In comparison, cells cultured in TIC supplemented with 10%FCS also stained for microglial markers, but show high levels of proliferation and amoeboid morphology, properties often seen in activated microglia.In addition to staining for cell markers, RNA-Seq on freshly isolated cells can provide a powerful and sensitive tool for evaluating the RNA profile of the cells and can help inform the starting purity of cultures. CD11b micropanning typically results in a small percentage of CD11b positive neutrophils and monocyte carryover, in addition to CD11b positive microglia. These cells will die in TIC after a few days, but can complicate analysis of earlier timepoints.Here is a time lapse movie of P21 rat microglia after 14 DIV in TIC. After two weeks, serum free cultures show dynamic surveillance behavior with rapid process extensions and retractions throughout the dish. Here is a time lapse movie of P21 rat microglia after five DIV in TIC before and after exposure to fetal calf serum.A rapid morphological change is evident after serum exposure. Once mastered, this protocol can be done in four to five hours, if performed properly. Following this procedure, other assays to monitor phagocytosis, chemotaxis, survival, cytokine release, transcriptional responses to stimuli, can be performed in order to answer additional questions about microglia function.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding on how to rapidly isolate microglia from adult rodent tissue and culture them under serum free conditions.

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Automated Sholl Analysis of Digitized Neuronal Morphology at Multiple Scales

複数のスケールでデジタル化された神経形態の自動化されたショールの分析

Neuronal morphology plays a significant role in determining how neurons function and communicate1-3.  Specifically, it affects the ability of neurons to ...

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

胎児マウス神経管から神経堤細胞の単離および培養

The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to ...

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

齧歯中枢神経系への薬物の直接脳室内デリバリー

Due to an inability to cross the blood brain barrier, certain drugs need to be directly delivered into the central nervous system (CNS). Our lab focuses ...

Isolation, Culture and Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons From Embryonic Rodent Brains

胚性齧歯類の脳から単離、プライマリ脳ドーパミンニューロンの文化と長期メンテナンス

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes ...

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing

ダイナミック定量的感覚検査は、中枢性疼痛処理を特徴づけるために、

Central facilitation and modulation of incoming nociceptive signals play an important role in the perception of pain. Disruption in central pain ...

Microglia as a Surrogate Biosensor to Determine Nanoparticle Neurotoxicity

ナノ粒子神経毒性を決定するために、代理バイオセンサーとしてミクログリア

Nanoparticles found in air pollutants can alter neurotransmitter profiles, increase neuroinflammation, and alter brain function. Therefore, the assay ...

Characterization and Isolation of Mouse Primary Microglia by Density Gradient Centrifugation

特性と密度勾配遠心によるマウスのプライマリ ミクログリアの分離

Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, are the first responders to inflammation or injury in the central nervous system. Recent research has ...

Isolation and RNA Extraction of Neurons, Macrophages and Microglia from Larval Zebrafish Brains

分離およびゼブラフィッシュ稚魚の脳から神経細胞、大食細胞、ミクログリアの RNA の抽出

To gain a detailed understanding of the role of different CNS cells during development or the establishment and progression of brain pathologies, it is ...

Quantifying Microglia Morphology from Photomicrographs of Immunohistochemistry Prepared Tissue Using ImageJ

免疫組織化学準備 ImageJ を用いた組織の顕微鏡写真からミクログリアの形態の定量化

Microglia are brain phagocytes that participate in brain homeostasis and continuously survey their environment for dysfunction, injury, and disease. As ...

Generation of Oligodendrocytes and Oligodendrocyte-Conditioned Medium for Co-Culture Experiments

共同培養実験のためのオリゴデンドロサイト及びオリゴデンドロサイト条件培地の生成

In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes are well-known for their role in axon myelination, that accelerates the propagation of action potentials ...